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 Daftar Isi

A. Time Expressions (Pengenalan waktu) .............................................................................. 62

B. Seasons and frequency........................................................................................................ 64
C. Frequency Expressions ....................................................................................................... 64
D Daily Routines ..................................................................................................................... 65
E. Adjective (kata sifat) ........................................................................................................... 68
F. Material (Benda) ................................................................................................................. 69
G. Chores and Cleaning (Pekerjaan rumah).......................................................................... 73
H. Clothes & Accessories (Pakaian & Aksesoris) ................................................................... 75
I. Appearance (Penampilan) ................................................................................................... 77
J. Verbs (Kata Kerja) .............................................................................................................. 78
K. Family and Relations (Keluarga dan kerabat) .................................................................. 79
GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNER.............................................................................................. 81
[Link] ( kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu) ......................................... 81
B. Past (Something that already happened) ............................................................................ 94
C. Future (Things that will happen later) .............................................................................. 106

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 BASIC VOCABLARIES FOR BEGINNERS

A. Time Expressions (Pengenalan waktu)

Time expressions are words or phrases that tell when something happens — in the past, present, or
future.
 Common Time Expressions
Seven days a week

Monday : Senin Friday : Jumat

Tuesday : Selasa Saturday : Sabtu

Wednesday : Rabu Sunday : Minggu

Thursday : Kamis

The 12 Months

January : Januari July : Juli

February : Februari August : August

March : Maret September : September

April : April October : Oktober

May : Mei November : November

June : Juni December : Desember

English Meaning Example Sentence

Today Hari ini I study English today.
Tomorrow Besok She will go to school tomorrow.
Yesterday Kemarin We played football yesterday.
Now Sekarang He is eating now.
This morning Pagi ini I drank milk this morning.
Last night Tadi malam They watched TV last night.
Every day Setiap hari I brush my teeth every day.
At night Di malam hari I sleep at night.
In the morning Di pagi hari She runs in the morning.
Next week Minggu depan We will have a test next week.

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Tenses & Time Expressions

 Present Simple → every day, in the morning

 Past Simple → yesterday, last night
 Future (will/going to) → tomorrow, next week

Latihan (Exercises)

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. I go to school _____.
b. We will go to the zoo _____.
c. She watched a movie _____
d. National exams are usually in _______.
e. We celebrate New Year in _______.

2. Translate these into English:

a. Saya makan pagi ini = __________
b. Kami belajar bahasa Inggris kemarin = __________
c. Dia akan pergi minggu depan = _________
d. Saya lahir di bulan November = __________
e. Libur sekolah dimulai bulan Desember

B. SEASONS AND FREQUENCY

There are four seasons in English:

1. Spring – The weather is warm, and flowers bloom.

2. Summer – It is hot and sunny. People go to the beach.
3. Autumn (or Fall) – Leaves change color and fall. The weather becomes cool.
4. Winter – It is cold. In some countries, it snows.

Example Sentences
 I like summer because I can swim.
 In winter, we wear warm clothes.
 Spring is my favorite season.
 Leaves fall from trees in autumn.

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 Practice

1. What is your favorite season? Why?

2. Make 3 simple sentences using the names of different seasons.
3. Translate this sentence into English:
Saya suka musim dingin karena saya suka salju→ ____________________________________
Saya suka musim panas. → ____________________________________
Musim dingin sangat dingin. → ____________________________________
Daun jatuh di musim gugur. → ____________________________________
Bunga bermekaran di musim semi. → ____________________________________

C. Frequency Expressions
These words show how often you do something.

Common Frequency Words

 Always – all the time (selalu)

 Usually – almost always (biasanya)
 Often – many times (sering)
 Sometimes – not always (kadang - kadang)
 Seldom – not often (jarang)
 Never – not at all (tidak pernah)

Example Sentences
 I always wake up at 6 a.m.
 She usually drinks milk in the morning.
 We often play games after school.
 He sometimes eats vegetables.
 They seldom watch TV.
 I never smoke.
Note: These words usually go before the main verb.

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Practice

1. Write 3 sentences about your daily routine using: always, sometimes, and never.
2. Translate into English:
a. Saya biasanya bangun jam 6 pagi.
b. Dia tidak pernah makan mie instan.
c. Kami sering belajar bersama.

D. Daily Routines
daily routine is a list of activities you do every day, usually in the same order. For example:
waking up, brushing your teeth, going to school, etc.

Common Daily Activities

Here are some examples of daily routine activities:

– Wake up :
– Take a shower:
– Brush my teeth :
– Get dressed :
– Eat breakfast :
– Go to school :
– Study :
– Eat lunch :
– Do homework :
– Play with friends :
– Watch TV :
– Eat dinner :
– Go to bed :

Example Sentences

 I wake up at 6 a.m.
 I take a shower and brush my teeth.
 I go to school at 7 o’clock.
 I eat lunch at 12 noon.
 I do my homework in the afternoon.
 I go to bed at 9 p.m.

Use present simple tense to talk about your routine.

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Practice

1. Write 5 sentences about your daily routine. Use time expressions like: in the morning, in the
afternoon, at night.
Example: I eat breakfast at 7 a.m. in the morning.

2. Arrange the daily activities in the correct order:

a. Go to school
b. Wake up
c. Eat lunch
d. Brush teeth
e. Sleep

3. Translate into English:

a. Saya bangun jam 6 pagi = __________
b. Saya belajar setelah makan siang = __________
c. Saya tidur jam 9 malam = __________

Reading Text

Hello! My name is Dita. I am 12 years old. I live in Jakarta with my family. I go to school from
Monday to Friday.

Every day, I wake up at 5:30 a.m. I make my bed and brush my teeth. Then, I take a shower and get
dressed. I wear my school uniform. After that, I eat breakfast with my family. My favorite breakfast is
fried rice and egg.

At 6:45 a.m., I go to school by bicycle. I arrive at school at 7:00 a.m. and study until 1:00 p.m. My
favorite subject is English because I love learning new words. After school, I go home and eat lunch.

In the afternoon, I do my homework and help my mother wash the dishes. Sometimes I play with
my little brother. At 6:30 p.m., we eat dinner together. After dinner, I watch TV or read a book. I go to
bed at 9:00 p.m.

That is my daily routine. What about you?

Comprehension Questions
Multiple Choice – Choose the correct answer:

1. What time does Dita wake up?

a. 5:00 a.m.
b. 5:30 a.m.
c. 6:30 a.m.
2. How does Dita go to school?
a. By car
b. By bus
c. By bicycle

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 3. What does Dita do after dinner?
a. She sleeps immediately
b. She reads a book or watches TV
c. She studies until midnight
4. What is Dita’s favorite school subject?
a. Science
b. Math
c. English
5. What time does dita go to sleep?
a. 9.00 a.m
b. 10.00 p.m
c. 9.00 p.m

True or False

1. Dita goes to school on Saturday. → _______

2. She eats breakfast alone. → _______
3. She helps her mother after school. → _______
4. Dita sleeps at 9 p.m. → _______
5. Dita Favorite dishes is noodle → _______

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Dita eat for breakfast?

→ _________________________________
2. What does she do in the afternoon?
→ _________________________________
3. What time does she eat dinner?
→ _________________________________
4. What does she do before sleeping?
→ _________________________________
5. What does she do to help her mom?
→ _________________________________

E. Adjective (kata sifat)

An adjective is a word that describes or gives more information about a noun (a person, a
place, a thing, or an idea).

Adjectives help us know:

 What kind? → a beautiful girl
 How many? → three books
 Which one? → that house
 What color? → a blue car

Think of adjectives as "describing words”

They tell us what something or someone is like.

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 Examples of Adjectives in Sentences:

1. The cat is small.

2. I have a new bag.
3. She is happy today.
4. That is a funny movie.
5. We live in a big house.

Types of Adjectives (Simple):

Type Example
Describing size big, small, tall, short
Describing color red, blue, green, black
Describing feelings happy, sad, tired, angry
Describing shape round, square, long
Describing quality nice, kind, smart, funny
Number one, two, three, many

Where do adjectives go in a sentence?

1. Before a noun
→ I have a blue pen.
→ She wears a pretty dress.
2. After ‘to be’ verbs (is, am, are, was, were)
→ The book is interesting.
→ They are tired

Quick Test:

Which word is the adjective?

– The sky is blue.
– She has a small dog.
– I am hungry.

Speaking Practice

Topic: Adjectives (Describing People & Things)

Level: Basic English

a. Describe a Person

b. Answer the questions out loud:

1. Are you tall or short?
2. What is your hair like? (long/short, curly/straight?)
3. Is your friend funny or quiet?
4. Who is beautiful in your family?
5. Is your teacher kind?

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 c. Mini Task: Describe 1 Person and 1 Object
Speak 3–5 sentences about:
1. Your favorite dishes
2. A thing you have (like a bag, bike, toy, etc.)

F. Material (Benda)
Common Materials in English:

 Wood – Wood comes from trees.

Example: The table is made of wood.

 Plastic – A light and cheap material.

Example: My water bottle is plastic.

 Metal – A strong and shiny material.

Example: That chair has metal legs.

 Glass – A clear material that can break easily.

Example: The window is made of glass.

 Paper – A thin material used for writing or drawing.

Example: I write on paper.

 Cotton – A soft material used for clothes.

Example: This shirt is made of cotton.

 Wool – A warm material from sheep.

Example: My sweater is made of wool.

 Leather – A strong material from animal skin.

Example: He wears leather shoes.

 Stone – A hard natural material.

Example: The road is made of stone.

 Rubber – A flexible and soft material.

Example: Tires are made of rubber.

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 Practice Activities

1. Answer the questions:

– What is your school bag made of?

– What is your table made of?
– Do you have anything made of cotton?

2. Match items with materials:

– Shirt → ______
– Window → ______
– Book → ______
– Shoes → ______

3. Make 3 sentences using material words.

Example:
– My bag is made of leather.
– The door is made of wood.
– I have a cotton T-shirt

G. Around The House

Common Places in the House

 Living room – We watch TV in the living room.

 Bedroom – I sleep in my bedroom.
 Kitchen – My mom cooks in the kitchen.
 Bathroom – I brush my teeth in the bathroom.
 Dining room – We eat together in the dining room.
 Garage – We park the car in the garage.
 Yard / Garden – The kids play in the yard.

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 Common Objects in the House

 Chair – I sit on the chair.

 Table – We eat on the table.
 Bed – I sleep on the bed.
 Couch / Sofa – The family sits on the sofa.
 TV – We watch TV at night.
 Fridge – There is milk in the fridge.
 Mirror – I look in the mirror.
 Lamp – The lamp is on the table.
 Door – Please open the door.
 Window – The window is open.

Practice

1. Answer the questions:

– Where do you sleep?
– Where do you eat dinner?
– What is in your living room?

2. Complete the sentences:

– I cook in the ________.
– There is a bed in the ________.
– My father watches TV in the ________.

3. Speaking practice:
– Describe your bedroom.
– What do you see in your kitchen?

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4. Look at the picture below, then write the name of each object under the correct room

G. Chores and Cleaning (Pekerjaan rumah)

Common House Chores

 Sweep the floor – I sweep the floor every morning.

 Mop the floor – My sister mops the floor on weekends.
 Wash the dishes – I wash the dishes after dinner.
 Do the laundry – My mom does the laundry on Sundays.
 Make the bed – I make my bed after waking up.
 Take out the trash – My brother takes out the trash at night.
 Clean the bathroom – We clean the bathroom every Saturday.
 Dust the furniture – I dust the table and shelves.
 Water the plants – She waters the plants every day.
 Iron the clothes – My dad irons his shirts.

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Example Sentences

 I help my parents at home.

 I do the laundry and wash the dishes.
 She always makes her bed.
 He takes out the trash every night.
 We clean the house on the weekend.

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 Practice

1. Answer the questions:

– What chores do you do at home?
– Who usually washes the dishes in your family?
– Do you like cleaning?

2. Complete the sentences:

– I ______ the floor every morning.
– My sister ______ the bed after waking up.
– We ______ the trash before going to bed.

3. Make 3 sentences about your house chores.

H. Clothes & Accessories (Pakaian & Aksesoris)

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 Common Clothes Vocabulary

 Shirt – I wear a shirt to school.

 T-shirt – He wears a red T-shirt.
 Pants / Trousers – My father wears black pants.
 Skirt – My sister wears a long skirt.
 Dress – She wears a beautiful dress.
 Jacket – I need a jacket when it’s cold.
 Coat – He wears a coat in winter.
 Shorts – I wear shorts at home.
 Shoes – I wear shoes to school.
 Sandals – She wears sandals at the beach.
 Socks – I wear socks with my shoes.
 Hat – He wears a hat under the sun.
 Scarf – I wear a scarf when it’s cold.
 Uniform – We wear a uniform at school.

Colors + Clothes
You can combine color + clothing item to describe:
 A blue dress
 A white shirt
 Black shoes
 A red jacket

Examples:
– She wears a pink dress.
– He has brown shoes.
– I like my green T-shirt.

Practice

1. What are you wearing now?

Example: I am wearing a blue T-shirt and black pants.

2. Fill in the blanks:

– I wear a ______ to school.
– He wears a ______ in winter.
– She wears a ______ when it’s hot.

3. Speaking Practice:
Describe your favorite outfit.
Example: My favorite outfit is a red hoodie and jeans.

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I. Appearance (Penampilan)
Words to Describe Appearance

1. Height
– Tall
– Short
– Medium height
Example: She is tall. He is short.

2. Body Type
– Slim
– Fat
– Chubby
– Thin
Example: My friend is slim. That cat is chubby.

3. Hair
– Long hair
– Short hair
– Curly hair
– Straight hair
– Black hair, brown hair, blonde hair
Example: She has long black hair. He has short curly hair.

4. Skin Tone
– Light skin
– Dark skin
– Tan skin
Example: He has tan skin. She has light skin.

5. Other Features
– Beautiful
– Handsome
– Cute
– Old
– Young
Example: My grandma is old but beautiful. He is a handsome boy.

Sentence Patterns

 She is tall and slim.

 He has short black hair.
 My friend is young and cute.
 They have curly brown hair.
 I am short but strong.

Use "is / am / are" for adjectives, and "has / have" for hair or other body parts.

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 Practice

1. Answer these questions:

– Are you tall or short?
– What kind of hair do you have?
– Is your friend slim or chubby?

2. Complete the sentences:

– She is ______ and ______.
– He has ______ hair.
– I am ______ and I have ______ skin.

3. Describe a person you know (in 3–5 sentences):

Example: My sister is tall and slim. She has long straight hair. She is beautiful.

J. Verbs (Kata Kerja)

A verb is a word that shows action or something someone does.
Think of verbs as "doing words".

Common Verbs For Beginners

 Eat – I Eat Rice.
 Drink – She Drinks Milk.
 Go – We Go To School.
 Come – He Comes Home At 5 P.M.
 Run – They Run Fast.
 Walk – I Walk To The Market.
 Read – I Read A Book.
 Write – She Writes Her Name.
 Sleep – The Baby Sleeps.
 Study – I Study English.
 Play – We Play Football.
 Watch – They Watch TV.
 Open – Please Open The Door.
 Close – He Closes The Window.
 Sing – She Sings Well.
 Dance – I Like To Dance.

Sentence Patterns (Present Simple)

 I eat breakfast every day.
 She reads a book.
 They play in the park.
 He watches TV at night.
 We study English at school.

Add -s or -es for he, she, it in present tense:

He plays, she watches, it runs

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 Practice

1. Fill in the blanks:

– I ______ a story.
– She ______ to school at 7 a.m.
– They ______ milk in the morning.
– We ______ football after school.

2. Answer the questions:

– What do you do every morning?
– What does your friend do after school?

3. Write 5 sentences using different verbs.

Example: I read. She runs. We play games.

K. Family and Relations (Keluarga dan kerabat)

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Here are common family words:
 Father – My father is kind.
 Mother – I love my mother.
 Parents – My parents cook dinner.
 Brother – I have one brother.
 Sister – My sister is younger than me.
 Son – He has a son.
 Daughter – She is their daughter.
 Baby – The baby is sleeping.
 Grandpa (Grandfather) – My grandpa lives with us.
 Grandma (Grandmother) – My grandma makes cookies.
 Uncle – My uncle is funny.
 Aunt – My aunt has two cats.
 Cousin – My cousin and I go to the same school.
 Nephew – He is my nephew.
 Niece – She is my niece.

Describing Relationships

 He is my father.
 She is my sister.
 I am her son.
 We are cousins.
 My uncle is my mother’s brother.
 My aunt is my father's sister.

Example Sentences

 I have one sister and two brothers.

 My mother is a teacher.
 Her grandma is 70 years old.
 This is my family. We are happy.
 My cousin lives in another city.

Practice

1. Fill in the blanks:

– My ______ is my mom’s father.
– She is my uncle’s daughter. She is my ______.
– My ______ cooks delicious food. (Hint: mother or father)

2. Answer the questions:

– How many people are in your family?
– Do you have a brother or sister?
– Who is your favorite family member?

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3. Make 5 sentences about your family.

GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNER

A. Tenses ( kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu)

A tense is a form of the verb that allows you to express time. We use different verb forms to talk
about the time when something happens.
In full grammar, there are 12 main tenses in English. But as a beginner we don’t need to learn all
at once

Here are the 12 tenses (for reference):

Time Tense Name

Present Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous

Basic Tenses: Now – Past – Future

1. Now
 Simple Present
The Simple Present is used to talk about things we do regularly, facts, or things that are
always true.
Uses of Simple Present
1. Daily routines / habits
→ I brush my teeth every morning.
2. General truths / facts
→ The sun rises in the east.

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 3. Schedules / timetables
→ The train leaves at 7 a.m.
4. Feelings, likes, opinions
→ She likes chocolate.
Structure
Positive Sentence (Affirmative)

Subject + Verb 1 (base form)

➕ For he, she, it, add -s or -es to the verb.

Subject Verb Example

I/You/We/They Play I play football.

He/She/It Plays She plays football.

Negative Sentence

Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1

Subject Helping Verb Verb Example

I/You/We/They do not (don’t) play They don’t play tennis.

He/She/It does not (doesn’t) play He doesn’t play tennis.

Do/does changes, not the main verb

Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + ?

Helping Verb Subject Verb Example

Do you/we/they like Do you like apples?

Does he/she/it eat Does she eat vegetables?

Again, do/does changes — the main verb stays in base form.

Time Expressions Common in Simple Present

 every day / every week

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 always / usually / sometimes / never
 on Mondays / at night / in the morning

Examples

Type Sentence

Positive He drinks water every morning.

Negative She doesn’t like coffee.

Question Do you study English every day?

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:

1. She ______ (go) to school every day.

2. They ______ (not/play) football on Sundays.
3. ______ you ______ (like) ice cream?
4. My brother ______ (watch) TV in the evening.
5. The cat ______ (sleep) on the sofa.

Choose the correct answer:

6. He ______ to the gym every morning.

a. go
b. goes
c. going

7. ______ she cook dinner every night?

a. Does
b. Do
c. Is

8. I ______ coffee in the morning.

a. drinks
b. drinking
c. drink

9. They ______ study English on weekends.

a. doesn’t
b. don’t
c. not

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 10. What time ______ the train arrive?
a. do
b. is
c. does

"A Trip to the Mountains"

My name is Adit. I love nature and fresh air. Every weekend, I go to the mountains with my
cousin, Dika. We like spending time outdoors. We usually leave the house early in the morning. I wear
my hiking boots and carry a backpack. Dika brings snacks, water, and a camera. We take the bus to a
small village near the mountain.

When we arrive, we start walking up the hill. The road is long, but the view is beautiful. We see
trees, flowers, and birds. Sometimes, we see monkeys in the trees. They jump from one branch to another.
We walk slowly and talk while we hike. We take short breaks when we are tired. Dika likes to take
pictures of the forest and animals. I like to sit on a rock and enjoy the sound of the wind.

At the top of the mountain, we eat our snacks and drink water. We look at the view. The village
looks small from up there. The sky is blue, and the air is [Link] never leave trash in the forest. We put
everything back in our bags. We respect nature and try to keep it [Link] the afternoon, we walk back
down. We feel tired but happy. I always smile when I go to the mountains. It is my favorite activity

Comprehension Questions:

1. What is the boy’s name?

2. Who goes with him to the mountains?
3. What day do they usually go?
4. What does Adit wear for the trip?
5. How do they go to the mountain village?
6. What animals do they sometimes see?
7. What does Dika bring in his backpack?
8. What does Adit like to do on a rock?
9. What do they do at the top of the mountain?
10. Do they leave trash in the forest?

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Lesson 1 – Present Simple

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - enjoy / car / What / company / new / Where / How / design

Man: ______ do you do?

Woman: I work at a tech ______.

Man: Oh, what do you do there?

Woman: I ______ software.

Man: Do you like your job?

Woman: Yeah, I ______ it.

Man: ______ is your office?

Woman: I work at the ______ office downtown.

Man: ______ do you get to work?

Woman: I take the bus. I don’t have a ______.

Man: Same here!

Conversation 2 - running / home / belong / like / exercise / swim / soccer / near

Man: Do you ______ to a gym?

Woman: Yes, I go to the gym ______ my house.

Man: What do you do at the gym? How do you ______?

Woman: On Monday and Tuesday I do yoga, and the gym has a pool, so I sometimes

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______.

Man: Oh, I do yoga too! I do it at ______ though. I watch videos online.

Woman: Oh, you don’t belong to a gym?

Man: No, I don’t ______ gyms. For exercise, I jog in the park, or play ______ with friends.

Woman: Oh, that works. I love ______ in the park.

Man: Cool! Let’s jog together sometime.

Woman: I’d like that!

Conversation 3 - difficult / sell / teach / long / teach / both / business / estate

Man: What do your parents do?

Woman: They ______ work in sales.

Man: Oh, what do they ______?

Woman: They sell houses. They have a real ______ company.

Man: That’s a ______ job.

Woman: It is. They work ______ hours, but they like it. What about your parents?

Man: They’re ______. They teach at the university.

Woman: Oh, what do they ______?

Man: They both teach ______

Listening on line here:

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  Simple Present Continous

The Present Continuous (also called Present Progressive) is used to talk about actions
happening right now or around this moment.

Example: I am studying English now.

Uses of Present Continuous

1. Actions happening right now

→ She is talking on the phone.
2. Temporary actions
→ I am living in Medan for a few months.
3. Future arrangements (planned activities)
→ We are meeting our teacher tomorrow.

Structure (Formula)

Positive Sentence:
🔹 Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

Subject Be Verb Verb -ing Example

I am reading I am reading a book.
He/She/It is sleeping She is sleeping.
You/We/They are playing They are playing football.

Negative Sentence:
🔹 Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing
Example
I am not watching TV.
He is not studying now.
We are not eating dinner.

Interrogative Sentence (Questions):

🔹 Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing + ?

Example

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 Example

Are you doing your homework?

Is she singing a song?
What are they watching on TV?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show that we use Present Continuous:
 now
 right now
 at the moment
 today
 look!
 listen!
 this week / this month
 currently

Examples

 I am studying English now.

 She is cleaning the house at the moment.
 They are watching a movie tonight.

Practice

Fill the blanks using the right simple present tense

1. I __________ (do) my homework now.

2. She __________ (read) a book in the living room.

3. They __________ (play) football in the park.

4. We __________ (watch) a movie at the moment.

5. He __________ (sleep) on the sofa.

6. My friends __________ (wait) for me outside.

7. You __________ (listen) to music right now.

8. The baby __________ (cry) loudly.

9. I __________ (not eat) dinner now.

10. What __________ you __________ (do) right now?

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

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1. She ______ to music right now.
a) listens
b) is listening
c) listening

2. I ______ a letter at the moment.

a) am writing
b) write
c) writing

3. They ______ TV in the living room.

a) are watch
b) watching
c) are watching

4. We ______ our homework now.

a) is doing
b) are doing
c) do

5. He ______ dinner with his family.

a) is having
b) has
c) having

6. Look! The dog ______ in the yard.

a) is run
b) runs
c) is running

7. I ______ to the teacher. Please be quiet.

a) listen
b) am listening
c) listening

8. What ______ you ______ right now?

a) are / do
b) do / do
c) are / doing

9. My brother ______ a shower now.

a) is taking
b) takes
c) take

10. The children ______ in the playground.

a) are play
b) are playing
c) play

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11. She ______ a red dress today.
a) wears
b) wearing
c) is wearing

12. You ______ your keys again!

a) are lose
b) are losing
c) lose

13. I ______ English this week.

a) am studying
b) study
c) studies

14. We ______ to the market.

a) go
b) are going
c) going

15. The teacher ______ a story to the class.

a) tells
b) is telling
c) telling

Reading Comprehension

Read the text carefully. Then, answer the questions below by writing True or False based on
the information in the text

I live on the tenth floor of a tall apartment building. From my balcony, I can see many
things happening around my neighborhood. Right now, I am standing outside and
observing everything. The sun is shining, and the sky is blue. People are walking on the
sidewalk below. A woman is talking on her phone while holding a grocery bag. Two
children are running and laughing near the playground. Their mother is sitting on a bench
and watching them.

In front of the building, a man is washing his car. He is spraying water on the windows
and scrubbing the tires. Next to him, another man is fixing a motorbike. He is wearing
gloves and using his tools carefully.

Across the street, a group of teenagers is playing basketball. They are shouting and
passing the ball quickly. Some people are watching them and cheering. Nearby, a
delivery driver is parking his motorcycle and carrying a big box into the shop.

In the small park, an old couple is walking slowly. They are holding hands and
smiling. A girl is feeding birds with a bag of seeds. The birds are flying around and
pecking at the ground. Far away, I can see smoke coming from a food stall. Someone is
grilling satay and flipping the meat with tongs. A few customers are standing in line and

30
waiting for their food. Everything feels alive and busy. I love watching life from up here.
It helps me feel connected to the world around me.

True or False – Answer the following questions:

1. The writer lives on the 5th floor. ( T/ F )

2. A woman is talking on the phone and carrying groceries. ( T/ F )

3. The children are sleeping near the playground. ( T/ F )

4. A man is washing his motorbike in front of the building. ( T/ F )

5. Another man is fixing a car. ( T/ F )

6. Teenagers are playing basketball across the street. ( T/ F )

7. The old couple is walking fast in the park. ( T/ F )

8. A girl is feeding birds in the park. ( T/ F )

9. The food stall is closed and empty. ( T/ F )

10. The writer feels bored watching the neighborhood. ( T/ F )

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Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - information / about / learning / doing / sounds / works / writing / GPT

Man: What are you ______?

Woman: I’m ______ a report.

Man: What are you writing ______?

Woman: I’m writing about Bitcoin.

Man: Oh, that ______ interesting.

Woman: It is! I’m ______ a lot.

Man: Where are you getting your ______?

Woman: Wikipedia and Chat ______.

Man: That ______, I guess.

Conversation 2 - doing / in / TV / outside / TV / on / radio / waiting

Man: Where is mom?

Woman: She’s ______ the kitchen. She’s cooking dinner.

Man: Where’s dad?

Woman: He’s outside. He’s sitting ______ the porch. He’s ______ for dinner.

Man: What’s he ______ outside?

Woman: He’s listening to news on the ______.

Man: Why doesn’t he watch the news on ______?

Woman: The TV isn’t ______.

Man: Oh, that’s too bad. Well, it is a nice day to be ______.

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Conversation 3 - hear / doing / going / surprise / up / meal / meeting / Italian

Man: Hey, what a ______! What are you doing here?

Woman: I’m waiting for my friend. I’m ______ him for lunch.

Man: Nice! Where are you ______?

Woman: We’re going to the new ______ restaurant.

Man: Oh, I ______ it’s really good.

Woman: What about you? What are you ______? Are you shopping?

Man: Yeah. I’m picking ______ a few things, and then I’m going to the gym.

Woman: Well, have a good workout.

Man: Thanks! Enjoy your ______.

Woman: Thanks!

Conversation 4 - hurt / serious / happening / smiling / up / hit / news / lying

Man: What’s ______ outside?

Woman: I think a car ______ a man on a bike.

Man: Oh no! Is he ______?

Woman: I’m not sure. He’s ______ on the ground.

Man: Oh no. Is it ______?

Woman: No, he is getting ______ now.

Man: Well, that’s good.

Woman: He looks OK. He’s ______ and talking now.

Man: Oh, good! That’s good ______.

Listen Here :

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B. PAST (Something that already happened)

 Simple past

The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about actions or events that happened in the past.
These actions are finished or completed, not happening now.

Example: I watched a movie last night.

Uses of Simple Past

1. To describe completed actions in the past

→ She visited her grandmother yesterday.
2. To tell a story or describe a series of events
→ He woke up, brushed his teeth, and went to school.
3. To talk about facts or habits in the past
→ When I was a child, I played outside every day.

Structure (Formula)

🔹 Positive Sentence

Subject + Verb 2 (past form)

Subject Verb Example

I/You/We/They/He/She/It went I went to the market.

Note: Use the past form of the verb. (e.g., go → went, eat → ate, play → played)

🔹 Negative Sentence

Subject + did not (didn't) + Verb 1

Example

I didn’t watch TV last night.

She didn’t go to school yesterday.

Use did not + base verb (not past verb).

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🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Did + Subject + Verb 1 + ?

Example

Did you see the movie?

Did they visit their cousin?

What did she eat for lunch?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show that the Simple Past is used:

 yesterday

 last night / last week / last year

 two days ago

 in 2024 / in January

 when I was a child

 this morning (if the morning is over)

Examples

I bought a new bag last week.

She didn’t eat breakfast this morning.

Did they watch the football match yesterday?

Base Verb Past Form Base Verb Past Form

Play Played Go Went
Watch Watched Come Came
Clean Cleaned Eat Ate
Open Opened Drink Drank
Close Closed Take Took
Cook Cooked Give Gave
Wash Washed See Saw

35
 Base Verb Past Form Base Verb Past Form
Walk Walked Get Got
Dance Danced Have Had
Jump Jumped Do Did
Paint Painted Make Made
Visit Visited Find Found
Call Called Say Said
Help Helped Write Wrote
Read (pronounced
Smile Smiled Read
“red”)
Talk Talked Buy Bought
Carry Carried Bring Brought
Study Studied Meet Met
Try Tried Sleep Slept
Enjoy enjoyed Run Ran
Stay Stayed Sing Sang
Start Started Sit Sat
Move Moved Stand Stood
Want Wanted Think Thought
Live Lived Begin Began

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct past form of the verb in brackets.

1. I ______ (watch) a movie last night.

2. She ______ (go) to the supermarket yesterday.
3. They ______ (play) football after school.
4. My brother ______ (eat) all the cookies.
5. We ______ (visit) our grandmother last weekend.
6. He ______ (have) a headache in the morning.
7. Lisa ______ (clean) her room before dinner.
8. The students ______ (write) a story in class.
9. I ______ (buy) a new backpack.
10. We ______ (not go) to the park because it rained.
11. He ______ (call) his friend last night.
12. The cat ______ (sleep) on the sofa all day.

36
 13. My parents ______ (travel) to Bali last year.
14. She ______ (make) a cake for her sister’s birthday.
15. You ______ (study) for the test, didn’t you?

Choose the correct past form of the verb.

1. I ______ to the zoo last Sunday.

a) go
b) went
c) going

2. She ______ her homework after dinner.

a) do
b) did
c) does
3. They ______ football at the field.
a) played
b) play
c) playing
4. He ______ a sandwich for lunch.
a) eats
b) ate
c) eat
5. We ______ a movie last night.
a) watch
b) watched
c) watches
6. The students ______ a new song in music class.
a) sing
b) sang
c) sung
7. My mom ______ a cake for my birthday.
a) makes
b) made
c) make
8. I ______ my bike to school yesterday.
a) ride
b) rode
c) rides

37
9. She ______ a letter to her cousin.
a) write
b) wrote
c) writing

10. They ______ their hands before eating.

a) washes
b) washing
c) washed
11. We ______ at the hotel last summer.
a) stay
b) stayed
c) stays
12. He ______ to music in his room.
a) listened
b) listen
c) listening

13. My friend ______ me a gift.

a) give
b) gave
c) giving
14. The children ______ happy after the party.
a) were
b) was
c) be
15. I ______ a book about animals.
a) read (present)
b) reads
c) read (past - pronounced "red")

"Lina’s Hobby"
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the verbs in parentheses.

Lina was a girl who loved drawing. She always felt happy when she (1) ______ (draw).
Every weekend, she (2) ______ (take) her sketchbook and colored pencils to the park near
her house.

Last Saturday, she (3) ______ (wake) up early and (4) ______ (eat) a quick breakfast. Then,
she (5) ______ (put) her art tools in a small bag and (6) ______ (walk) to the park. The sun
(7) ______ (shine), and the air (8) ______ (feel) fresh.

38
At the park, she (9) ______ (sit) under a big tree and (10) ______ (start) drawing the scenery.
She (11) ______ (see) birds flying in the sky and children who (12) ______ (play) nearby.
She (13) ______ (smile) and (14) ______ (continue) her drawing.

Later, a little boy (15) ______ (come) closer and (16) ______ (ask) her what she was doing.
She (17) ______ (tell) him about her hobby, and he (18) ______ (watch) her draw with wide
eyes. Lina even (19) ______ (let) him try coloring a flower.

After an hour, Lina (20) ______ (finish) her drawing. She (21) ______ (stand) up and (22)
______ (stretch) her arms. She (23) ______ (feel) tired but very happy.

Then she (24) ______ (go) home and (25) ______ (show) the drawing to her parents, who
were very proud of her.

Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - needed / mopped / off / did / pretty / clean / washed / dirty

Man: So what ______ you do yesterday?

Woman: Nothing much, just chores. I ______ the dishes, vacuumed, and ______ the floors.

Man: Yeah, me too.

Woman: Really, are you a ______ freak?

Man: Not so much, but my place ______ a good cleaning.

Woman: Was your place ______ dirty?

Man: Yeah, it was pretty bad. But I cleaned the bathroom, picked up my ______ clothes, washed

them and emptied the rubbish, so now it looks respectable.

Woman: Yeah, you can only put things ______ for so long.

Man: That’s right.

Conversation 2 - learned / piqued / borrow / check / history / already / documentary / library

Man: What are you reading?

Woman: A ______ book about the Mayans. I just started it though.

Man: Oh cool. I just watched a ______y about them. It was fascinating.

39
Woman: Yeah, I ______ about them in college so this book ______ my interest.

Man: Is it any good?

Woman: So far so good. I ______ learned a few things I didn’t know.

Man: Well, can I ______ it when you’re finished?

Woman: I would, but I borrowed it from the ______.

Man: Ah, got it. I’ll try to ______ it out then.

Conversation 3 - mainly / check / reviewed / homework / do / paper / did / website

Man: I missed class yesterday. What did you ______ in class?

Woman: Not much. The teacher just ______ past lessons.

Man: Oh yeah? What ______ she go over?

Woman: She ______ talked about the essay assignment and how to write the ______.

Man: Did she give any ______?

Woman: Yes, but she posted it on the class ______.

Man: OK, I’ll ______ it out then. Thanks.

Conversation 4 - work / buddies / seeing / last / touch / studied / still / talked

Man: What did you do ______ night?

Woman: I just stayed home and ______ with my friends on Zoom.

Man: Friends from ______?

Woman: No, friends I ______ with in college.

Man: Oh, that’s so cool that you are ______ friends.

Woman: Well, we kind of lost ______ with each other, but we recently reunited on Facebook.

Man: I should do that with my old army ______.

Woman: You should. It’s a lot of fun. We all enjoyed ______ each other again.

Listen here :

40
 Simple past continuous

The Past Continuous Tense (also called Past Progressive) is used to describe an action that
was happening at a certain time in the past.

Example: I was studying at 8 p.m. last night.

Uses of Past Continuous

1. An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past

→ She was cooking dinner at 7 o’clock.
2. Two actions happening at the same time in the past
→ I was watching TV while my brother was playing guitar.
3. An action that was happening when another shorter action happened (interruptions)
→ They were playing football when it started to rain.
4. To describe the background of a story
→ The birds were singing, and the sun was shining

Structure

🔹 Positive Sentence:

Subject + was/were + verb-ing

Be Verb -
Subject Example
verb ing

I / He / She / It was reading She was reading a book.

You / We / They were playing

were playing
They outside.

🔹 Negative Sentence:

Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing

Example

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 Example

I was not sleeping at that time.

They were not listening to the teacher.

🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions):

Was/Were + Subject + verb-ing?

Example

Was she studying when you called?

What were they doing at 10 a.m. yesterday?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show Past Continuous Tense is needed:
 at 7 a.m. / 8 o’clock last night
 while
 when (for interruptions)
 all day yesterday
 at that moment
 during the meeting

Examples

 I was cooking dinner at 6 p.m.

 They were watching TV when I arrived.
 He wasn't sleeping during the storm.
 Were you playing video games last night?

Here are the differences between the Simple Past and the Past Continuous.

Feature Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

Definition
An action that started and finished in An action that was happening at a specific time

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 Feature Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

the past. in the past.

Focus The fact that the action happened. The process or duration of the action.

Structure Subject + Verb 2 (past form) Subject + was/were + verb-ing

Time Example Yesterday, last night, 2 days ago At 8 p.m., while, when it happened

Example She ate dinner at 7 p.m. She was eating dinner at 7 p.m.

Example I was watching a movie when the lights went

I watched a movie last night.
(Story) out.

Key Word:

 Simple Past = “What happened?”

➡I watched TV.
 Past Continuous = “What was happening at that moment?”
➡ I was watching TV when my mom came home

More Examples

🔸 Simple Past:

 They played football yesterday.

 I visited my grandma last weekend.

🔹 Past Continuous:

 They were playing football when it started to rain.

 I was visiting my grandma when my friend called.

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Practice
Instructions: Complete each sentence using the correct past continuous form of the verb in
parentheses.

1. I ______ (watch) TV when you called me.

2. They ______ (play) football at 4 p.m. yesterday.
3. She ______ (cook) dinner while I was setting the table.
4. We ______ (study) for the test last night.
5. He ______ (sleep) during the storm.
6. The children ______ (run) around the park.
7. I ______ (not/listen) to music at that time.
8. What ______ you ______ (do) at 8 o’clock?
9. My mom ______ (wash) the dishes while my dad was vacuuming.
10. They ______ (not/pay) attention in class.
11. It ______ (rain) when we left the house.
12. You ______ (drive) very fast yesterday afternoon.
13. The dog ______ (bark) all night.
14. We ______ (not/watch) the movie when you arrived.
15. The students ______ (write) in their notebooks.
16. She ______ (not/wear) her uniform yesterday.
17. Who ______ (sit) next to you at lunch?
18. I ______ (walk) to school when I saw the accident.
19. My brother ______ (draw) a picture during the lesson.
20. They ______ (have) lunch when the phone rang.

Reading Comprehension: "A Night at Hogwarts"

It was a cold and rainy night at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The wind was
blowing hard, and the trees were shaking outside the castle. Inside the Gryffindor common room,
Harry Potter was sitting near the fireplace. He was reading a book about magical creatures.

Ron Weasley was lying on the sofa. He was eating chocolate frogs and watching the fire.
Hermione Granger was sitting at a table. She was writing an essay for Professor Snape’s class. The
room was quiet except for the sound of the fire crackling.

Suddenly, the Fat Lady's portrait opened, and Neville Longbottom entered. He was carrying a
small, shaking box. “Something strange is happening!” he said. Everyone stood up quickly. Harry

44
was grabbing his wand. Hermione was closing her book. Ron was hiding the rest of his chocolate.
While Neville was talking, the box was moving in his hands. Something inside was scratching the
sides. The students were looking at it with wide eyes. “It was making noise in the hallway,” Neville
explained. “I don’t know what’s inside!”

Just then, the box opened by itself. A tiny purple creature was flying out. It had wings like a bat
and a tail like a mouse. It was flying around the room and making strange noises. While Harry was
trying to catch it with his wand, the creature was zooming through the air. It was knocking over
books and candles. Hermione was shouting spells, but nothing was working. Ron was laughing and
ducking under a chair.

Finally, Professor McGonagall entered the common room. She was holding a glowing net and
wearing her night robe. “What on earth is going on here?” she asked. Within seconds, she caught the
creature and placed it back in the box. “You were all supposed to be studying,” she said, looking at
them sternly. Everyone was quiet. The fire was still burning, and the wind was still howling outside.
But the excitement was over—at least for now.

True or False Questions

1. The story takes place on a sunny morning. ( T / F )

2. Harry was sitting near the fireplace. ( T / F )
3. Ron was writing an essay for Professor Snape. ( T / F )
4. Hermione was reading a book about magical creatures. ( T / F )
5. The Fat Lady’s portrait opened and Neville came in. ( T / F )
6. Neville was carrying a big book in his hands. ( T / F )
7. The box in Neville’s hands was shaking. ( T / F )
8. Ron was hiding chocolate frogs when Neville arrived. ( T / F )
9. The creature had wings and a long tail. ( T / F )
10. Harry caught the creature with his first spell. ( T / F )
11. The creature was flying around and breaking things. ( T / F )
12. Hermione was shouting, but her spells didn’t work. ( T / F )
13. Professor McGonagall entered with a glowing net. ( T / F )
14. The students were dancing when the professor arrived. ( T / F )
15. In the end, the students went outside to play in the rain. ( T / F )

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C. FUTURE (Things that will happen later)

Simple future

The Simple Future Tense is used to talk about something that will happen later, in the future
after now.
Example: I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.

Uses of Simple Future

1. To express a future action

→ She will start her new job next week.
2. To make predictions
→ It will rain this afternoon.
3. To make decisions at the moment of speaking
→ I’m tired. I will take a rest.
4. To make offers, promises, or suggestions
→ I will help you with your homework.

Structure (Formula)

🔹 Positive Sentence
Subject + will + base verb
→ He will go to school.

🔹 Negative Sentence
Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb
→ They will not (won’t) come to the party.

🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Will + subject + base verb?
→ Will you join us?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These time expressions are often used with Simple Future:
 tomorrow
 next (week, month, year)
 soon
 later
 in a few days
 tonight
 someday
 in the future

46
Examples

 I will travel to Bali next month.

 She won’t eat spicy food.
 Will they join the competition?
 We will study English tomorrow morning.

There are two ways to talk about the future in English: using 'will' and using 'be going to'

Both express future actions, but:

 WILL = Spontaneous Decisions / Offers / Promises / Predictions

Use “will” when you:

a. Decide something at the moment of speaking

“I'm tired. I will go to bed now.”

b. Make a promise or offer

“Don’t worry, I will help you.”

“I will call you tonight.”

c. Make a prediction (based on opinion)

“I think it will rain tomorrow.”

 BE GOING TO = Planned Actions / Predictions Based on Evidence

Use “be going to” when you:

a. Talk about something already planned or decided before now

“I am going to study medicine next year.”
“They are going to travel to Japan this summer.”

b. Make a prediction with evidence

“Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain soon.”

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 Structure Comparison

Form Structure Example

Will Subject + will + base verb

→ She will call you later.

Going to Subject + be (am/is/are) + going to + base verb

→ They are going to visit grandma.

Examples Side-by-Side

Situation WILL GOING TO

Spontaneous
I’ll answer the phone! —
decision

I’m going to see a movie

Pre-made plan —
tonight.

Opinion-based
I think she’ll win the game. —
prediction

Evidence-based
— Look! He’s going to fall!
prediction

I’ll help you with your

Promise / offer —
homework.

Summary Tip:

 Use "will" when you decide now or make a promise.

 Use "going to" when you already planned something or see clear evidence

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Practice

Instructions: Choose the correct option (will / be going to) to complete each sentence.

1. Look at those clouds! It __________ rain soon.

a) will
b) is going to
2. I think she __________ win the competition.
a) will
b) is going to
3. We __________ visit grandma this weekend. We already planned it.
a) will
b) are going to
4. I forgot my phone! Wait, I __________ get it.
a) will
b) am going to
5. She __________ be a doctor. That’s her dream.
a) will
b) is going to
6. Watch out! You __________ fall!
a) will
b) are going to
7. They __________ paint the house next week. It’s already scheduled.
a) will
b) are going to
8. He’s tired. He __________ take a nap.
a) will
b) is going to
9. A: "Who will carry these bags?"
B: "Don’t worry, I __________."
a) will
b) am going to
10. We __________ have a test tomorrow. The teacher told us.
a) will
b) are going to

49
11. I think it __________ be a great movie.
a) will
b) is going to
12. They __________ get married next month. The invitations are ready.
a) will
b) are going to
13. A: “What do you want to drink?”
B: “I __________ have a glass of orange juice.”
a) will
b) am going to
14. She __________ bake a cake. All the ingredients are ready.
a) will
b) is going to
15. My parents __________ buy a new car next year. It’s in their plan.
a) will
b) are going to
16. I’m not sure if I __________ join the trip.
a) will
b) am going to
17. The baby is crying. I __________ pick her up.
a) will
b) am going to
18. They __________ move to a new city. They already found an apartment.
a) will
b) are going to
19. Don’t worry. I __________ help you with the homework.
a) will
b) am going to
20. Be careful! The glass __________ break!
a) will
b) is going to

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Reading Comprehension: "Lisa’s Weekend Plans" (Simple Future Tense)

Fill in the blanks using the Simple Future Tense:

Use either will or be going to + base verb, depending on the sentence context.

Lisa is a student who loves planning her weekends. This Friday night, she (1) ______ (visit) her cousin in
the city. They (2) ______ (have) dinner at a new restaurant near the mall. After that, they (3) ______
(watch) a movie together.

On Saturday morning, Lisa (4) ______ (wake) up early. She (5) ______ (go) to the park because she
wants to jog. Her friend, Emma, (6) ______ (join) her for the run. After jogging, they (7) ______ (drink)
smoothies at a nearby café.

In the afternoon, Lisa and her mom (8) ______ (go) shopping for groceries. Lisa (9) ______ (help) her
mom carry the bags. They (10) ______ (cook) a big dinner for the family in the evening.

On Sunday, Lisa (11) ______ (study) for her math test. She (12) ______ (read) her textbook and (13)
______ (complete) her homework. She also (14) ______ (review) vocabulary for her English quiz. Later,
she (15) ______ (call) her classmate to ask about the assignment.

At night, Lisa (16) ______ (relax) by reading a novel. Her brother (17) ______ (watch) a football game
on TV, but Lisa (18) ______ (not join) him because she needs to sleep early.

Next week, she (19) ______ (feel) ready and confident for school because she (20) ______ (prepare) well
over the weekend.

Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - start / time / next / same / hear / class / still / take

Man: How is your French ______?
Woman: Good, but it will finish ______ week.
Man: Oh, will you ______ the next course?
Woman: No, I can’t. I won’t have ______.
Man: I’m surprised to ______ that. You love that class.
Woman: I do, but I will ______ a new job next week. The class and my job will be at the
______ time.
Man: That's too bad!
Woman: It’s OK. I will ______ study on my own.
Man: That’s the spirit!

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Conversation 2 - make / come / company / go / alone / has / start / alone
Man: The ______ picnic is the 18th. Will you be there?
Woman: Yes, I think I’ll go. What time does it ______?
Man: It will begin at 12 and will ______ until 5.
Woman: OK, I’ll try to ______ it. Will your wife be there?
Man: No, she won’t be there this year. She ______ to work.
Woman: Oh, that’s too bad. My husband won’t ______, either. He's out of town.
Man: So, will you come ______?
Woman: No, I will ______ my kids. They love the free food.
Man: My kids too. I am sure they will eat a lot!
Woman: Mine, too.

Conversation 3 - will / Where / choice / maybe / stay / How / opened / break

Man: Where will you go for the summer ______?
Woman: I ______ go to the beach with my family.
Man: That sounds fun. ______ long will you be there?
Woman: We won't stay long, ______ two or three days.
Man: Nice. ______ will you stay?
Woman: We will ______ at the new hotel. It just ______!
Man: Nice ______. I hear it’s really beautiful.

Listen here :

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 PARTS OF SPEECH

Parts of Speech (Jenis Kata dalam Bahasa Inggris)

1. Noun – kata benda

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples: teacher, book, school, cat, happiness
Sentence: The teacher is in the classroom.

2. Pronoun – kata ganti

Pronoun (Kata Ganti)

a pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.

Instead of saying the name again and again, we use a pronoun.

Examples:
– This is Lina. Lina is kind.
→ This is Lina. She is kind.

Types of Pronouns

1. Subject Pronouns (sebagai pelaku dalam kalimat):

Subject Pronoun Meaning (in Bahasa)
I saya/aku
You kamu/anda
He dia (laki-laki)
She dia (perempuan)
It itu (benda/hewan)
We kami/kita
They mereka

Example Sentences:

 I am happy.
 She is a teacher.
 They are students.

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2. Object Pronouns (sebagai penerima tindakan):
Object Pronoun Meaning (in Bahasa)
Me saya/aku (objek)
You kamu/anda
Him dia (laki-laki)
Her dia (perempuan)
It Itu
Us kami/kita (objek)
Them mereka

Example Sentences:

 She helps me.

 I see him every day.
 They invite us to the party.

3. Possessive Adjectives (menunjukkan kepemilikan):

Possessive Adj Meaning
My milik saya
Your Milikmu
His milik dia (laki-laki)
Her milik dia (perempuan)
Its milik benda/hewan
Our milik kami
Their milik mereka

Example Sentences:

 This is my bag.
 That is his bike.
 Their house is big.

Keyword:

 I am a teacher. → subject
 She helps me. → object
 That is my book. → possessive

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3. Verb – kata kerja
A verb shows action or state.
Examples: run, eat, sleep, is, are
Sentence: They play football.

4. Adjective – kata sifat

An adjective describes a noun.
Examples: big, small, happy, blue
Sentence: This is a big house.

5. Adverb – kata keterangan

An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: quickly, very, well, slowly
Sentence: She sings beautifully.

6. Preposition – kata depan

A preposition shows position, place, or time.
Examples: in, on, at, under, beside, with
Sentence: The bag is under the table.

7. Conjunction – kata sambung

A conjunction connects words or sentences.
Examples: and, but, or, because
Sentence: I like tea and coffee.

8. Interjection – kata seru

An interjection is a short word that shows emotion.
Examples: Wow! Oh! Ouch! Hey!
Sentence: Wow! That’s amazing!

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Practice

1. Match the word to the part of speech:

– slowly → ______
– teacher → ______
– and → ______
– under → ______
– she → ______

2. Identify the parts of speech in this sentence:

He runs quickly and jumps high.
(He = ___, runs = ___, quickly = ___, and = ___, jumps = ___, high = ___)

3. Fill in the blanks:

a. The ______ (noun) is red.
b. I ______ (verb) at 7 a.m.
c. She is ______ (adjective).
d. We play ______ (adverb).

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 PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the object that receives the action, not the
person doing it.

Instead of saying "Someone does something", we say "Something is done (by someone)."

Structure of Passive Voice

1. Present Simple Passive

is / are + past participle (Verb 3)

 The homework is done by me.

 The letters are sent every day.
 Rice is cooked in the kitchen.

2. Past Simple Passive

was / were + past participle (Verb 3)

 The homework was done yesterday.

 The door was opened by John.
 The books were taken by the students.

When to Use Passive Voice

Use passive voice when:

 You don’t know who did the action.
→ My phone was stolen.
 You don’t want to say who did it.
→ The cake was eaten.
 The action is more important than the subject.
→ The building was built in 1990.

Passive Voice Examples

Active Voice Passive Voice

She cleans the room. The room is cleaned.
He wrote the letter. The letter was written.
They make cakes. Cakes are made.
Someone broke the glass. The glass was broken.

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Practice

Complete the sentences using the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. Use
either Simple Present or Simple Past tense, depending on the time clue in the sentence.

1. English __________ (speak) all over the world.

2. The homework __________ (finish) by the students yesterday.
3. The flowers __________ (water) every morning.
4. That song __________ (sing) by a famous artist last year.
5. Letters __________ (deliver) by the postman every day.
6. A new school __________ (build) in our town last year.
7. This book __________ (write) by J.K. Rowling.
8. The window __________ (break) last night.
9. The floor __________ (clean) every afternoon.
10. The cookies __________ (eat) by the children yesterday.
11. Many cars __________ (make) in Japan.
12. The museum __________ (visit) by many tourists last month.
13. The trash __________ (take out) every morning.
14. That movie __________ (not like) by many people.
15. The room __________ (paint) last weekend.
16. The test __________ (correct) by the teacher now.
17. A birthday card __________ (send) to my grandma yesterday.
18. Meals __________ (serve) at this hotel three times a day.
19. The books __________ (not return) to the library last week.
20. The invitations __________ (give) to all the students.

Practice II

Choose the correct passive voice form to complete each sentence.

1. The homework _____ every day.

a) is finish
b) is finished
c) was finished

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2. That letter _____ by my friend yesterday.
a) was written
b) is written
c) writes
3. English _____ in many countries.
a) is spoken
b) speaks
c) was spoken
4. The cake _____ by my mother last night.
a) bakes
b) is baked
c) was baked
5. These books _____ in the library.
a) are kept
b) were kept
c) is kept
6. The movie _____ by a lot of people last weekend.
a) is watched
b) was watched
c) watches
7. Rice _____ in Asia.
a) was grown
b) grows
c) is grown
8. The house _____ in 2001.
a) builds
b) was built
c) is built

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9. The emails _____ every morning.
a) are sent
b) were sent
c) is sending
10. The window _____ yesterday by the boys.
a) was broken
b) is broken
c) breaks
11. Milk _____ from cows.
a) is got
b) is gotten
c) is obtained
12. The song _____ at the concert last night.
a) is sung
b) was sung
c) sings
13. The letters _____ to the manager now.
a) were delivered
b) are delivered
c) is delivered
14. All the lights _____ off last night.
a) are turned
b) is turned
c) were turned
15. Newspapers _____ every morning.
a) are read
b) were read
c) read

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16. The museum _____ by tourists last weekend.
a) is visited
b) visits
c) was visited
17. Many laptops _____ in China.
a) are made
b) is made
c) were made
18. The floor _____ every afternoon.
a) is cleaned
b) was cleaned
c) cleans
19. The invitation _____ yesterday.
a) is sent
b) was sent
c) sends
20. The documents _____ carefully by the secretary.
a) is checked
b) are checked
c) checked

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 BASIC VOCABLARIES FOR BEGINNERS

H. Time Expressions (Pengenalan waktu)

Time expressions are words or phrases that tell when something happens — in the past, present, or
future.
 Common Time Expressions
Seven days a week

Monday : Senin Friday : Jumat

Tuesday : Selasa Saturday : Sabtu

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 Wednesday : Rabu Sunday : Minggu

Thursday : Kamis

The 12 Months

January : Januari July : Juli

February : Februari August : August

March : Maret September : September

April : April October : Oktober

May : Mei November : November

June : Juni December : Desember

English Meaning Example Sentence

Today Hari ini I study English today.
Tomorrow Besok She will go to school tomorrow.
Yesterday Kemarin We played football yesterday.
Now Sekarang He is eating now.
This morning Pagi ini I drank milk this morning.
Last night Tadi malam They watched TV last night.
Every day Setiap hari I brush my teeth every day.
At night Di malam hari I sleep at night.
In the morning Di pagi hari She runs in the morning.
Next week Minggu depan We will have a test next week.

Tenses & Time Expressions

 Present Simple → every day, in the morning

 Past Simple → yesterday, last night
 Future (will/going to) → tomorrow, next week

Latihan (Exercises)

3. Fill in the blanks:

f. I go to school _____.
g. We will go to the zoo _____.
h. She watched a movie _____
i. National exams are usually in _______.

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 j. We celebrate New Year in _______.

4. Translate these into English:

a. Saya makan pagi ini = __________
b. Kami belajar bahasa Inggris kemarin = __________
c. Dia akan pergi minggu depan = _________
d. Saya lahir di bulan November = __________
e. Libur sekolah dimulai bulan Desember

I. SEASONS AND FREQUENCY

There are four seasons in English:

5. Spring – The weather is warm, and flowers bloom.

6. Summer – It is hot and sunny. People go to the beach.
7. Autumn (or Fall) – Leaves change color and fall. The weather becomes cool.
8. Winter – It is cold. In some countries, it snows.

Example Sentences
 I like summer because I can swim.
 In winter, we wear warm clothes.
 Spring is my favorite season.
 Leaves fall from trees in autumn.

Practice

4. What is your favorite season? Why?

5. Make 3 simple sentences using the names of different seasons.
6. Translate this sentence into English:
Saya suka musim dingin karena saya suka salju→ ____________________________________
Saya suka musim panas. → ____________________________________
Musim dingin sangat dingin. → ____________________________________
Daun jatuh di musim gugur. → ____________________________________
Bunga bermekaran di musim semi. → ____________________________________

J. Frequency Expressions

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These words show how often you do something.

Common Frequency Words

 Always – all the time (selalu)

 Usually – almost always (biasanya)
 Often – many times (sering)
 Sometimes – not always (kadang - kadang)
 Seldom – not often (jarang)
 Never – not at all (tidak pernah)

Example Sentences
 I always wake up at 6 a.m.
 She usually drinks milk in the morning.
 We often play games after school.
 He sometimes eats vegetables.
 They seldom watch TV.
 I never smoke.
Note: These words usually go before the main verb.

Practice

3. Write 3 sentences about your daily routine using: always, sometimes, and never.
4. Translate into English:
a. Saya biasanya bangun jam 6 pagi.
b. Dia tidak pernah makan mie instan.
c. Kami sering belajar bersama.

K. Daily Routines

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 daily routine is a list of activities you do every day, usually in the same order. For example:
waking up, brushing your teeth, going to school, etc.

Common Daily Activities

Here are some examples of daily routine activities:

– Wake up :
– Take a shower:
– Brush my teeth :
– Get dressed :
– Eat breakfast :
– Go to school :
– Study :
– Eat lunch :
– Do homework :
– Play with friends :
– Watch TV :
– Eat dinner :
– Go to bed :

Example Sentences

 I wake up at 6 a.m.
 I take a shower and brush my teeth.
 I go to school at 7 o’clock.
 I eat lunch at 12 noon.
 I do my homework in the afternoon.
 I go to bed at 9 p.m.

Use present simple tense to talk about your routine.

Practice

1. Write 5 sentences about your daily routine. Use time expressions like: in the morning, in the
afternoon, at night.
Example: I eat breakfast at 7 a.m. in the morning.

2. Arrange the daily activities in the correct order:

a. Go to school
b. Wake up

66
 c. Eat lunch
d. Brush teeth
e. Sleep

3. Translate into English:

a. Saya bangun jam 6 pagi = __________
b. Saya belajar setelah makan siang = __________
c. Saya tidur jam 9 malam = __________

Reading Text

Hello! My name is Dita. I am 12 years old. I live in Jakarta with my family. I go to school from
Monday to Friday.

Every day, I wake up at 5:30 a.m. I make my bed and brush my teeth. Then, I take a shower and get
dressed. I wear my school uniform. After that, I eat breakfast with my family. My favorite breakfast is
fried rice and egg.

At 6:45 a.m., I go to school by bicycle. I arrive at school at 7:00 a.m. and study until 1:00 p.m. My
favorite subject is English because I love learning new words. After school, I go home and eat lunch.

In the afternoon, I do my homework and help my mother wash the dishes. Sometimes I play with
my little brother. At 6:30 p.m., we eat dinner together. After dinner, I watch TV or read a book. I go to
bed at 9:00 p.m.

That is my daily routine. What about you?

Comprehension Questions
Multiple Choice – Choose the correct answer:

6. What time does Dita wake up?

a. 5:00 a.m.
b. 5:30 a.m.
c. 6:30 a.m.
7. How does Dita go to school?
a. By car
b. By bus
c. By bicycle
8. What does Dita do after dinner?
a. She sleeps immediately
b. She reads a book or watches TV
c. She studies until midnight
9. What is Dita’s favorite school subject?
a. Science
b. Math
c. English
10. What time does dita go to sleep?
a. 9.00 a.m
b. 10.00 p.m

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 c. 9.00 p.m

True or False

6. Dita goes to school on Saturday. → _______

7. She eats breakfast alone. → _______
8. She helps her mother after school. → _______
9. Dita sleeps at 9 p.m. → _______
10. Dita Favorite dishes is noodle → _______

Short Answer Questions

6. What does Dita eat for breakfast?

→ _________________________________
7. What does she do in the afternoon?
→ _________________________________
8. What time does she eat dinner?
→ _________________________________
9. What does she do before sleeping?
→ _________________________________
10. What does she do to help her mom?
→ _________________________________

L. Adjective (kata sifat)

An adjective is a word that describes or gives more information about a noun (a person, a
place, a thing, or an idea).

Adjectives help us know:

 What kind? → a beautiful girl
 How many? → three books
 Which one? → that house
 What color? → a blue car

Think of adjectives as "describing words”

They tell us what something or someone is like.

Examples of Adjectives in Sentences:

6. The cat is small.

7. I have a new bag.
8. She is happy today.
9. That is a funny movie.
10. We live in a big house.

Types of Adjectives (Simple):

Type Example

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 Type Example
Describing size big, small, tall, short
Describing color red, blue, green, black
Describing feelings happy, sad, tired, angry
Describing shape round, square, long
Describing quality nice, kind, smart, funny
Number one, two, three, many

Where do adjectives go in a sentence?

3. Before a noun
→ I have a blue pen.
→ She wears a pretty dress.
4. After ‘to be’ verbs (is, am, are, was, were)
→ The book is interesting.
→ They are tired

Quick Test:

Which word is the adjective?

– The sky is blue.
– She has a small dog.
– I am hungry.

Speaking Practice

Topic: Adjectives (Describing People & Things)

Level: Basic English

d. Describe a Person

e. Answer the questions out loud:

6. Are you tall or short?
7. What is your hair like? (long/short, curly/straight?)
8. Is your friend funny or quiet?
9. Who is beautiful in your family?
10. Is your teacher kind?

f. Mini Task: Describe 1 Person and 1 Object

Speak 3–5 sentences about:
3. Your favorite dishes
4. A thing you have (like a bag, bike, toy, etc.)

M. Material (Benda)
Common Materials in English:

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  Wood – Wood comes from trees.
Example: The table is made of wood.

 Plastic – A light and cheap material.

Example: My water bottle is plastic.

 Metal – A strong and shiny material.

Example: That chair has metal legs.

 Glass – A clear material that can break easily.

Example: The window is made of glass.

 Paper – A thin material used for writing or drawing.

Example: I write on paper.

 Cotton – A soft material used for clothes.

Example: This shirt is made of cotton.

 Wool – A warm material from sheep.

Example: My sweater is made of wool.

 Leather – A strong material from animal skin.

Example: He wears leather shoes.

 Stone – A hard natural material.

Example: The road is made of stone.

 Rubber – A flexible and soft material.

Example: Tires are made of rubber.

Practice Activities

1. Answer the questions:

– What is your school bag made of?

– What is your table made of?
– Do you have anything made of cotton?

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 2. Match items with materials:

– Shirt → ______
– Window → ______
– Book → ______
– Shoes → ______

3. Make 3 sentences using material words.

Example:
– My bag is made of leather.
– The door is made of wood.
– I have a cotton T-shirt

N. Around The House

Common Places in the House

 Living room – We watch TV in the living room.

 Bedroom – I sleep in my bedroom.
 Kitchen – My mom cooks in the kitchen.
 Bathroom – I brush my teeth in the bathroom.
 Dining room – We eat together in the dining room.
 Garage – We park the car in the garage.
 Yard / Garden – The kids play in the yard.

Common Objects in the House

 Chair – I sit on the chair.

 Table – We eat on the table.
 Bed – I sleep on the bed.
 Couch / Sofa – The family sits on the sofa.
 TV – We watch TV at night.
 Fridge – There is milk in the fridge.
 Mirror – I look in the mirror.
 Lamp – The lamp is on the table.
 Door – Please open the door.
 Window – The window is open.

Practice

1. Answer the questions:

– Where do you sleep?
– Where do you eat dinner?
– What is in your living room?

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2. Complete the sentences:
– I cook in the ________.
– There is a bed in the ________.
– My father watches TV in the ________.

3. Speaking practice:
– Describe your bedroom.
– What do you see in your kitchen?

4. Look at the picture below, then write the name of each object under the correct room

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G. Chores and Cleaning (Pekerjaan rumah)

Common House Chores

 Sweep the floor – I sweep the floor every morning.

 Mop the floor – My sister mops the floor on weekends.
 Wash the dishes – I wash the dishes after dinner.
 Do the laundry – My mom does the laundry on Sundays.
 Make the bed – I make my bed after waking up.
 Take out the trash – My brother takes out the trash at night.
 Clean the bathroom – We clean the bathroom every Saturday.
 Dust the furniture – I dust the table and shelves.
 Water the plants – She waters the plants every day.
 Iron the clothes – My dad irons his shirts.

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Example Sentences

 I help my parents at home.

 I do the laundry and wash the dishes.
 She always makes her bed.
 He takes out the trash every night.
 We clean the house on the weekend.

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 Practice

1. Answer the questions:

– What chores do you do at home?
– Who usually washes the dishes in your family?
– Do you like cleaning?

2. Complete the sentences:

– I ______ the floor every morning.
– My sister ______ the bed after waking up.
– We ______ the trash before going to bed.

3. Make 3 sentences about your house chores.

H. Clothes & Accessories (Pakaian & Aksesoris)

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 Common Clothes Vocabulary

 Shirt – I wear a shirt to school.

 T-shirt – He wears a red T-shirt.
 Pants / Trousers – My father wears black pants.
 Skirt – My sister wears a long skirt.
 Dress – She wears a beautiful dress.
 Jacket – I need a jacket when it’s cold.
 Coat – He wears a coat in winter.
 Shorts – I wear shorts at home.
 Shoes – I wear shoes to school.
 Sandals – She wears sandals at the beach.
 Socks – I wear socks with my shoes.
 Hat – He wears a hat under the sun.
 Scarf – I wear a scarf when it’s cold.
 Uniform – We wear a uniform at school.

Colors + Clothes
You can combine color + clothing item to describe:
 A blue dress
 A white shirt
 Black shoes
 A red jacket

Examples:
– She wears a pink dress.
– He has brown shoes.
– I like my green T-shirt.

Practice

1. What are you wearing now?

Example: I am wearing a blue T-shirt and black pants.

2. Fill in the blanks:

– I wear a ______ to school.
– He wears a ______ in winter.
– She wears a ______ when it’s hot.

3. Speaking Practice:
Describe your favorite outfit.
Example: My favorite outfit is a red hoodie and jeans.

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I. Appearance (Penampilan)
Words to Describe Appearance

1. Height
– Tall
– Short
– Medium height
Example: She is tall. He is short.

2. Body Type
– Slim
– Fat
– Chubby
– Thin
Example: My friend is slim. That cat is chubby.

3. Hair
– Long hair
– Short hair
– Curly hair
– Straight hair
– Black hair, brown hair, blonde hair
Example: She has long black hair. He has short curly hair.

4. Skin Tone
– Light skin
– Dark skin
– Tan skin
Example: He has tan skin. She has light skin.

5. Other Features
– Beautiful
– Handsome
– Cute
– Old
– Young
Example: My grandma is old but beautiful. He is a handsome boy.

Sentence Patterns

 She is tall and slim.

 He has short black hair.
 My friend is young and cute.
 They have curly brown hair.
 I am short but strong.

Use "is / am / are" for adjectives, and "has / have" for hair or other body parts.

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 Practice

1. Answer these questions:

– Are you tall or short?
– What kind of hair do you have?
– Is your friend slim or chubby?

2. Complete the sentences:

– She is ______ and ______.
– He has ______ hair.
– I am ______ and I have ______ skin.

3. Describe a person you know (in 3–5 sentences):

Example: My sister is tall and slim. She has long straight hair. She is beautiful.

J. Verbs (Kata Kerja)

A verb is a word that shows action or something someone does.
Think of verbs as "doing words".

Common Verbs For Beginners

 Eat – I Eat Rice.
 Drink – She Drinks Milk.
 Go – We Go To School.
 Come – He Comes Home At 5 P.M.
 Run – They Run Fast.
 Walk – I Walk To The Market.
 Read – I Read A Book.
 Write – She Writes Her Name.
 Sleep – The Baby Sleeps.
 Study – I Study English.
 Play – We Play Football.
 Watch – They Watch TV.
 Open – Please Open The Door.
 Close – He Closes The Window.
 Sing – She Sings Well.
 Dance – I Like To Dance.

Sentence Patterns (Present Simple)

 I eat breakfast every day.
 She reads a book.
 They play in the park.
 He watches TV at night.
 We study English at school.

Add -s or -es for he, she, it in present tense:

He plays, she watches, it runs

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 Practice

1. Fill in the blanks:

– I ______ a story.
– She ______ to school at 7 a.m.
– They ______ milk in the morning.
– We ______ football after school.

2. Answer the questions:

– What do you do every morning?
– What does your friend do after school?

3. Write 5 sentences using different verbs.

Example: I read. She runs. We play games.

K. Family and Relations (Keluarga dan kerabat)

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Here are common family words:
 Father – My father is kind.
 Mother – I love my mother.
 Parents – My parents cook dinner.
 Brother – I have one brother.
 Sister – My sister is younger than me.
 Son – He has a son.
 Daughter – She is their daughter.
 Baby – The baby is sleeping.
 Grandpa (Grandfather) – My grandpa lives with us.
 Grandma (Grandmother) – My grandma makes cookies.
 Uncle – My uncle is funny.
 Aunt – My aunt has two cats.
 Cousin – My cousin and I go to the same school.
 Nephew – He is my nephew.
 Niece – She is my niece.

Describing Relationships

 He is my father.
 She is my sister.
 I am her son.
 We are cousins.
 My uncle is my mother’s brother.
 My aunt is my father's sister.

Example Sentences

 I have one sister and two brothers.

 My mother is a teacher.
 Her grandma is 70 years old.
 This is my family. We are happy.
 My cousin lives in another city.

Practice

1. Fill in the blanks:

– My ______ is my mom’s father.
– She is my uncle’s daughter. She is my ______.
– My ______ cooks delicious food. (Hint: mother or father)

2. Answer the questions:

– How many people are in your family?
– Do you have a brother or sister?
– Who is your favorite family member?

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3. Make 5 sentences about your family.

GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNER

A. Tenses ( kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu)

A tense is a form of the verb that allows you to express time. We use different verb forms to talk
about the time when something happens.
In full grammar, there are 12 main tenses in English. But as a beginner we don’t need to learn all
at once

Here are the 12 tenses (for reference):

Time Tense Name

Present Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous

Basic Tenses: Now – Past – Future

1. Now
 Simple Present
The Simple Present is used to talk about things we do regularly, facts, or things that are
always true.
Uses of Simple Present
5. Daily routines / habits
→ I brush my teeth every morning.
6. General truths / facts
→ The sun rises in the east.

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 7. Schedules / timetables
→ The train leaves at 7 a.m.
8. Feelings, likes, opinions
→ She likes chocolate.
Structure
Positive Sentence (Affirmative)

Subject + Verb 1 (base form)

➕ For he, she, it, add -s or -es to the verb.

Subject Verb Example

I/You/We/They Play I play football.

He/She/It Plays She plays football.

Negative Sentence

Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1

Subject Helping Verb Verb Example

I/You/We/They do not (don’t) play They don’t play tennis.

He/She/It does not (doesn’t) play He doesn’t play tennis.

Do/does changes, not the main verb

Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + ?

Helping Verb Subject Verb Example

Do you/we/they like Do you like apples?

Does he/she/it eat Does she eat vegetables?

Again, do/does changes — the main verb stays in base form.

Time Expressions Common in Simple Present

 every day / every week

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 always / usually / sometimes / never
 on Mondays / at night / in the morning

Examples

Type Sentence

Positive He drinks water every morning.

Negative She doesn’t like coffee.

Question Do you study English every day?

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:

6. She ______ (go) to school every day.

7. They ______ (not/play) football on Sundays.
8. ______ you ______ (like) ice cream?
9. My brother ______ (watch) TV in the evening.
10. The cat ______ (sleep) on the sofa.

Choose the correct answer:

11. He ______ to the gym every morning.

a. go
b. goes
c. going

12. ______ she cook dinner every night?

a. Does
b. Do
c. Is

13. I ______ coffee in the morning.

a. drinks
b. drinking
c. drink

14. They ______ study English on weekends.

a. doesn’t
b. don’t
c. not

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 15. What time ______ the train arrive?
a. do
b. is
c. does

"A Trip to the Mountains"

My name is Adit. I love nature and fresh air. Every weekend, I go to the mountains with my
cousin, Dika. We like spending time outdoors. We usually leave the house early in the morning. I wear
my hiking boots and carry a backpack. Dika brings snacks, water, and a camera. We take the bus to a
small village near the mountain.

When we arrive, we start walking up the hill. The road is long, but the view is beautiful. We see
trees, flowers, and birds. Sometimes, we see monkeys in the trees. They jump from one branch to another.
We walk slowly and talk while we hike. We take short breaks when we are tired. Dika likes to take
pictures of the forest and animals. I like to sit on a rock and enjoy the sound of the wind.

At the top of the mountain, we eat our snacks and drink water. We look at the view. The village
looks small from up there. The sky is blue, and the air is [Link] never leave trash in the forest. We put
everything back in our bags. We respect nature and try to keep it [Link] the afternoon, we walk back
down. We feel tired but happy. I always smile when I go to the mountains. It is my favorite activity

Comprehension Questions:

11. What is the boy’s name?

12. Who goes with him to the mountains?
13. What day do they usually go?
14. What does Adit wear for the trip?
15. How do they go to the mountain village?
16. What animals do they sometimes see?
17. What does Dika bring in his backpack?
18. What does Adit like to do on a rock?
19. What do they do at the top of the mountain?
20. Do they leave trash in the forest?

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Lesson 1 – Present Simple

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - enjoy / car / What / company / new / Where / How / design

Man: ______ do you do?

Woman: I work at a tech ______.

Man: Oh, what do you do there?

Woman: I ______ software.

Man: Do you like your job?

Woman: Yeah, I ______ it.

Man: ______ is your office?

Woman: I work at the ______ office downtown.

Man: ______ do you get to work?

Woman: I take the bus. I don’t have a ______.

Man: Same here!

Conversation 2 - running / home / belong / like / exercise / swim / soccer / near

Man: Do you ______ to a gym?

Woman: Yes, I go to the gym ______ my house.

Man: What do you do at the gym? How do you ______?

Woman: On Monday and Tuesday I do yoga, and the gym has a pool, so I sometimes

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______.

Man: Oh, I do yoga too! I do it at ______ though. I watch videos online.

Woman: Oh, you don’t belong to a gym?

Man: No, I don’t ______ gyms. For exercise, I jog in the park, or play ______ with friends.

Woman: Oh, that works. I love ______ in the park.

Man: Cool! Let’s jog together sometime.

Woman: I’d like that!

Conversation 3 - difficult / sell / teach / long / teach / both / business / estate

Man: What do your parents do?

Woman: They ______ work in sales.

Man: Oh, what do they ______?

Woman: They sell houses. They have a real ______ company.

Man: That’s a ______ job.

Woman: It is. They work ______ hours, but they like it. What about your parents?

Man: They’re ______. They teach at the university.

Woman: Oh, what do they ______?

Man: They both teach ______

Listening on line here:

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  Simple Present Continous

The Present Continuous (also called Present Progressive) is used to talk about actions
happening right now or around this moment.

Example: I am studying English now.

Uses of Present Continuous

4. Actions happening right now

→ She is talking on the phone.
5. Temporary actions
→ I am living in Medan for a few months.
6. Future arrangements (planned activities)
→ We are meeting our teacher tomorrow.

Structure (Formula)

Positive Sentence:
🔹 Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

Subject Be Verb Verb -ing Example

I am reading I am reading a book.
He/She/It is sleeping She is sleeping.
You/We/They are playing They are playing football.

Negative Sentence:
🔹 Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing
Example
I am not watching TV.
He is not studying now.
We are not eating dinner.

Interrogative Sentence (Questions):

🔹 Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing + ?

Example

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 Example

Are you doing your homework?

Is she singing a song?
What are they watching on TV?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show that we use Present Continuous:
 now
 right now
 at the moment
 today
 look!
 listen!
 this week / this month
 currently

Examples

 I am studying English now.

 She is cleaning the house at the moment.
 They are watching a movie tonight.

Practice

Fill the blanks using the right simple present tense

11. I __________ (do) my homework now.

12. She __________ (read) a book in the living room.

13. They __________ (play) football in the park.

14. We __________ (watch) a movie at the moment.

15. He __________ (sleep) on the sofa.

16. My friends __________ (wait) for me outside.

17. You __________ (listen) to music right now.

18. The baby __________ (cry) loudly.

19. I __________ (not eat) dinner now.

20. What __________ you __________ (do) right now?

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

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16. She ______ to music right now.
a) listens
b) is listening
c) listening

17. I ______ a letter at the moment.

a) am writing
b) write
c) writing

18. They ______ TV in the living room.

a) are watch
b) watching
c) are watching

19. We ______ our homework now.

a) is doing
b) are doing
c) do

20. He ______ dinner with his family.

a) is having
b) has
c) having

21. Look! The dog ______ in the yard.

a) is run
b) runs
c) is running

22. I ______ to the teacher. Please be quiet.

a) listen
b) am listening
c) listening

23. What ______ you ______ right now?

a) are / do
b) do / do
c) are / doing

24. My brother ______ a shower now.

a) is taking
b) takes
c) take

25. The children ______ in the playground.

a) are play
b) are playing
c) play

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26. She ______ a red dress today.
a) wears
b) wearing
c) is wearing

27. You ______ your keys again!

a) are lose
b) are losing
c) lose

28. I ______ English this week.

a) am studying
b) study
c) studies

29. We ______ to the market.

a) go
b) are going
c) going

30. The teacher ______ a story to the class.

a) tells
b) is telling
c) telling

Reading Comprehension

Read the text carefully. Then, answer the questions below by writing True or False based on
the information in the text

I live on the tenth floor of a tall apartment building. From my balcony, I can see many
things happening around my neighborhood. Right now, I am standing outside and
observing everything. The sun is shining, and the sky is blue. People are walking on the
sidewalk below. A woman is talking on her phone while holding a grocery bag. Two
children are running and laughing near the playground. Their mother is sitting on a bench
and watching them.

In front of the building, a man is washing his car. He is spraying water on the windows
and scrubbing the tires. Next to him, another man is fixing a motorbike. He is wearing
gloves and using his tools carefully.

Across the street, a group of teenagers is playing basketball. They are shouting and
passing the ball quickly. Some people are watching them and cheering. Nearby, a
delivery driver is parking his motorcycle and carrying a big box into the shop.

In the small park, an old couple is walking slowly. They are holding hands and
smiling. A girl is feeding birds with a bag of seeds. The birds are flying around and
pecking at the ground. Far away, I can see smoke coming from a food stall. Someone is
grilling satay and flipping the meat with tongs. A few customers are standing in line and

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waiting for their food. Everything feels alive and busy. I love watching life from up here.
It helps me feel connected to the world around me.

True or False – Answer the following questions:

11. The writer lives on the 5th floor. ( T/ F )

12. A woman is talking on the phone and carrying groceries. ( T/ F )

13. The children are sleeping near the playground. ( T/ F )

14. A man is washing his motorbike in front of the building. ( T/ F )

15. Another man is fixing a car. ( T/ F )

16. Teenagers are playing basketball across the street. ( T/ F )

17. The old couple is walking fast in the park. ( T/ F )

18. A girl is feeding birds in the park. ( T/ F )

19. The food stall is closed and empty. ( T/ F )

20. The writer feels bored watching the neighborhood. ( T/ F )

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Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - information / about / learning / doing / sounds / works / writing / GPT

Man: What are you ______?

Woman: I’m ______ a report.

Man: What are you writing ______?

Woman: I’m writing about Bitcoin.

Man: Oh, that ______ interesting.

Woman: It is! I’m ______ a lot.

Man: Where are you getting your ______?

Woman: Wikipedia and Chat ______.

Man: That ______, I guess.

Conversation 2 - doing / in / TV / outside / TV / on / radio / waiting

Man: Where is mom?

Woman: She’s ______ the kitchen. She’s cooking dinner.

Man: Where’s dad?

Woman: He’s outside. He’s sitting ______ the porch. He’s ______ for dinner.

Man: What’s he ______ outside?

Woman: He’s listening to news on the ______.

Man: Why doesn’t he watch the news on ______?

Woman: The TV isn’t ______.

Man: Oh, that’s too bad. Well, it is a nice day to be ______.

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Conversation 3 - hear / doing / going / surprise / up / meal / meeting / Italian

Man: Hey, what a ______! What are you doing here?

Woman: I’m waiting for my friend. I’m ______ him for lunch.

Man: Nice! Where are you ______?

Woman: We’re going to the new ______ restaurant.

Man: Oh, I ______ it’s really good.

Woman: What about you? What are you ______? Are you shopping?

Man: Yeah. I’m picking ______ a few things, and then I’m going to the gym.

Woman: Well, have a good workout.

Man: Thanks! Enjoy your ______.

Woman: Thanks!

Conversation 4 - hurt / serious / happening / smiling / up / hit / news / lying

Man: What’s ______ outside?

Woman: I think a car ______ a man on a bike.

Man: Oh no! Is he ______?

Woman: I’m not sure. He’s ______ on the ground.

Man: Oh no. Is it ______?

Woman: No, he is getting ______ now.

Man: Well, that’s good.

Woman: He looks OK. He’s ______ and talking now.

Man: Oh, good! That’s good ______.

Listen Here :

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B. PAST (Something that already happened)

 Simple past

The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about actions or events that happened in the past.
These actions are finished or completed, not happening now.

Example: I watched a movie last night.

Uses of Simple Past

4. To describe completed actions in the past

→ She visited her grandmother yesterday.
5. To tell a story or describe a series of events
→ He woke up, brushed his teeth, and went to school.
6. To talk about facts or habits in the past
→ When I was a child, I played outside every day.

Structure (Formula)

🔹 Positive Sentence

Subject + Verb 2 (past form)

Subject Verb Example

I/You/We/They/He/She/It went I went to the market.

Note: Use the past form of the verb. (e.g., go → went, eat → ate, play → played)

🔹 Negative Sentence

Subject + did not (didn't) + Verb 1

Example

I didn’t watch TV last night.

She didn’t go to school yesterday.

Use did not + base verb (not past verb).

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🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Did + Subject + Verb 1 + ?

Example

Did you see the movie?

Did they visit their cousin?

What did she eat for lunch?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show that the Simple Past is used:

 yesterday

 last night / last week / last year

 two days ago

 in 2024 / in January

 when I was a child

 this morning (if the morning is over)

Examples

I bought a new bag last week.

She didn’t eat breakfast this morning.

Did they watch the football match yesterday?

Base Verb Past Form Base Verb Past Form

Play Played Go Went
Watch Watched Come Came
Clean Cleaned Eat Ate
Open Opened Drink Drank
Close Closed Take Took
Cook Cooked Give Gave
Wash Washed See Saw

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 Base Verb Past Form Base Verb Past Form
Walk Walked Get Got
Dance Danced Have Had
Jump Jumped Do Did
Paint Painted Make Made
Visit Visited Find Found
Call Called Say Said
Help Helped Write Wrote
Read (pronounced
Smile Smiled Read
“red”)
Talk Talked Buy Bought
Carry Carried Bring Brought
Study Studied Meet Met
Try Tried Sleep Slept
Enjoy enjoyed Run Ran
Stay Stayed Sing Sang
Start Started Sit Sat
Move Moved Stand Stood
Want Wanted Think Thought
Live Lived Begin Began

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct past form of the verb in brackets.

16. I ______ (watch) a movie last night.

17. She ______ (go) to the supermarket yesterday.
18. They ______ (play) football after school.
19. My brother ______ (eat) all the cookies.
20. We ______ (visit) our grandmother last weekend.
21. He ______ (have) a headache in the morning.
22. Lisa ______ (clean) her room before dinner.
23. The students ______ (write) a story in class.
24. I ______ (buy) a new backpack.
25. We ______ (not go) to the park because it rained.
26. He ______ (call) his friend last night.
27. The cat ______ (sleep) on the sofa all day.

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 28. My parents ______ (travel) to Bali last year.
29. She ______ (make) a cake for her sister’s birthday.
30. You ______ (study) for the test, didn’t you?

Choose the correct past form of the verb.

16. I ______ to the zoo last Sunday.

a) go
b) went
c) going

17. She ______ her homework after dinner.

a) do
b) did
c) does
18. They ______ football at the field.
a) played
b) play
c) playing
19. He ______ a sandwich for lunch.
a) eats
b) ate
c) eat
20. We ______ a movie last night.
a) watch
b) watched
c) watches
21. The students ______ a new song in music class.
a) sing
b) sang
c) sung
22. My mom ______ a cake for my birthday.
a) makes
b) made
c) make
23. I ______ my bike to school yesterday.
a) ride
b) rode
c) rides

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24. She ______ a letter to her cousin.
a) write
b) wrote
c) writing

25. They ______ their hands before eating.

a) washes
b) washing
c) washed
26. We ______ at the hotel last summer.
a) stay
b) stayed
c) stays
27. He ______ to music in his room.
a) listened
b) listen
c) listening

28. My friend ______ me a gift.

a) give
b) gave
c) giving
29. The children ______ happy after the party.
a) were
b) was
c) be
30. I ______ a book about animals.
a) read (present)
b) reads
c) read (past - pronounced "red")

"Lina’s Hobby"
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the verbs in parentheses.

Lina was a girl who loved drawing. She always felt happy when she (1) ______ (draw).
Every weekend, she (2) ______ (take) her sketchbook and colored pencils to the park near
her house.

Last Saturday, she (3) ______ (wake) up early and (4) ______ (eat) a quick breakfast. Then,
she (5) ______ (put) her art tools in a small bag and (6) ______ (walk) to the park. The sun
(7) ______ (shine), and the air (8) ______ (feel) fresh.

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At the park, she (9) ______ (sit) under a big tree and (10) ______ (start) drawing the scenery.
She (11) ______ (see) birds flying in the sky and children who (12) ______ (play) nearby.
She (13) ______ (smile) and (14) ______ (continue) her drawing.

Later, a little boy (15) ______ (come) closer and (16) ______ (ask) her what she was doing.
She (17) ______ (tell) him about her hobby, and he (18) ______ (watch) her draw with wide
eyes. Lina even (19) ______ (let) him try coloring a flower.

After an hour, Lina (20) ______ (finish) her drawing. She (21) ______ (stand) up and (22)
______ (stretch) her arms. She (23) ______ (feel) tired but very happy.

Then she (24) ______ (go) home and (25) ______ (show) the drawing to her parents, who
were very proud of her.

Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - needed / mopped / off / did / pretty / clean / washed / dirty

Man: So what ______ you do yesterday?

Woman: Nothing much, just chores. I ______ the dishes, vacuumed, and ______ the floors.

Man: Yeah, me too.

Woman: Really, are you a ______ freak?

Man: Not so much, but my place ______ a good cleaning.

Woman: Was your place ______ dirty?

Man: Yeah, it was pretty bad. But I cleaned the bathroom, picked up my ______ clothes, washed

them and emptied the rubbish, so now it looks respectable.

Woman: Yeah, you can only put things ______ for so long.

Man: That’s right.

Conversation 2 - learned / piqued / borrow / check / history / already / documentary / library

Man: What are you reading?

Woman: A ______ book about the Mayans. I just started it though.

Man: Oh cool. I just watched a ______y about them. It was fascinating.

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Woman: Yeah, I ______ about them in college so this book ______ my interest.

Man: Is it any good?

Woman: So far so good. I ______ learned a few things I didn’t know.

Man: Well, can I ______ it when you’re finished?

Woman: I would, but I borrowed it from the ______.

Man: Ah, got it. I’ll try to ______ it out then.

Conversation 3 - mainly / check / reviewed / homework / do / paper / did / website

Man: I missed class yesterday. What did you ______ in class?

Woman: Not much. The teacher just ______ past lessons.

Man: Oh yeah? What ______ she go over?

Woman: She ______ talked about the essay assignment and how to write the ______.

Man: Did she give any ______?

Woman: Yes, but she posted it on the class ______.

Man: OK, I’ll ______ it out then. Thanks.

Conversation 4 - work / buddies / seeing / last / touch / studied / still / talked

Man: What did you do ______ night?

Woman: I just stayed home and ______ with my friends on Zoom.

Man: Friends from ______?

Woman: No, friends I ______ with in college.

Man: Oh, that’s so cool that you are ______ friends.

Woman: Well, we kind of lost ______ with each other, but we recently reunited on Facebook.

Man: I should do that with my old army ______.

Woman: You should. It’s a lot of fun. We all enjoyed ______ each other again.

Listen here :

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 Simple past continuous

The Past Continuous Tense (also called Past Progressive) is used to describe an action that
was happening at a certain time in the past.

Example: I was studying at 8 p.m. last night.

Uses of Past Continuous

5. An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past

→ She was cooking dinner at 7 o’clock.
6. Two actions happening at the same time in the past
→ I was watching TV while my brother was playing guitar.
7. An action that was happening when another shorter action happened (interruptions)
→ They were playing football when it started to rain.
8. To describe the background of a story
→ The birds were singing, and the sun was shining

Structure

🔹 Positive Sentence:

Subject + was/were + verb-ing

Be Verb -
Subject Example
verb ing

I / He / She / It was reading She was reading a book.

You / We / They were playing

were playing
They outside.

🔹 Negative Sentence:

Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing

Example

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 Example

I was not sleeping at that time.

They were not listening to the teacher.

🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions):

Was/Were + Subject + verb-ing?

Example

Was she studying when you called?

What were they doing at 10 a.m. yesterday?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These words often show Past Continuous Tense is needed:
 at 7 a.m. / 8 o’clock last night
 while
 when (for interruptions)
 all day yesterday
 at that moment
 during the meeting

Examples

 I was cooking dinner at 6 p.m.

 They were watching TV when I arrived.
 He wasn't sleeping during the storm.
 Were you playing video games last night?

Here are the differences between the Simple Past and the Past Continuous.

Feature Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

Definition
An action that started and finished in An action that was happening at a specific time

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 Feature Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

the past. in the past.

Focus The fact that the action happened. The process or duration of the action.

Structure Subject + Verb 2 (past form) Subject + was/were + verb-ing

Time Example Yesterday, last night, 2 days ago At 8 p.m., while, when it happened

Example She ate dinner at 7 p.m. She was eating dinner at 7 p.m.

Example I was watching a movie when the lights went

I watched a movie last night.
(Story) out.

Key Word:

 Simple Past = “What happened?”

➡I watched TV.
 Past Continuous = “What was happening at that moment?”
➡ I was watching TV when my mom came home

More Examples

🔸 Simple Past:

 They played football yesterday.

 I visited my grandma last weekend.

🔹 Past Continuous:

 They were playing football when it started to rain.

 I was visiting my grandma when my friend called.

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Practice
Instructions: Complete each sentence using the correct past continuous form of the verb in
parentheses.

21. I ______ (watch) TV when you called me.

22. They ______ (play) football at 4 p.m. yesterday.
23. She ______ (cook) dinner while I was setting the table.
24. We ______ (study) for the test last night.
25. He ______ (sleep) during the storm.
26. The children ______ (run) around the park.
27. I ______ (not/listen) to music at that time.
28. What ______ you ______ (do) at 8 o’clock?
29. My mom ______ (wash) the dishes while my dad was vacuuming.
30. They ______ (not/pay) attention in class.
31. It ______ (rain) when we left the house.
32. You ______ (drive) very fast yesterday afternoon.
33. The dog ______ (bark) all night.
34. We ______ (not/watch) the movie when you arrived.
35. The students ______ (write) in their notebooks.
36. She ______ (not/wear) her uniform yesterday.
37. Who ______ (sit) next to you at lunch?
38. I ______ (walk) to school when I saw the accident.
39. My brother ______ (draw) a picture during the lesson.
40. They ______ (have) lunch when the phone rang.

Reading Comprehension: "A Night at Hogwarts"

It was a cold and rainy night at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The wind was
blowing hard, and the trees were shaking outside the castle. Inside the Gryffindor common room,
Harry Potter was sitting near the fireplace. He was reading a book about magical creatures.

Ron Weasley was lying on the sofa. He was eating chocolate frogs and watching the fire.
Hermione Granger was sitting at a table. She was writing an essay for Professor Snape’s class. The
room was quiet except for the sound of the fire crackling.

Suddenly, the Fat Lady's portrait opened, and Neville Longbottom entered. He was carrying a
small, shaking box. “Something strange is happening!” he said. Everyone stood up quickly. Harry

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was grabbing his wand. Hermione was closing her book. Ron was hiding the rest of his chocolate.
While Neville was talking, the box was moving in his hands. Something inside was scratching the
sides. The students were looking at it with wide eyes. “It was making noise in the hallway,” Neville
explained. “I don’t know what’s inside!”

Just then, the box opened by itself. A tiny purple creature was flying out. It had wings like a bat
and a tail like a mouse. It was flying around the room and making strange noises. While Harry was
trying to catch it with his wand, the creature was zooming through the air. It was knocking over
books and candles. Hermione was shouting spells, but nothing was working. Ron was laughing and
ducking under a chair.

Finally, Professor McGonagall entered the common room. She was holding a glowing net and
wearing her night robe. “What on earth is going on here?” she asked. Within seconds, she caught the
creature and placed it back in the box. “You were all supposed to be studying,” she said, looking at
them sternly. Everyone was quiet. The fire was still burning, and the wind was still howling outside.
But the excitement was over—at least for now.

True or False Questions

16. The story takes place on a sunny morning. ( T / F )

17. Harry was sitting near the fireplace. ( T / F )
18. Ron was writing an essay for Professor Snape. ( T / F )
19. Hermione was reading a book about magical creatures. ( T / F )
20. The Fat Lady’s portrait opened and Neville came in. ( T / F )
21. Neville was carrying a big book in his hands. ( T / F )
22. The box in Neville’s hands was shaking. ( T / F )
23. Ron was hiding chocolate frogs when Neville arrived. ( T / F )
24. The creature had wings and a long tail. ( T / F )
25. Harry caught the creature with his first spell. ( T / F )
26. The creature was flying around and breaking things. ( T / F )
27. Hermione was shouting, but her spells didn’t work. ( T / F )
28. Professor McGonagall entered with a glowing net. ( T / F )
29. The students were dancing when the professor arrived. ( T / F )
30. In the end, the students went outside to play in the rain. ( T / F )

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C. FUTURE (Things that will happen later)

Simple future

The Simple Future Tense is used to talk about something that will happen later, in the future
after now.
Example: I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.

Uses of Simple Future

5. To express a future action

→ She will start her new job next week.
6. To make predictions
→ It will rain this afternoon.
7. To make decisions at the moment of speaking
→ I’m tired. I will take a rest.
8. To make offers, promises, or suggestions
→ I will help you with your homework.

Structure (Formula)

🔹 Positive Sentence
Subject + will + base verb
→ He will go to school.

🔹 Negative Sentence
Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb
→ They will not (won’t) come to the party.

🔹 Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

Will + subject + base verb?
→ Will you join us?

Time Markers / Signal Words

These time expressions are often used with Simple Future:
 tomorrow
 next (week, month, year)
 soon
 later
 in a few days
 tonight
 someday
 in the future

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Examples

 I will travel to Bali next month.

 She won’t eat spicy food.
 Will they join the competition?
 We will study English tomorrow morning.

There are two ways to talk about the future in English: using 'will' and using 'be going to'

Both express future actions, but:

 WILL = Spontaneous Decisions / Offers / Promises / Predictions

Use “will” when you:

a. Decide something at the moment of speaking

“I'm tired. I will go to bed now.”

b. Make a promise or offer

“Don’t worry, I will help you.”

“I will call you tonight.”

c. Make a prediction (based on opinion)

“I think it will rain tomorrow.”

 BE GOING TO = Planned Actions / Predictions Based on Evidence

Use “be going to” when you:

a. Talk about something already planned or decided before now

“I am going to study medicine next year.”
“They are going to travel to Japan this summer.”

b. Make a prediction with evidence

“Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain soon.”

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 Structure Comparison

Form Structure Example

Will Subject + will + base verb

→ She will call you later.

Going to Subject + be (am/is/are) + going to + base verb

→ They are going to visit grandma.

Examples Side-by-Side

Situation WILL GOING TO

Spontaneous
I’ll answer the phone! —
decision

I’m going to see a movie

Pre-made plan —
tonight.

Opinion-based
I think she’ll win the game. —
prediction

Evidence-based
— Look! He’s going to fall!
prediction

I’ll help you with your

Promise / offer —
homework.

Summary Tip:

 Use "will" when you decide now or make a promise.

 Use "going to" when you already planned something or see clear evidence

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Practice

Instructions: Choose the correct option (will / be going to) to complete each sentence.

21. Look at those clouds! It __________ rain soon.

a) will
b) is going to
22. I think she __________ win the competition.
a) will
b) is going to
23. We __________ visit grandma this weekend. We already planned it.
a) will
b) are going to
24. I forgot my phone! Wait, I __________ get it.
a) will
b) am going to
25. She __________ be a doctor. That’s her dream.
a) will
b) is going to
26. Watch out! You __________ fall!
a) will
b) are going to
27. They __________ paint the house next week. It’s already scheduled.
a) will
b) are going to
28. He’s tired. He __________ take a nap.
a) will
b) is going to
29. A: "Who will carry these bags?"
B: "Don’t worry, I __________."
a) will
b) am going to
30. We __________ have a test tomorrow. The teacher told us.
a) will
b) are going to

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31. I think it __________ be a great movie.
a) will
b) is going to
32. They __________ get married next month. The invitations are ready.
a) will
b) are going to
33. A: “What do you want to drink?”
B: “I __________ have a glass of orange juice.”
a) will
b) am going to
34. She __________ bake a cake. All the ingredients are ready.
a) will
b) is going to
35. My parents __________ buy a new car next year. It’s in their plan.
a) will
b) are going to
36. I’m not sure if I __________ join the trip.
a) will
b) am going to
37. The baby is crying. I __________ pick her up.
a) will
b) am going to
38. They __________ move to a new city. They already found an apartment.
a) will
b) are going to
39. Don’t worry. I __________ help you with the homework.
a) will
b) am going to
40. Be careful! The glass __________ break!
a) will
b) is going to

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Reading Comprehension: "Lisa’s Weekend Plans" (Simple Future Tense)

Fill in the blanks using the Simple Future Tense:

Use either will or be going to + base verb, depending on the sentence context.

Lisa is a student who loves planning her weekends. This Friday night, she (1) ______ (visit) her cousin in
the city. They (2) ______ (have) dinner at a new restaurant near the mall. After that, they (3) ______
(watch) a movie together.

On Saturday morning, Lisa (4) ______ (wake) up early. She (5) ______ (go) to the park because she
wants to jog. Her friend, Emma, (6) ______ (join) her for the run. After jogging, they (7) ______ (drink)
smoothies at a nearby café.

In the afternoon, Lisa and her mom (8) ______ (go) shopping for groceries. Lisa (9) ______ (help) her
mom carry the bags. They (10) ______ (cook) a big dinner for the family in the evening.

On Sunday, Lisa (11) ______ (study) for her math test. She (12) ______ (read) her textbook and (13)
______ (complete) her homework. She also (14) ______ (review) vocabulary for her English quiz. Later,
she (15) ______ (call) her classmate to ask about the assignment.

At night, Lisa (16) ______ (relax) by reading a novel. Her brother (17) ______ (watch) a football game
on TV, but Lisa (18) ______ (not join) him because she needs to sleep early.

Next week, she (19) ______ (feel) ready and confident for school because she (20) ______ (prepare) well
over the weekend.

Listening Comprehension

Fill in the conversations with the words provided.

Conversation 1 - start / time / next / same / hear / class / still / take

Man: How is your French ______?
Woman: Good, but it will finish ______ week.
Man: Oh, will you ______ the next course?
Woman: No, I can’t. I won’t have ______.
Man: I’m surprised to ______ that. You love that class.
Woman: I do, but I will ______ a new job next week. The class and my job will be at the
______ time.
Man: That's too bad!
Woman: It’s OK. I will ______ study on my own.
Man: That’s the spirit!

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Conversation 2 - make / come / company / go / alone / has / start / alone
Man: The ______ picnic is the 18th. Will you be there?
Woman: Yes, I think I’ll go. What time does it ______?
Man: It will begin at 12 and will ______ until 5.
Woman: OK, I’ll try to ______ it. Will your wife be there?
Man: No, she won’t be there this year. She ______ to work.
Woman: Oh, that’s too bad. My husband won’t ______, either. He's out of town.
Man: So, will you come ______?
Woman: No, I will ______ my kids. They love the free food.
Man: My kids too. I am sure they will eat a lot!
Woman: Mine, too.

Conversation 3 - will / Where / choice / maybe / stay / How / opened / break

Man: Where will you go for the summer ______?
Woman: I ______ go to the beach with my family.
Man: That sounds fun. ______ long will you be there?
Woman: We won't stay long, ______ two or three days.
Man: Nice. ______ will you stay?
Woman: We will ______ at the new hotel. It just ______!
Man: Nice ______. I hear it’s really beautiful.

Listen here :

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 PARTS OF SPEECH

Parts of Speech (Jenis Kata dalam Bahasa Inggris)

1. Noun – kata benda

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples: teacher, book, school, cat, happiness
Sentence: The teacher is in the classroom.

2. Pronoun – kata ganti

Pronoun (Kata Ganti)

a pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.

Instead of saying the name again and again, we use a pronoun.

Examples:
– This is Lina. Lina is kind.
→ This is Lina. She is kind.

Types of Pronouns

1. Subject Pronouns (sebagai pelaku dalam kalimat):

Subject Pronoun Meaning (in Bahasa)
I saya/aku
You kamu/anda
He dia (laki-laki)
She dia (perempuan)
It itu (benda/hewan)
We kami/kita
They mereka

Example Sentences:

 I am happy.
 She is a teacher.
 They are students.

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2. Object Pronouns (sebagai penerima tindakan):
Object Pronoun Meaning (in Bahasa)
Me saya/aku (objek)
You kamu/anda
Him dia (laki-laki)
Her dia (perempuan)
It Itu
Us kami/kita (objek)
Them mereka

Example Sentences:

 She helps me.

 I see him every day.
 They invite us to the party.

3. Possessive Adjectives (menunjukkan kepemilikan):

Possessive Adj Meaning
My milik saya
Your Milikmu
His milik dia (laki-laki)
Her milik dia (perempuan)
Its milik benda/hewan
Our milik kami
Their milik mereka

Example Sentences:

 This is my bag.
 That is his bike.
 Their house is big.

Keyword:

 I am a teacher. → subject
 She helps me. → object
 That is my book. → possessive

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3. Verb – kata kerja
A verb shows action or state.
Examples: run, eat, sleep, is, are
Sentence: They play football.

4. Adjective – kata sifat

An adjective describes a noun.
Examples: big, small, happy, blue
Sentence: This is a big house.

5. Adverb – kata keterangan

An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: quickly, very, well, slowly
Sentence: She sings beautifully.

6. Preposition – kata depan

A preposition shows position, place, or time.
Examples: in, on, at, under, beside, with
Sentence: The bag is under the table.

7. Conjunction – kata sambung

A conjunction connects words or sentences.
Examples: and, but, or, because
Sentence: I like tea and coffee.

8. Interjection – kata seru

An interjection is a short word that shows emotion.
Examples: Wow! Oh! Ouch! Hey!
Sentence: Wow! That’s amazing!

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Practice

1. Match the word to the part of speech:

– slowly → ______
– teacher → ______
– and → ______
– under → ______
– she → ______

2. Identify the parts of speech in this sentence:

He runs quickly and jumps high.
(He = ___, runs = ___, quickly = ___, and = ___, jumps = ___, high = ___)

3. Fill in the blanks:

a. The ______ (noun) is red.
b. I ______ (verb) at 7 a.m.
c. She is ______ (adjective).
d. We play ______ (adverb).

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 PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the object that receives the action, not the
person doing it.

Instead of saying "Someone does something", we say "Something is done (by someone)."

Structure of Passive Voice

1. Present Simple Passive

is / are + past participle (Verb 3)

 The homework is done by me.

 The letters are sent every day.
 Rice is cooked in the kitchen.

2. Past Simple Passive

was / were + past participle (Verb 3)

 The homework was done yesterday.

 The door was opened by John.
 The books were taken by the students.

When to Use Passive Voice

Use passive voice when:

 You don’t know who did the action.
→ My phone was stolen.
 You don’t want to say who did it.
→ The cake was eaten.
 The action is more important than the subject.
→ The building was built in 1990.

Passive Voice Examples

Active Voice Passive Voice

She cleans the room. The room is cleaned.
He wrote the letter. The letter was written.
They make cakes. Cakes are made.
Someone broke the glass. The glass was broken.

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Practice

Complete the sentences using the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. Use
either Simple Present or Simple Past tense, depending on the time clue in the sentence.

21. English __________ (speak) all over the world.

22. The homework __________ (finish) by the students yesterday.
23. The flowers __________ (water) every morning.
24. That song __________ (sing) by a famous artist last year.
25. Letters __________ (deliver) by the postman every day.
26. A new school __________ (build) in our town last year.
27. This book __________ (write) by J.K. Rowling.
28. The window __________ (break) last night.
29. The floor __________ (clean) every afternoon.
30. The cookies __________ (eat) by the children yesterday.
31. Many cars __________ (make) in Japan.
32. The museum __________ (visit) by many tourists last month.
33. The trash __________ (take out) every morning.
34. That movie __________ (not like) by many people.
35. The room __________ (paint) last weekend.
36. The test __________ (correct) by the teacher now.
37. A birthday card __________ (send) to my grandma yesterday.
38. Meals __________ (serve) at this hotel three times a day.
39. The books __________ (not return) to the library last week.
40. The invitations __________ (give) to all the students.

Practice II

Choose the correct passive voice form to complete each sentence.

21. The homework _____ every day.

a) is finish
b) is finished
c) was finished

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22. That letter _____ by my friend yesterday.
a) was written
b) is written
c) writes
23. English _____ in many countries.
a) is spoken
b) speaks
c) was spoken
24. The cake _____ by my mother last night.
a) bakes
b) is baked
c) was baked
25. These books _____ in the library.
a) are kept
b) were kept
c) is kept
26. The movie _____ by a lot of people last weekend.
a) is watched
b) was watched
c) watches
27. Rice _____ in Asia.
a) was grown
b) grows
c) is grown
28. The house _____ in 2001.
a) builds
b) was built
c) is built

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29. The emails _____ every morning.
a) are sent
b) were sent
c) is sending
30. The window _____ yesterday by the boys.
a) was broken
b) is broken
c) breaks
31. Milk _____ from cows.
a) is got
b) is gotten
c) is obtained
32. The song _____ at the concert last night.
a) is sung
b) was sung
c) sings
33. The letters _____ to the manager now.
a) were delivered
b) are delivered
c) is delivered
34. All the lights _____ off last night.
a) are turned
b) is turned
c) were turned
35. Newspapers _____ every morning.
a) are read
b) were read
c) read

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36. The museum _____ by tourists last weekend.
a) is visited
b) visits
c) was visited
37. Many laptops _____ in China.
a) are made
b) is made
c) were made
38. The floor _____ every afternoon.
a) is cleaned
b) was cleaned
c) cleans
39. The invitation _____ yesterday.
a) is sent
b) was sent
c) sends
40. The documents _____ carefully by the secretary.
a) is checked
b) are checked
c) checked

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