REVIEWER
MATH 4
Learning how to estimate and solve real-life math problems helps us make smart decisions in daily life. For example,
if there are 6 tricycles that can carry 25 passengers each, you can estimate that around 150 passengers can ride in
all. This teaches how to multiply and estimate numbers quickly. When dividing large quantities, such as 720
mangoes shared equally among 9 baskets, each basket would get about 80 mangoes showing how division and
estimation go together.
In working with fractions, remember that proper fractions have smaller numerators than denominators (like 3/5),
while improper fractions have larger numerators (like 9/4). A mixed number, such as 2 ½, combines a whole
number and a fraction. If you eat ¾ of a pizza, that’s a proper fraction, but if you eat 5/4, that means you ate more
than one whole pizza. When adding fractions with the same denominators, just add the numerators. For instance,
2/8 + 3/8 = 5/8. If the denominators are different, like ½ + ¼, change them to a common denominator first before
adding.
When converting units of measurement, remember that 1 meter = 100 centimeters and 1 kilometer = 1,000
meters. For example, a rope measuring 2,000 meters is equal to 2 kilometers. Similarly, 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams,
so if a sack of rice weighs 7,000 grams, that’s 7 kilograms. For liquids, 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters, meaning that 3 liters
of juice equal 3,000 milliliters.
We also use math to tell time and measure duration. There are 60 minutes in one hour and 60 seconds in one
minute. If a movie lasts for 2 hours and 30 minutes, that’s 150 minutes total. When converting larger times,
remember 24 hours = 1 day and about 4 weeks = 1 month. For example, a school project done for 168 hours equals
7 days.
Fractions can also represent mixed numbers or improper fractions. If a baker used 4 ½ kilos of flour, that can be
written as 9/2. When subtracting or adding mixed numbers, add or subtract the whole numbers first, then the
fractions. For instance, 3 ¼ + 2 ½ = 5 ¾.
You can apply these skills to problem solving too. If a teacher bought 15 chairs for ₱450 each, the total cost is ₱6,750.
If she paid ₱7,000, her change is ₱250. When dividing money equally, say ₱9,000 shared among 6 groups, each gets
₱1,500. Real-world math also helps in budgeting—if a family spends ₱320 for groceries, ₱150 for transportation, and
₱230 for snacks, they spend ₱700 in total.
Lastly, estimating and solving with time, distance, and weight are useful every day. For instance, if a barangay road
is 3,500 meters long, it is 3.5 kilometers. If a bottle contains 2,500 milliliters of water, it equals 2.5 liters.
Understanding these conversions helps make sense of measurements we use daily at home, in school, and in the
community.