Personal Development w/ Public Relations

PERSONALITY (SDG 3 & SDG 10)

 Lesson 1. Enumerate and Appreciate the Goals in Taking up a Personality Development
Course.
 Lesson 2. Define Personality and give its components
 Lesson 3. Differentiate the Types of Personality
 Lesson 4. Identify the Factors that Causes Personality Differences.
 Lesson 5. Enumerate the facets of Personality.

LESSON 1:

INTRODUCTION

Personality is used every day to describe or explain the impressions that other people
make upon a person. A beauty contestant should possess characteristics like conversational
skills, adaptability, and ability to project one in order to have an impressive “personality.” The
same characteristics are equally necessary when you apply for a job.
Personality, are deeply ingrained and relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and
behavior. Personality usually refers to that, which is unique about a person, the characteristics
that distinguish him or her from other people. Thought, emotion, and behavior as such do not
constitute a personality, which is, rather, the dispositions that underlie these elements.
Personality implies predictability about how a person will act or react under different
circumstances.
The image of a person is a reproduction or a mental picture of that person as seen by
others. Thus other people’s reactions to you can tell you whether your image is for your own
good or not.
The way a person is treated in this world depends on the way she presents herself, i. e.,
the way she looks, the way she speaks, and the way she behaves. The study of human personality
is one of the most significant studies for anyone. Through understanding of one’s own
personality and the personalities of other people, a person will be able to tell the difference
between success and failure in one’s dealings with others. An understanding of one’s personality
and of others can make the difference between satisfactory and unsatisfactory adjustment.
What we see in surface behavior may not really represent the entire personality of the
individual. Thus one should study personality to improve our own personality and to understand
others so that we can adjust to them and have harmonious relations with them. Effective
personality is a quality whereby a person’s behavior manifests successful adjustment to a given
area of his environment. To develop an effective personality, one has to work hard. You have to
analyze yourself, recognize the strengths and weaknesses of your personality and then come up
with a new “you.”
 The key to a good personality is the ability to adjust equally well to various types of life
situations, to make those responses that result in the greatest satisfaction for both oneself and
one’s associates. The person who has learned to conduct himself positively in all the important
areas of his life has developed an effective personality.
Goals in Taking Up Personality Development
1. To develop a well-rounded personality, that will help you meet various life situations
successfully.
2. To develop an effective personality, for you to very well adjust to different kinds of people
and situations.
3. To develop an appealing personality, for you to find it easy to get along with people.
4. To develop an employable personality, for you possess the needed qualifications in terms of
knowledge, skills, competencies, traits, business behavior and desirable attitudes that makes you
hireable.
5. To get a deeper insight into the behavior of other people, for you to get along and adjust better
with other people.

LESSON 2: PERSONALITY AND ITS COMPONENTS

Definition of Personality
1. By Amparo Santos
Personality is defined as the sum total of the qualities and characteristics of a person as shown in
her manner of walking, talking, dressing, and her attitudes, interests and ways of reacting to other
people. It refers to all the factors within the person that influence his characteristic ways of
behaving, thinking and feeling. It is one’s image on others.

2. By Sferra, Wright & Rice

Personality refers to the total person. It is the expression of what you are and what you do. It is
the core of each individual, the product of all the responses that are expressed in everyday living
– in the home, the school, the playground, the office, the theatre, in the street, and in the seclusion
of your room. It includes the things that you say as well as think in the many different situations
that you constantly meet.

3. By Webster’s Dictionary
is the totality of an individual’s behavioral and emotional characteristics, these characteristics
distinguish an individual from another

4. By Tomas Andres Personality

is the sum total of the individual – the whole man – in what they see in us, all that we are in soul
and body.6
 In a wider sense, personality designates not only the essential composition of body and
soul but also the whole individual who acts. It includes her appearance, her manners, her habits,
and her likes and dislikes etc. External indications like tone of voice, sparkle of wit, and natural
poise help us identify and classify a person.

Components of Personality
1. Physical – features or characteristics of a person which could be seen with the naked eye like
mode of dressing, manner of walking, posture, body built, health, complexion, grooming,
physical movement and facial expression.
2. Intellectual – how a person talk and what she talks about manifest how intelligent that person
is. It also include the range of ideas she expresses, her mental alertness and her ability to solve
problems, make good judgment and make wise decisions.
3. Social – includes good manners, norms of conduct and ethics, doing what is right at the proper
time, acting and behaving in the proper manner, and being able to get along well with others.
4. Emotional – includes a person’s likes and dislikes, whether she is outgoing or shy, whether
she is calm or nervous, and whether she loses her temper easily or not. This also include your
ability to control your strong feeling of emotions like love, sex, fear, hatred etc. and to have
poise – remaining cool and calm when faced with a difficult situation.
5. Value system – includes a person’s attitudes, moral principles, values, beliefs, philosophy in
life, and ambition. This aspect is referred to as character, which is shown or manifested in the
way we judge whether our actions and the actions of others are, right or wrong.

Lesson 3: Different Types of Personality

Types of Personality
1. Appealing Personality.
This is the personality of a person who is well liked and can easily get along with
different kinds of people.
2. Repelling Personality.
This is the personality of a person who is generally disliked by other people. She
finds it hard to adjust herself to different people and different situations.

Lesson 4: The Factors that Causes Personality Differences.

Factors Affecting Personality?
We are all different from one another because of the following factors:
1. Heredity.
 Heredity sets the limits to our potential. Heredity is the process of transmitting biological
traits from parents to offspring through genes, the basic units of heredity. Heredity also
refers to the inherited characteristics of an individual, including traits such as height, eye
color, and blood type. This factor determines many physical characteristics of a person
like height, weight, eyes, hair color and texture, shape of the face and nose, body build,
skin color and complexion – the entire body. This is the physical basis of personality.
Heredity also influences the nervous system and affects the child’s mental development.

2. Environment.
A child’s behavior is learned from his/her environment. Environment refers to the people,
things, and circumstances surrounding a person. It includes your family, the
neighborhood, school, church, social groups and other groups with whom you interact.
These groups influence our behavior.

Heredity and environment interact to form personality. Infants differ widely because of
variables that are inherited or result from conditions of pregnancy and birth. These
differences can influence how parents respond to the infant—one illustration of how
hereditary conditions affect environmental ones.

In addition to the influences of heredity, what happens to a developing child has a greater or
lesser effect depending on when it happens. Many psychologists believe that critical periods exist
in personality development. These are periods when an individual is more sensitive to a
particular type of environmental event.
3. Experiences.
Experiences consist of everything that we do or get in touch with throughout life. Such
experiences may be physical, emotional or social in nature. We act differently because
we have varied experiences that may influence our feelings, our thoughts, our beliefs and
our actions.
Learning, acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is
common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human
learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

In other words, the determinants of personality are: (1) biological determinants,

(2) environmental determinants, and (3) the self.

What we think and how we feel about ourselves is the focus around which
personality is formed, maintained and through which it changes. Our self-concepts affect
our ways of behaving, thinking and feeling about ourselves and about others.
 If one feels good about herself, she has self-confidence to face others and meets
challenges of a task. But if she feels inadequate and unsure then she tends to avoid people
and situations or may show hostility to others. The self has the following components:

1. Perceptual component includes the way we view ourselves and how we feel
others see us.
2. Conceptual component includes what we think about our abilities, assets,
limitations; our feelings about our past, origin and family background; and feelings about
our future.
3. Attitudinal component includes the attitudes that we have developed about
values, ideals, convictions, and ourselves.

Lesson 5: The facets of Personality.

Personality is complex and multi-dimensional. Instead of being a single fixed trait, personality is
made up of various broad traits that can be broken down into more specific facets or sub-traits.
These facets give us a clearer and more detailed picture of how individuals differ from one
another.
The Big Five personality traits are a popular model that describes personality through five
broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and
Neuroticism. Each of these traits contains several facets, which explain the finer details of
personality.

1. Openness to Experience
This trait reflects how willing and eager a person is to explore new ideas, experiences, and
emotions. Openness isn’t just about being creative; it’s also about intellectual curiosity and open-
mindedness.
 Facets of Openness include:
o Imagination: People high in imagination are creative and enjoy fantasy and
daydreaming.
o Artistic interests: A love for art, beauty, and music.
o Emotionality: Awareness and openness about one’s feelings.
o Adventurousness: Seeking out new experiences and being comfortable with
change.
o Intellect: Curiosity about ideas, puzzles, and abstract thinking.
o Liberalism: Open to new social values and unconventional ideas.
Why it matters: People who score high in openness tend to be innovative, adaptable, and good
at thinking outside the box. Those lower in openness may prefer routine, familiar experiences,
and more traditional ideas.

2. Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness describes how organized, responsible, and dependable someone is. This trait
is important for success in many areas of life because it involves self-discipline and careful
planning.
 Facets of Conscientiousness include:
o Self-efficacy: Confidence in one’s ability to get things done.
o Orderliness: Preference for neatness and organization.
o Dutifulness: A strong sense of responsibility and following rules.
o Achievement-striving: Desire to achieve goals and be successful.
o Self-discipline: Ability to focus and resist distractions.
o Cautiousness: Thinking before acting to avoid mistakes.
Why it matters: People high in conscientiousness are reliable and hardworking, making them
good students and employees. Low conscientiousness can be linked to impulsivity and less
reliability.

3. Extraversion
Extraversion is about how outgoing, energetic, and social a person is. It also includes the
tendency to seek stimulation and excitement from the outside world.
 Facets of Extraversion include:
o Friendliness: Being warm and approachable.
o Gregariousness: Enjoying social gatherings and being around others.
o Assertiveness: Taking charge and confidently expressing opinions.
o Activity level: Being energetic and always on the go.
o Excitement-seeking: Desire for fun and adventure.
o Cheerfulness: Tendency to be optimistic and positive.
Why it matters: Extroverts thrive in social settings and often take leadership roles. Introverts
(low extraversion) may prefer solitude or small groups and recharge by being alone.

4. Agreeableness
Agreeableness refers to how kind, cooperative, and compassionate a person is toward others.
 Facets of Agreeableness include:
o Trust: Believing that others are generally honest and well-meaning.
o Morality: Being sincere and fair, avoiding manipulation.
o Altruism: Willingness to help others without expecting something in return.
o Cooperation: Getting along well with others and avoiding conflict.
o Modesty: Being humble and not boastful.
o Sympathy: Feeling concern for others' feelings and needs.
Why it matters: High agreeableness leads to positive social relationships and teamwork. Low
agreeableness may mean a person is more competitive or skeptical of others.

5. Neuroticism
Neuroticism measures the tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, anger, and
sadness.
  Facets of Neuroticism include:
o Anxiety: Feeling nervous or worried frequently.
o Anger: Getting irritated or upset easily.
o Depression: Feeling sad or hopeless.
o Self-consciousness: Feeling shy or embarrassed easily.
o Immoderation: Difficulty controlling cravings or urges.
o Vulnerability: Feeling overwhelmed or helpless under stress.
Why it matters: High neuroticism can make it harder to cope with stress and can affect mental
health. Low neuroticism usually means someone is calm and emotionally stable.

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