AMEC APPROACH DOCUMENT

GUIDANCE AND PROCEDURES

FOR

PROTECTION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT

REVISION GSD/EGP/REV0 - 3.94

 INDEX
FOREWORD

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

INITIAL CONTRACT OR SUB CONTRACT ENQUIRY

1.00 GUIDANCE
2.00 PROCEDURE

APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

3.00 GUIDANCE
4.00 PROCEDURE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

5.00 GUIDANCE
6.00 PROCEDURE

DESIGN

7.00 GUIDANCE
8.00 PROCEDURE

CONTRACT TENDER

9.00 GUIDANCE
10.00 PROCEDURE

CONTRACT AWARD

11.00 GUIDANCE
12.00 PROCEDURE

PRE-COMMENCEMENT STAGE

13.00 GUIDANCE
14.00 PROCEDURE

PRE-CONTRACT/...
PRE-CONTRACT/START MEETINGS

15.00 GUIDANCE
16.00 PROCEDURE

CONTRACT STAGE

17.00 GUIDANCE
18.00 PROCEDURE

COMMISSIONING AND TESTING

19.00 GUIDANCE
20.00 PROCEDURE

HANDOVER

21.00 PROCEDURE

SITE CLEARANCE

22.00 PROCEDURE

NOTICES SERVED

23.00 PROCEDURE

PROSECUTIONS

24.00 PROCEDURE

VISITS BY ENFORCING AUTHORITIES

25.00 PROCEDURE

MAINTENANCE (PERIOD)

26.00 PROCEDURE

POST CONTRACT AND COMPLETION ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

27.00 PROCEDURE

APPENDICES/...
 APPENDICES

A DESIGN CHECK LIST

B PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST

C POLLUTION PREVENTION GUIDELINES (NRA)

D NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY OFFICES

RIVER PURIFICATION AUTHORITIES OFFICES
 FOREWORD

Whilst the following procedures are directed at group operational activities, it must be
clearly understood that they must be applied during any design stage.

Designers must take these procedures into account during their design work and highlight
by drawing, reference, note, or procedural document, any area identified by them as
environmentally damaging.

Before applying these procedures, there must be an understanding of what pollution is. It
can be described as:

"Pollution of the environment due to the release into any

environmental medium (land, water, air) from any process
or substance (natural, artificial, liquid, solid, gas, vapour,
dust, noise, vibration) which is capable of causing harm
to man or any other organism supported by the environment".

Each company within the AMEC Group has prepared and published an environmental
policy which states the intentions of the company towards environmental matters and gives
individual responsibilities to each employee which must be complied with.

The document has been prepared based on English law and practice. In Scotland, in some
minor respects, environmental law is different, but the basic principles of this document
remain the same and should be followed.

The document sections are consecutively numbered and set out to generally follow the
passage of a contract from initial enquiry through to final completion and maintenance. It
equally applies to any existing 'in group' fixed work activity. The sections should therefore
be interpreted with this in mind. It is split into alternating guidance and procedure sections
up to the commissioning and testing stages at 19.00 and 20.00 and thereafter as procedure
only.

The guidance sections are designed to be informative whilst the procedures sections should
be followed to ensure compliance with relevant environmental statute and practice.

Whenever environmental problems exist they should be discussed with your company
environmental manager/adviser or, in the absence of such a person, the Sector
Environmental Controller or the Group Safety and Environmental Controller
at Sandiway House.
 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and procedure on statutory

environmental control and practice of group activities, be they design or fixed or
temporary workplaces. The commentary on statutory requirement for environmental
impact assessments (see 5.00), although not applicable to all work of the group,
nevertheless provides guidance on meeting statutory duties placed on group companies.

This AMEC Approach Document forms part of the arrangements to each AMEC group
company's environmental policy and should be read in conjunction with that document.

This document is based on statutory requirements and in order to ensure compliance, the
applicable procedures sections should be followed.

SCOPE

The scope of the document covers all areas of environmental control which may impinge
on group work activities. The document has been based on a construction contract from
first enquiry through to end of maintenance/defects/liabilities period. It applies to all
design activities and also to fixed workplace activities throughout the group. However,
should a specific group work activity appear not to be covered, contact should be made
initially with the relevant company's Safety and Environmental Controller who will liaise
with the Group Safety and Environmental Controller.
INITIAL CONTRACT OR SUB CONTRACT ENQUIRY

1.00 Guidance

1.01 It is essential to consider environmental matters which impact on the

contract or sub contract at the earliest possible stage. The tender enquiry
documents may stipulate environmental hazards/controls on the contract but
lack of such information will not negate obligations arising from
environmental legislation nor provide a defence against subsequent civil
litigation.

On the basis that "polluter pays" it is essential to prevent pollution in all its
forms both during contract and post completion (this obviously impacts
heavily on design - which is dealt with separately at 7.00, 8.00 and Appendix
A in this document).

1.02 Planning for pollution prevention is therefore essential in the following

areas:-
All of these matters are separately dealt with both in the guidance and
procedures which follow.

1.03/...
1.03 The contract may require an environmental statement or an environmental impact
assessment at planning permission stage, but this will seldom be the
duty/responsibility of the contractor and normally falls on the client and/or
professional consultants prior to planning approval. Such documents require expert
opinion and input and will not normally be carried out "in house".

1.04 However, in cases where serious environmental impact may occur, it is possible to
carry out a "preliminary scoping exercise" to identify the high impact areas and
minimise environmental damage (see 5.03 and 5.04).

1.05 It is possible that the contract may involve either a prescribed process or production
or use of a prescribed substance in which case certain action is required to be taken at
planning stage. (viz. Application to HMIP/Local Authority for licensing and/or
authorisation of the work activity or plant).
Such processes include:-

. Fuel and power processes

. Metal production and processing
. Mineral industries
. Chemical industries
. Waste disposal and recycling industries
. Other industries (timber processing, tar and bitumen processes,
major printing industries. Discharge of solvents to open air (painting
processes))
. Crushing (stone, concrete, brick) plant.

1.06 For major design contracts the design may be required to comply with the client/
operators environmental policy and arrangements, in which case the technical and
commercial implications of these should be checked at the enquiry stage.

2.00 Procedure

2.01 On receipt of a contract enquiry the contract documents should be studied to

ascertain the following:-

. Pollution sources identified

. Possible areas of pollution/contamination
. Requirement for environmental statement
. Requirement for environmental impact assessment (either statutory, requested by
planning authorities, or for in house purposes)
. The type of waste likely to be generated
. A waste disposal facility for the waste generated
. Statutory controls - noise, dust, smoke, etc., L.A. planning controls
. Formal application for registration of a prescribed process or use of
prescribed substance
. Monitoring requirements.

2.02/...
2.02 If any of the above areas are identified as required or having significant effects on the
contract contact your environmental manager/adviser or sector environmental
controller.

2.03 Make allowance for client/operators environmental policy and arrangements

(See 1.06).

APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

3.00 Guidance

3.01 There is a wealth of environmental legislation which covers planning,

environmental impact assessment, waste minimisation and pollution control. This
legislation is criminal statute and carries maximum penalties of unlimited fine and
imprisonment of up to 2 years and, in certain cases involving toxic materials, there
is an imprisonment term of up to 5 years.

Relevant legislation ranges from the Water Acts, Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries
Act, Control of Pollution, Clean Air Act, Planning Controls and Environmental
Protection Act, together with the attendant regulations made under those Acts. The
legislation is too extensive to mention in detail in this document and therefore
guidance on relevant legislation should be sought from your environmental adviser.

4.00 Procedure

4.01 In view of the necessity to identify applicable environmental legislation and prevent
breaches thereof, advice should be sought, in appropriate cases from:

. Your environmental manager/adviser

. The client
. Enforcing authorities

By such action the responsibility for implementing legislation will be determined

and will allow designers, planners, estimators and workplace managers to
incorporate environmental requirements into their proposals/tenders/design/
operations/procedures.

ENVIRONMENTAL/...
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

STATUTORY
NON STATUTORY
PRELIMINARY SCOPING EXERCISE

5.00 Guidance

5.01 An EIA is a statutory requirement under the Town and Country Planning (Assessment
of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988, which is designed to identify the likely
environmental effects of a development on the following areas:

. Human Beings
. Flora and Fauna
. Soil
. Water
. Air
. Climate
. The Landscape
. The interaction between any of the foregoing
. Material Assets (built environment, architectural and historic
heritage, land features, etc).
. The cultural heritage

5.02 The completed EIA forms an "environmental statement" in relation to the

development and is applicable only to certain types of development listed in the above
mentioned regulations, e.g. oil refinery, gas or pipeline installation, airport etc. This
is carried out prior to planning permission and rests with the planning applicant.
Failure to submit an EIA could lead to refusal of planning permission or later
suspension of the works. It is essential therefore that the requirement for an EIA is
identified at the earliest possible moment and is undertaken. To undertake an EIA
requires the advice and input of several specialists and seldom costs less than tens of
thousands of pounds. It is clear therefore that most AMEC companies will not
normally carry these out directly.

5.03 Quite often clients carry out an environmental impact statement (also known as
a preliminary scoping exercise) as a precursor to the full EIA. This is done to
establish project feasibility and probable areas of environmental consequence,
without incurring the full cost of an EIA. This exercise is merely a short form
version of the EIA and in simple layman terms briefly addresses the same areas
as the EIA. In essence, it looks at the effects of the development during
construction and operation after completion on the following:

Human Beings/...
 Human Beings

Local residents or others likely to be affected

Flora and Fauna

Plant life, flowers etc. in or near the development which may be affected and
which may be subject to preservation orders.

Soil

Contamination which may already exist or which could be introduced by the

project.

Water

The principal sources of the water currently on the site which may be affected by the
project including streams, lakes, ground water, surface water run offs, effluent
discharge etc.

Air and Climate

Climatic conditions prevailing and their effect on discharges from the development
and vice versa. The carriage by air of nuisances viz. dust, odour, noise, vapour, fume,
smoke, etc.

The Landscape

The visual impact of development in its proposed surroundings.

Inter action between any of the above.

Material Assets

The built environment, architectural and historic heritage, archaeological sites

and features and other such material assets.

Cultural Heritage

Effects on communities, nature reserves, protection zones, etc.

5.04 The preliminary scoping exercise may also be used as a starting point to establish
what effects, if any, the project and/or contract works will have on the environment
and specifically the areas mentioned above. This should ensure adequate resources
are planned, costed and included.

6.00/...
6.00 Procedure

6.01 At contract enquiry stage it must be established whether or not an EIA is required.
The contract documents should be scrutinised to establish:
a) Whether an EIA is required or not
b) Whether an EIA has been carried out
c) Who has responsibility for undertaking the EIA
(this will normally be the client and undertaken at the same
time as, or prior to the planning application).

6.02 Where doubt exists as to the requirement for an EIA, or an EIA is required and has
not been carried out, approved, or accepted as adequate, the fact must be recorded and
the client notified in writing. The fact must then be notified to your sector
environmental controller or group safety and environmental controller.

6.03 If an EIA is not a legal requirement but serious environmental impact may result from
either contract design, construction, commission or operation/use of completed
contract works, then a preliminary scoping exercise should be carried out to establish
the areas of harm to the environment likely to result. In this case it may not be
necessary to use specialists and the facility may exist "in group" to assist in this
exercise. In such a case advice must be sought from the group safety and
environmental controller.

DESIGN

7.00 Guidance

7.01 Whenever design is undertaken as part of a contract, consideration should be given to

environmental matters and, in particular, waste material minimisation, prevention of
pollution, energy conservation, natural resource conservation and general
environmental protection. To achieve this will require information from in depth site
investigation, careful materials selection and the best environmental option to be
considered during the:

. design
. construction/commissioning phases
. operation/maintenance phases

8.00 Procedure

8.01 Initial and any subsequent design should take into account the check list contained in
Appendix A.

CONTRACT/...
CONTRACT TENDER

9.00 Guidance

Failure to properly identify environmental hazards or requirements and

effectively price them can lead to huge financial loss and/or prosecution.
It is not possible in this guidance to identify every requirement likely to exist as
this will vary from contract to contract. However, some will almost always be
present, e.g. waste, noise, water disturbance, dust, air contamination and these
items are addressed in the check list at Appendix B and in the numbered points
which follow in this section.

9.02 Other environmental constraints will also affect contracts and these must be identified
at tender stage, such items could include:
. Tree preservation orders
. Restrictions on working hours
. Restrictions on noise/vibration
. Traffic restrictions
. Smoke control/prohibition
. Parking/unloading restrictions
. Archaeological preservation
. Wildlife disturbance control
. Airspace authorisation

9.03 Noise and Vibration

Noise emanating from construction sites is currently controlled by sections 60 - 61

Control of Pollution Act 1974 (C.o.P.A). This allows contractors to apply for a
consent to build or await service of a notice. If the consent route is chosen an
application should be made to the local authority after planning approval, but prior to
commencement, giving details of:

. Plant to be/or not to be used

. Expected noise levels
. Hours of work
. The steps proposed to be taken to minimise noise and any
other such matter as the local authority requests.

In choosing this method, the contractor is aware, from the outset, of any noise or work
restrictions. If this method is not chosen, a notice may be served, at anytime, by the
local authority restricting noise and hours of work. Breach of this notice constitutes a
criminal offence.

The preferred method in the past has been to apply for a consent, but the matter
should be discussed with your environmental adviser at tender stage.

The/...
 The Environmental Protection Act 1990 stipulates noise as a statutory nuisance and
gives offended persons the right to take action against offenders whether or not action
has been taken under [Link].

Injunctions have been taken out through the civil court against contractors who may
or may not have been subject to a control notice. It has been held that no breach of a
notice is necessary to allow the injunction to be granted and that breach of that
injunction would allow further proceedings for contempt of court.

Wherever work is to be carried out within hearing of occupied premises, it is

essential that serious consideration be given to noise control and that a public
relations exercise is undertaken to give notice to occupiers of the expected noise
levels and their expected duration and to give them an avenue for complaint
within the company rather than force them to complain to the local authority
which will always result in enforcement action.

Vibration is included in the definition of noise and must be treated as such.

It is also necessary therefore to check planning controls as well as the contract

documents to identify any noise restrictions which may have been imposed at
planning consent stage.

During the tendering process, sub contractors must be informed of any noise,
plant, or hours of work restrictions imposed on the contract and the need to
comply with them. Breach by the sub contractor will be considered as breach
by the main contractor and actionable.

Any notice imposed following contract award, being a statutory notice, will
automatically apply to all sub contractors on the site and its requirements must be
enforced. Therefore, if such a notice is received either by the main contractor or sub
contractor it must be brought to the attention of each other contractor/sub contractor
on the site for their information/compliance.

9.04 Waste

Waste must be treated as three types:-

a) Special Waste
b) Contaminated Waste
c) Inert Waste

(a) Special/...
 (a) Special Waste

These are defined by the Control of Pollution (Special Waste) Regulations.

An enquiry should be made of the client requesting details of any
contamination which exists in the ground to be built on, or in the plant to be
demolished or refurbished which may be disturbed or released by construction
operations and which would produce harmful pollutants
(special waste). Any information received must be passed on to relevant
tendering sub contractors.

(b) & (c) Contaminated and Inert Wastes

Both contaminated and inert waste arising from commercial or industrial work
will be classified as controlled waste and as such is subject to the "duty of care"
which places an onus on producers or holders of waste to ensure that the waste
is carried only by authorised or registered carriers, does not escape and is
disposed of at licensed disposal sites as appropriate to inert or contaminated
waste..

It is necessary therefore at tender stage and through sub contract enquiry to

establish what waste, if any, and in what quantities will arise from the site
works. It will be necessary also to identify waste disposal sites and their costs
together with transportation costs.

On occasions where waste is to be moved or held on site the County Waste

Authority may impose a condition that the site should be registered as a waste
disposal site. Should this arise your environmental adviser should be contacted
and he will, if necessary, apply for exemption.

Special regulations relating to waste disposal exist for offshore work

including platform construction/maintenance operations and marine
operations. If in doubt contact your company environmental
manager/adviser.

9.05 Dust, Smoke, Smell, Air Contamination, etc.

The creation of dust, smoke, smell, air contamination, etc. is stipulated in the
Environmental Protection Act as a statutory nuisance and, as such, would be
actionable at criminal law with notices being issued to abate the nuisance. If not
considered at tender, the resultant unexpected cost of compliance could be
substantial. Allowance must be made therefore for items such as:

. Dust control.
. Carting away trees or other combustible materials as waste, rather than burning
on site.

. Enclosure/...
 . Enclosure of works (to prevent dust escaping).
. Piping away exhaust fume where it affects others (including
adequate maintenance of equipment)
. Control of glare from lighting (intrusive to local inhabitants).
. Adequate supervision of contaminated sites.

If in the foreseen circumstances a statutory nuisance can be envisaged, your

environmental adviser must be notified.

9.06 Water Disturbance

When tendering for contracts or undertaking sub contract tender enquiries, it must
be made clear that the National Rivers Authority demand complete protection of all
water courses or ground water, from either deliberate or accidental discharges or
abstraction. It is imperative that this is borne in mind and tendered for when
contamination of water or an effect on local hydrology is possible, for instance in
the following circumstances:-

. Pumping out excavations.

. Cleaning down buildings or roads, etc.
. Wash out from plant (including vehicle wheel washers).
. Oil/chemical spill.
. Sewage/effluent discharge.
. Temporary diversion of water course.
. River crossings.
. De-watering process.

In any cases where this is perceived as possible, the advice of your environmental
adviser must be sought when he will discuss the matter with the NRA.

9.07 Other Environmental Constraints

Where other environmental constraints are identified, and no provision is made for
compliance, your environmental adviser should be notified who will then discuss
the matter with the relevant authority.

9.08 Advice to Tendering Sub Contractors

Where environmental constraints are identified during the tender process

consideration should be given to making tendering sub contractors aware of the
constraint and the likely commercial effect.

9.09/...
9.09 Assessment of Sub Contractors

It is a policy requirement that only those sub contractors who can demonstrate a
commitment to environmental conservation should be invited to tender for work.
Estimators or procurement personnel charged with tender costing should therefore
implement this requirement where the environmental performance of a sub
contractor is previously unknown.

10.00 Procedure

10.01 General

Certain environmental matters will always be present and, if not addressed at

tender stage could prove costly in the event of litigation or by notice served.
To prevent this, the check list at Appendix B should be completed prior to
tender submission.

CONTRACT AWARD

11.00 Guidance

On award of the contract it may be necessary to contact the authorities which

police and enforce environmental legislation and practice. The relevant bodies
are listed below, together with their areas of responsibility.

Controlling Authority Controlled Activity

Local Authority Noise/Vibration (Request after planning

(Environmental Health Dept normally) permission granted)
OR Street Works
as detailed in Scotland Trees (Preservation)
Traffic routing/parking restrictions
Road cleaning
Prescribed processes and substances

Waste Regulatory Authority Waste

(County/Local/Metropolitan Special Waste (3 days before movement)
as appropriate) Registration of carriers
Licensing of disposal sites
(Borrow pits etc) (In advance of deposit)

National/...
 National Rivers Authority Water course pollution
Water Purification Authorities Discharges to water
(Scotland) River diversions
Work adjacent to foul sewers (7 days
notification)

Water Utilities Discharge to sewers

12.00 Procedure

12.01 On contract award the check list at Appendix B must be reviewed and implemented where
appropriate.

At this stage, your environmental adviser must be contacted and his advice
obtained relating to liaison with enforcing bodies.

Notification to, or contact with the appropriate enforcing authorities will be made at this
stage and a list of names and telephone numbers of contacts within the policing
authorities produced. This list should be kept by the site manager on his appointment.

PRE-COMMENCEMENT STAGE

13.00 Guidance

13.01 At planning stage/pre commencement it is essential to review, in greater detail,

the environmental implications identified and proposed at tender stage. The
purpose is to check that no significant environmental problems have been
overlooked and that no additional environmental requirements have been
disclosed since tender stage. Further, to detail the methods to be employed
during the contract in ensuring environmental management which accords with
both legislative requirements and good practice.

13.02 The checklist at Appendix B lists the final checks to be carried out, prior to work
commencing.

13.03 It is important to remember that this is the stage at which local inhabitants should be
informed of the proposed works, of expected inconveniences likely to be suffered and of
our "open door" policy to resolve difficulties. Contact names and telephone numbers
should be issued at this stage.

14.00/...
14.00 Procedure

14.01 The procedures to be adopted at the pre-commencement stage are contained in the
checklist at Appendix B.

14.02 Ensure the appointment of a staff member to act as liaison manager with local inhabitants .
Telephone numbers of the site and contact names should be issued and staff informed as
to procedures to be adopted in the event of receipt of an environmental complaint. This
procedure must include notification of the complaint, at the earliest possible stage, to your
environmental adviser.

PRE CONTRACT/START MEETINGS

15.00 Guidance

It is essential to ensure that all personnel, be they direct, sub or work package, are aware of
environmental arrangements or constraints and of any individual/company duties for
compliance. At any pre contract or pre start meetings, the check list at Appendix B may
be used to form the basis of discussions with either the in-house team, sub or work
package contractors and, if necessary, the client or his representative.

16.00 Procedure

16.01 At these meetings, use Appendix B as an environmental agenda and when actions are
identified within the check list as requiring further attention, the fact must be minuted and
the action identified against an individual or company name, so that no doubt exists as to
who is responsible for what action.

16.02 Should a serious environmental hazard be identified at the meeting, the matter must be
minuted and your environmental adviser informed.

CONTRACT STAGE

17.00 Guidance

17.01 At the commencement of the contract it is essential to bring together all the
matters identified as having environmentally damaging potential in the design and
pre commencement check lists. The site manager will be responsible for ensuring
that individual or company duties are actioned by those concerned who should be
made aware of their environmental responsibilities, both at law and in the company
environmental policy.

17.02/...
17.02 It is essential not only to make new starters aware of environmental restrictions etc.,
but to keep them updated throughout the contract.

17.03 Sub contractors should be kept up to date in environmental matters during

weekly site meetings. However, in urgent cases any environmental matters
should be actioned immediately and in writing without waiting for the weekly
site meeting.

18.00 Procedure

18.01 The site manager should ensure that a copy of the company environmental policy
is available on site with the statement of intent displayed.

18.02 Items identified as requiring action in either the design or pre commencement checklist
must be implemented by the project manager with named personnel for delegated
responsibilities.

18.03 A waste controller must be identified on day 1 who will implement the duty of care
procedure.

18.04 The Project Manager should ensure that all site supervisory staff regularly monitor
environmental matters whilst executing their normal site duties. They should be
made responsible to take whatever instant action is necessary to prevent environmental
damage, therefore throughout the construction stages monitoring and inspection must be
undertaken by site staff and the facts recorded.

18.05 At weekly site meetings, environmental matters should be listed and discussed as a
separate agenda item.

18.06 The NRA pollution prevention guidelines at Appendix C specify precautions which must
be taken into account for certain activities to prevent water pollution. Should there be
any matter arising on site which is not covered in these guidelines the local
NRA office should be contacted for advice (see appendix D for addresses and
telephone numbers). These guidelines form part of this procedure.

18.07 Ensure that environmental matters form part of induction training for all site staff and
operatives.

COMMISSIONING AND TESTING

19.00 Guidance

The selection of material to be used in commissioning and testing activities should, where
possible, not be environmentally harmful.

19.02/...
19.02 Other pollutants which may arise during commissioning viz. noise, vibration, dust, smoke,
smell etc. must be considered. Where permanent equipment control systems are not
operational, e.g. water spray, dust extraction, noise enclosures etc, consideration should be
given to temporary arrangements to effectively control the nuisance/pollution.

Such temporary arrangements should still receive proper design consideration.

20.00 Procedure

20.01 Commissioning procedures should be vetted to prevent environmental problems.

20.02 A checking procedure should be established to ensure that should leaks occur during
commissioning of permanent plant or the building itself, they are quickly identified and
the spread of pollution contained.

20.03 Prior to using any commissioning fluid its means of final collection and disposal should be
established to prevent pollution together with the collection of any leaked fluids.

20.04 A system of written documentation should be introduced to compare and confirm the
operational performance of permanent plant against its design intent criteria. In addition
a written system of acceptance that permanent plant (in operation) reaches the required
environmental performance standards is necessary between client, company contractor,
sub contractors, end user etc.

20.05 Emergency procedures should be considered as part of the Commissioning Procedures and
a written plan which details the emergency arrangements in the event of any significant
environmental incident must be prepared prior to commissioning taking place.

20.06 Should a significant pollution incident occur during commissioning it is essential that your
line manager and Sector Environmental Controller are contacted immediately.

20.07 Where significant water pollution occurs as the result of commissioning, the NRA
must be informed immediately by senior person present.

HANDOVER

21.00 Procedure

Whenever an abatement or control notice or a discharge limit has been served on a

contract works, the client should be reminded at handover so that he is fully aware of any
ongoing restrictions so imposed.

21.01/...
21.01 On handover all plant and equipment operation and maintenance manuals should be
handed to the client so that he is aware of the necessary operating conditions to be
observed to prevent pollution.

21.02 Where any unresolved environmental matters remain at handover stage which could lead
to civil claim or criminal prosecution (e.g. non erection of bund wall around permanent
oil tank due to clients decision to take responsibility for its erection) then the matter must
be recorded in writing to the client.

21.03 Where contract works have been carried out following an environmental impact
assessment it should be confirmed at handover stage that the requirements within the EIA
have been fulfilled.

SITE CLEARANCE

22.00 Procedure

At handover stage it is imperative that all waste materials or possible pollutant materials
are removed from site.

22.01 Should the client request that any surplus material be left on site for his beneficial use
later the fact should be recorded in writing making it abundantly clear that he accepts
responsibility for it, that it is not waste material and its final disposal will be his
responsibility.

22.02 Following site clearance the client should be invited to agree that the site is clear of any
waste, polluting or contaminative materials. If possible the agreement should be recorded
in writing.

22.03 Any site records made relating to environmental matters, e.g. waste transfer notes, noise
notices, consents etc. must be forwarded to your environmental manager/adviser for his
retention for the appropriate period.

NOTICES SERVED

23.00 Procedure

23.01 Notice, consent, letter etc. pertaining to any environmental matter must be sent in the
first instance to the Group Safety and Environmental Controller with copies to your
environmental adviser/manager. This is necessary to ensure that any control notice
or document has been properly served on the registered office of the company
concerned. In the meantime, any such document received must be fully complied
with and copies served on sub contractors or others likely to be affected by the
document contents.

23.02/...
23.02 Should any sub contractor or other party e.g. the client be served with any document
mentioned in 23.01 above in relation to our contract works they must be duty bound to
make us aware of the contents and we should then pass the information on to others
affected. Written confirmation that compliance is complete will be required from the sub
contractor prior to him continuing his work. To ensure this takes place, the requirement
to notify us should be made contractual.

PROSECUTIONS

24.00 Procedure

24.01 Should any summons be received in relation to environmental matters it must be

forwarded immediately to the Group Safety and Environmental Controller who in
conjunction with the Managing Director of the company concerned and Group Legal
Department, will brief solicitors and handle the matter directly.

VISITS BY ENFORCING AUTHORITIES

25.00 Procedure

25.01 Upon any visit by an officer of any enforcing authority the project manager should be
made aware and he in turn should notify his environmental adviser. The enforcing officer
should be accompanied during his visit at all times, a note made of his actions and
comments and compliance with any reasonable request made.

25.02 Should any samples be taken the company is entitled to a share of the sample and this
must be obtained, if it is refused the fact must be recorded. Details of the exact origin of
the sample, time of sampling and the method used should also be requested.

25.03 Should a statement be requested the following should be adhered to.

1. Request the presence of a 3rd party (project manager or equivalent)

who should take notes.
2. Immediately notify your environmental manager/adviser and your line
manager.
3. Make a statement if requested.
4. If cautioned, you are under no obligation to continue. In this event
immediately seek advice from either Group Legal Department or the
Group Safety and Environmental Controller.
5. Request a copy of any statement made and make it clear that you wish
a copy of the statement to be made available for your employer.

MAINTENANCE/...
MAINTENANCE (PERIOD)

26.00 Procedure

26.01 Where maintenance operations impose a serious environmental risk any such operation
may only be carried out under the guidance of, and in compliance with a prepared
environmental method statement and/or clients/occupiers environmental codes.

26.02 Maintenance staff/operatives must be briefed that their operations must not affect the
environmental integrity of plant nor allow any pollution by use of environmentally
unsound practices or materials.

POST CONTRACT AND COMPLETION ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

27.00 Procedure

27.01 Whenever an environmental problem is raised by the client after his occupation the
environmental manager/adviser should be notified at the earliest opportunity.

RL/JAB
Revision 0/3.94
APPENDIX A
Page 1 of 2 APPENDIX A

DESIGN CHECK LIST

N.B. The criteria set out in this design check list should be considered and completed during the design phase.
Please answer questions by either Y (Yes) or N/A (Not Applicable)
Inherent In Construction/ Operational/ Action Action Taken & Date
Design Itself Commissioning Maintenance Required by
Phase (NAME)

1. HAVE THE FOLLOWING BEEN ADDRESSED BY EITHER

- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

OR

- PRELIMINARY SCOPING EXERCISE

Effects on:-

- Human Beings
- Flora & Fauna
- Soil
- Water
- Air
- Climate
- Landscape
- Interaction between any of the foregoing
- Material Assets
- Cultural Heritage

2. HAVE THE FOLLOWING BEEN ADDRESSED

- Selection of material for minimum environmental impact

- Energy source selection/conservation
- Re-processing and re-use of materials
- Construction methods for minimum environmental impact
- Operating procedures for minimum environmental impact
Page 2 of 2 APPENDIX A

DESIGN CHECK LIST

N.B. The criteria set out in this design check list should be considered and completed during the design phase.
Please answer questions by either Y (Yes) or N/A (Not Applicable)
Inherent In Construction/ Operational/ Action Action Taken & Date
Design Itself Commissioning Maintenance Required by
Phase (NAME)

3. WASTE

- Minimisation
- Collection
- Retention
- Disposal
- Registration

4. AUTHORISATION
Is authorisation necessary by relevant authority for:-

- Discharges to land
- Discharges to water
- Water Abstraction
- Discharges to Air
- Noise levels
- Vibration
- Dust

5. GENERAL
Has pollution/contamination from the following been addressed:-

- existing land/buildings/structures
- pumping of excavations, sumps, mine workings etc.
- use of chemicals
- ground water disturbance
- bulk fuel storage/use
- pipeline installation or failure
- use of concrete/cement/other materials
- river crossings
- sewage/effluent disposal
- air contamination
APPENDIX B
 APPENDIX B
(7 PAGES)

THE PROJECT MANAGER HAS FINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLETION

OF THIS FORM AND MONITORING PROGRESS

AND, WHERE APPLICABLE, COMPLIANCE

COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO CONTRACT DIRECTOR

AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISER

1/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
Have all contractual environmental matters been addressed?

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

a) Is an EIA required?
b) Have the requirements in (a) above been addressed?
c) If no EIA has been completed has a preliminary scoping exercise been carried out?
d) Have the requirements in (c) above been addressed?

ENERGY SOURCE SELECTION

Has an energy source been specified?
Has that specification been addressed?
Have energy conservation measures been considered?

TEMPORARY WATER SUPPLY

Have water conservation measures been specified or requested?
If not, have you considered them?
If not, how will you control wastage?

OTHER TEMPORARY SERVICE CONNECTIONS

Has Water Authority approval been received for connection of sewage disposal?
Are temporary facilities required meanwhile?
If yes, have disposal arrangements been made?

STORAGE FACILITIES
Have bulk storage facilities been located so that environmental pollution will not occur in event of
escape. e.g. have storage tanks been checked for leaks, locks applied, bunded to 110%, interceptors placed
etc.
Specify materials considered for bulk storage below:
2/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
STORAGE FACILITIES CONTINUED.
Have emergency procedures been prepared in the event of escape of stored materials?
If not, who has been appointed to write the emergency procedures?

ROADS/RIGHTS OF WAY
Are roads in at earliest possible stage?
Is a wheel washer required?
If yes - Has disposal of contaminated water been addressed?
Has road cleaning been specified or is it required?
If yes, has an order been placed?
Have dust suppression arrangements been made?
Are temporary roads (viz haul roads) licensable (i.e. will tipping of waste to create temporary road
be seen as unlicensed disposal)?
Is surface water drainage protected from foreseeable pollution from the works?
Are rights of way likely to be breached?
If yes, have alternative safe routes been planned?

MATERIAL RE USE (DEMOLITION AND GROUND WORKS)

Have the works been planned to minimise waste arising from the site?
Will storage of re-usable materials require waste regulatory authority approval?
Have demolition or groundworks been designed with environmental protection in mind?
Have arrangements been made to dispose of all remaining demolition waste materials in compliance
with company procedures, legislation and in accordance with codes of good practice?

LAND POLLUTION
Is there existing contamination on the site?
If yes, have arrangements been made to:
a) Remove from site?
b) Retain on site, confine and protect?
If yes to (b) is an exemption required under waste disposal regulations?
If yes, has it been applied for?
Will the contamination be defined as special waste?
If yes, have the special waste procedures been prepared?
Is a specialist required during the works, e.g. chemist?
3/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
AIR POLLUTION
. Are emissions likely to arise from site working? e.g. dust, fumes, etc.
.. If yes, are these likely to cause a statutory nuisance or offence to inhabitants, or affect vision on roads
etc?
. Has plant positioning been planned to ensure that exhaust fumes or dust etc are vented
away from occupied buildings to avoid nuisance?
. Is it the intention to dispose of any material by burning?
.. If yes, has local authority approval been sought and obtained in writing?

WATER POLLUTION
. Have all water courses and sources been identified?
.. If yes, have all contractors been made aware of their existence and position?
. Have all areas/means of possible pollution been identified? e.g. leakage from storage,
fuelling points, chemical, paint stripping, cleaning processes, etc.
.. If yes, have all contractors been made aware?
. Will any river banks be disturbed or water courses diverted?
.. If yes, is a consent required and has it been obtained?
. Have sewage lines been identified?
.. If yes, have adequate precautions been taken to protect them?
. Have drinking water lines been identified?
.. If yes, have adequate precautions been taken to protect them?
. Have process services been identified and marked where necessary?
e.g. fuel line, chemical line, effluent lines. (N.B. Particular care must be taken in
nuclear establishments).
.. If yes, have adequate precautions been taken to protect them?

(Pumping Operations)
. Have all foreseeable pumping operations been identified?
. Have adequate means been established to prevent the pumped water directly
entering water courses, sources or drains (e.g. through settlement tanks, filtration etc).
OR
has authority to pump into any of the above been sought from NRA water authorities, client,
etc.? (in writing)
4/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
WATER POLLUTION (Pumping Operations) Continued/..
. Have emergency pumping arrangements been made in event of plant breakdown or
unexpected flood etc?
N.B Be aware of nuisance noise from continuous pumping operations.

STATUTORY NUISANCES

NOISE
. Does the contract include noise limitation control?
.. If yes, is it a statutory or client requirement?
.. If it is a statutory requirement, has contact been established with the local authority?
.. Have arrangements been made to restrict noise to the required levels?
.. Have arrangements been made for monitoring and recording noise levels?
.. Have sub contractors been made aware of restrictions or notice?
. Is it the intention to apply for a consent to carry out the works under Section 61 Control
of Pollution Act 1974?
.. If yes, has contact been made with the local authority and your environmental adviser?
. If no contractual noise limitation exists and no consent is being applied for; has provision
been made to allow for any restrictions which may be imposed under a notice served under
Section 60 - Control of Pollution Act 1974?
N.B. Remember noise includes vibration.
5/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
OTHER STATUTORY NUISANCES)
Statutory nuisances, which are actionable at law are defined (in the Environmental Protection Act) as:
. Premises prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Smoke emitted from premises prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Fumes or gas emitted from premises prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Dust, steam, smell or effluvia emitted from premises prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Accumulation or deposit prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Animals kept creating a nuisance or prejudicial to health
. Noise prejudicial to health or a nuisance
. Any other matter identified by statute as a nuisance
. Where any works may create any of the above nuisances not dealt with elsewhere in this check
list.
a) Have steps been taken to prevent complaint?
b) Have the workforce been made aware?
c) Have sub contractors been made aware?
d) Has a public relations exercise been undertaken?

WASTE (GENERAL)
. In accordance with company duty of care procedures, have the following been addressed
a) Letter to client
b) Letter to sub contractors re waste carriage
c) Arrangements for collecting and holding waste:
. Have waste arrangements been discussed with the Waste Regulatory Authority and
with the knowledge of your environmental adviser?
. Is on site retention for extensive periods OR on site disposal of waste
anticipated?
. If so, has Waste Regulatory Authority exemption been sought?
d) Registration details of carrier
e) Identification of place of disposal

N.B If material (top soil etc.) is not specifically identified for re-use on the site, it may be
considered to be waste.
6/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
ENVIRONMENTAL METHOD STATEMENTS
Has the need for environmental method statement(s) been identified for specific activities? If yes, please
specify below.
7/... of 7 PRE COMMENCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECK LIST YES NO/ DETAILS
N/A
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

Detail below any other environmental matters not covered in this checklist, which require to be addressed.
APPENDIX C
 APPENDIX C

POLLUTION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

INTRODUCTION

PPG 1 12/92 GENERAL GUIDE TO THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF

CONTROLLED WATERS

PPG 2 12/92 ABOVE GROUND OIL STORAGE TANKS

PPG 3 12/92 THE USE AND DESIGN OF OIL SEPARATORS IN SURFACE

WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

PPG 4 12/92 DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE WHERE NO MAINS DRAINAGE IS

AVAILABLE

PPG 5 1/93 WORKS IN, NEAR OR LIABLE TO AFFECT WATERCOURSES

PPG 6 12/92 WORKING AT DEMOLITION AND CONSTRUCTION SITES

PPG 7 9/93 FUELING STATIONS: CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

PPG 8 12/92 SAFE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF USED OILS

PPG 9 8/93 THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF CONTROLLED

WATERS BY PESTICIDES

PPG10 7/93 POLLUTION FROM HIGHWAY DEPOTS

TGN 1 3/93 USE OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER AND STEAM

CLEANERS
 APPENDIX C

NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY POLLUTION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

These guidelines are taken from the pollution prevention series of documents produced by the National Rivers
Authority and our thanks are extended to them for allowing reproduction of the guidelines.

The notes are for guidance only and the NRA recommend early consultation with them where it is anticipated
water pollution problems may be encountered.

Throughout the guidelines the term "separator" is used instead of "interceptor" - both have the same meaning.
 PPG1

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

General Guide to the Prevention of Pollution of Controlled Waters

1. GENERAL

The NRA is responsible for the protection of "controlled waters" from pollution under the
Waste Resources Act of 1991, and it is an offence under the Act to cause such pollution,
either deliberately or accidentally. "Controlled waters" include all watercourses and water
contained in underground strata. The formal consent of the National Rivers Authority is
required for many discharges to controlled waters. This includes both direct discharges and
discharges to soakaways. Such consents are not granted automatically.

2. SURFACE WATER DISPOSAL

a. Oil Separators (Interceptors)

An oil separator may be required, depending on the type of development. A set of
guidelines detailing when a separator is required and separator design is at PPG3.

b. Car Parks and Yards

Due to the risk of pollution from oil, petrol or chemical spills, surface water systems serving
these areas may require oil separation. Covered areas should drain to the foul sewer if
possible. Under some circumstances a cut-off valve may be required to prevent polluting
discharges reaching controlled waters.

c. Garage Forecourts and Fuel Delivery Areas

Due to the potential for pollution from these sites, oil separation will be required. Under
normal circumstances site drainage may pass to the surface water system, although in
exceptional cases connection to the foul sewer may be necessary. Effluent from the
cleaning of forecourts must not be discharged to controlled waters. The provision of cut-off
valves and raised kerb surrounds may be required.

d. Vehicle Wash
Vehicle wash waters should not be discharged to the surface water drains, watercourses or
soakaways. Developers should consult the Water Utilities Trade Effluent Control staff
regarding the acceptability of discharging this drainage to the foul sewer. Alternatively,
vehicle wash recycling systems are available.

e. Unloading Bays and Waste Compactor Sites

Consultation with the NRA is required as these areas may have to be isolated and connected
to the foul sewer, particularly if chemicals, refuse or other polluting matter is handled. Flow
cut-off valves and raised kerb surrounds may be required.
 PPG1

3. OIL STORAGE AND PIPELINES

a. Guidelines for above ground oil storage tanks are at PPG2. In general any oil storage tank
and oil stored in drums should be sited on an impervious base within an oil-tight bund. No
damp course should be provided in the bund wall structure and there should be no drainage
outlet. The bunded area should be capable of containing 110% of the volume of the tank
and all fill pipes, draw pipes and sight gauges should be enclosed within its curtilage. The
tank vent pipe should be directed downwards into the bund.

b. Underground oil tanks and pipelines may be subject to damage and corrosion and above
ground facilities are preferred. When this is not practicable appropriate protective measures
against damage and corrosion should be provided. In some vulnerable areas underground
tanks may be subject to special restrictions.

4. SEWAGE DISPOSAL

All foul sewage from any development should pass to the local foul sewer if possible.
Where there is no foul sewer available or specific problems arise, then other arrangements
should be discussed with the NRA. The alternatives will normally require a formal consent
from the Authority. Further advice is available in PPG4 regarding disposal of sewage.

5. CHEMICAL STORAGE AREAS

Drainage from these areas may present special problems and full consultation with the NRA
should take place to minimise the risk of pollution.

6. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION SITES

Detailed guidelines for these sites and for those working in or near watercourses are at
PPG6. However, it is important to note that where site dewatering is involved the prior
approval of the NRA should be obtained. Any discharge must be free from solids in
suspension, oil, or other polluting materials.

7. FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENTS

All drainage manhole covers which lie within a flood plain should be of screwdown cover
design and sink waste gullies should be built up above flood level.
 PPG2

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Above Ground Oil Storage Tanks

1. GENERAL

All tanks, pipework, gauges and structures should be constructed to recognised engineering
standards and in accordance with the appropriate British Standard Institution Specification,
codes of Practice or other statutory requirements. The tank contents should be clearly
marked on the tank.

2. THE STORAGE TANK

a. This should be located where it can be inspected externally for corrosion or leaks.

b. It must be provided with sound foundations to avoid settling.

c. The vessel should be protected internally and externally against corrosion and marked with
the product type and tank capacity.

d. Water from within a tank should be drawn off to prevent freezing and splitting of the
drain/valve during cold weather.

e. Every part of the tank should be within the bund including all valves, filters, filling point
and the vent pipe.

3. BUND

a. The bund should consist of a base and surrounding walls which must be constructed or lined
with a material impermeable to the oil stored.

b. The bund should not have any damp proof course.

c. Pipework should not pass through the bund. However, if this is unavoidable, the material
used for sealing around the pipe must be resistant to attack by the oil stored.

d. The capacity of the bund should be at least 10% greater than the capacity of the storage tank
or, if more than one tank is involved, the capacity of the largest tank within the bunded area.
Hydraulically inter-linked tanks should be regarded as a single tank.

e. There must be no outlet directly connecting the bund to any drain, sewer or watercourse or
discharging onto a yard or ground.

f. Normally rainwater evaporates from within the bund. Should there be a need to remove
accumulated rainwater, it can be removed by a manually operated pump discharging through
an oil separator of an approved design.
 PPG2

4. THE PIPEWORK

a. All pipework should be sited above ground where possible in order to facilitate inspection
and repair work and protected against corrosion. The pipework should be well supported
and safeguarded from damage in vulnerable areas.

b. Separate fill pipes should be provided for each tank unless the tanks are interconnected by a
balance pipe of greater flow capacity than the fill pipe.

c. Fill pipes should be clearly marked with the product type and a tank number where more
than one tank is involved.

d. Fill pipes should be located within the confines of the bund and be fitted with a suitable
lockable fill cap with chain.

e. Air vent pipes should be positioned so they can be seen easily and directed so that any
discharge from them (e.g. in the event of the tank being overfilled) is directed into the bund.

f. Where a pipeline has to be laid underground it should be placed in a protective sleeve or

duct with open grating covers for inspection purposes. If this is not possible the pipeline
should be of a non-ferrous material.

g. Underground pipework should also be protected from damage resulting from excessive
surface loading.

h. Remote fill points are not recommended, but where these are unavoidable the surface
drainage from such areas should pass through a suitably sized oil separator of an approved
design.

i. Pump sets sited outside the bund should where possible be fitted with a non return/check
valve installed in the feed line. In some cases a bunded area for the pump set and associated
pipework may be required.

j. A draw off pipe must be fitted with a lockable valve sited on the pipework within the
bunded area and as close as possible to the tank outlet.

5. TANK CONTENTS MEASUREMENTS

a. Adequate means of measuring the quantity of oil should be provided.

b. Dip sticks should be properly calibrated and only used in the tank for which they are
intended.

c. Sight gauge tubes should be well supported and fitted with valves which are resistant to
unauthorised interference and vandalism. The valve should automatically return to the off
position when level readings are not being taken.
 PPG2

d. Dial gauges where fitted should be in a prominent position and regularly checked for
accuracy.

e. The use of high oil level alarms (audible and/or visual) is recommended.

6. VALVES OR COCKS

a. These should be as resistant to unauthorised interference and vandalism as possible, with

lockable or removable hand wheels.

b. They should be of bronze or steel and arranged so that there can be no discharge outside the
bund wall. They should be marked to show whether they are open or closed, and kept
locked where not in use and fitted with a blanking cap or plug.

c. Where appropriate, a notice should be displayed requiring that valves and trigger guns be
kept locked when not in use.

The following drawing gives outline details of a typical storage tank installation.
N.B. Draw off line MUST include a lockable draw off valve at tank outlet.
 PPG3

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

The Use and Design of Oil Separators in Surface Water Drainage Systems

1. SITES NORMALLY REQUIRING OIL SEPARATORS

a. Oil storage and handling areas.

b. Industrial yard areas.

c. Areas where vehicle maintenance is likely to take place.

d. Commercial vehicle parks.

e. Large car parks.

f. Certain lengths of motorway and trunk road designated by the National Rivers Authority as
high risk.

g. Lock-up garage blocks (in excess of 10 units)

2. SITES NORMALLY NOT REQUIRING OIL SEPARATORS

a. Small car parks.

b. Most normal stretches of highway.

Note: These areas should be provided with deep seal trapped road gullies to BS.5911 1982 with a
minimum water seal of 85mm.

3. SEPARATOR DESIGN CRITERIA

a. The maximum flow received by the separator should be given at least six minutes retention.
This flow should be calculated in accordance with the design criteria used for the drainage
system which, will usually be based on a rainfall rate of 50mm per hour. See Item 5.

b. Conventional separators (i.e. those without integral by-passes or separate oil storage
compartments) should be of single chamber construction.

c. Multi-chamber units are discouraged but, if used, six minutes retention should apply to each
chamber or to the largest chamber only. The total capacity should not be used for
calculating retention times.

d. The minimum overall capacity of any oil separator should be one cubic metre.
 PPG3

e. By-pass style separators, approved by the NRA, may be used for large areas allowing flows
generated by rainfall in excess of 5mm per hour to by-pass the separator through a properly
designed overflow device.

f. The inlet to the main chamber should not be direct to the water surface.

g. Clean uncontaminated water such as roof drainage should preferably be discharged

downstream of the device.

h. Adequate facilities must be provided for inspection of the separator and tanker access must
be available for cleaning purposes.

i. Where a separator is provided in a drainage system, trapped gullies are not necessary unless
required to satisfy any other regulations.

j. Where it is anticipated that large quantities of silt may jeopardise the efficient operation of a
separator, an independent up-stream silt trap should be incorporated in the system.

k. Adequate venting arrangements should be incorporated in the structure. In many cases

ventilated covers will be sufficient.

l. In some cases flow cut-off valves may be required to isolate the separator.

4. MAINTENANCE

It is important to recognise that oil separators require regular maintenance. A routine

programme of inspection should be established, and the separator cleaned as required.

NOTE: A separator will not work properly for soluble oils or if detergents or
degreasing agents are present.

5. SEPARATOR SIZE

To determine the minimum separator capacity required for conventional single chamber
units, based on 6 minutes retention, multiply the catchment area in square metres by a factor
of 5 to give a separator volume in litres.

e.g. for catchment area 800 sq.m.

Single chamber separator capacity = 800 x 5 = 4000 litres

For approved By-pass units, a factor of 0.5 is used.

e.g. By-pass separator capacity = 800 x 0.5 = 400 litres.

 PPG4

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Disposal of Sewage Where no Mains Drainage is Available

1. CESSPOOLS

a. A cesspool is a covered watertight tank used for receiving and storing sewage and has no
outlet. It is essential that it is, and remains, impervious to the ingress of groundwater or
surface water and to leakage.

b. A cesspool requires regular emptying and should not be allowed to overflow. Emptying
services may be provided by your Local Authority or a Contractor. (You are advised to
check as emptying services may be non-existent or expensive in your area). N.B.
Disposal of sewage will be classified as waste disposal and subject to legislation. See
your company procedures relating to waste disposal.

c. The average household of three persons will produce seven cubic metres of sewage (the
capacity of a typical emptying tanker) in about three weeks. (In the region of 100-150
litres of effluent per person per day.)

d. It is desirable that a cesspool should not be sited closer than 15 metres to any dwelling
and as far away from any watercourse as possible - normally not less than 10 metres.

e. The minimum capacity of a cesspool is prescribed by the Building Regulations as 18

cubic metres [18,000 litres] and at least 45 days storage should be provided.

f. No consent from the National Rivers Authority is required for a cesspool.

2. SEPTIC TANKS

a. A septic tank is typically a two or three chamber system in which the sewage sludge is
retained for sufficient time and under appropriate conditions to partially break down
(anaerobic decomposition) and from which an effluent discharge takes place.

b. It is important to note that effluent from a septic tank is not suitable for discharge to
watercourse without further treatment.

c. Effluent from a septic tank may be disposed of by soakage into the ground provided that
disposal does not generate a pollution risk to surface streams or groundwater resources
(underground water).
 PPG4

d. Before effluent can be disposed of by soaking away into the ground the area of land
required has to be established by means of a percolation test which is described at the end
of this guidance note. Areas of heavy clay or steeply sloping sites are not normally
suitable. The National Rivers Authority does not carry out percolation tests.

e. The capacity of a septic tank should be calculated using the following formula:

C = (180P + 2000)
Where

C = Capacity of the tank in litres.

P = Population served.

f. A septic tank should be de-sludged and serviced at least every 12 months.

g. The septic tank and soakaway area should be sited not less than 10 metres from any ditch,
drain or watercourse. Soakaway pipes should be located at as shallow a depth as possible,
usually within 1 metre of the ground surface.

h. It is preferable that a septic tank and soakaway should be sited not closer than 15 metres
from any dwelling.

i. National Rivers Authority consent may be required for the discharge into the ground. See
section 5 below.

j. Septic tanks and soakaways should not be installed in the vicinity of any well or borehole.
The minimum distance required will depend on specific site conditions.

3. PACKAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

a. Package sewage treatment plants are either self contained units for the treatment of
sewage or units which treat effluent from septic tanks to a higher standard.

b. The effluent from a package plant is normally suitable for discharge directly to a
watercourse or into or onto land where septic tank effluent may be considered unsuitable
because of pollution risks. For discharges into land, see also section 2j above.

c. Most package plants require electric power to operate and all will require regular
maintenance and de-sludging in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

d. National Rivers Authority consent will be required for the discharge. See section 5
below.
 PPG4

e. The consent will set quality and volume limits for the discharged effluent. Therefore it is
essential that assurance from the manufacturer/supplier is obtained as to the reliability and
performance of the plant.

4. NEW PUBLIC SEWERS

Under certain circumstances it may be possible to "requisition" a new or extended public

foul sewer from the water undertaker. For further information on this contact your local
authority or water undertaker.

5. CONSENT REQUIREMENTS

a. Under the provisions of the Water Resources Act 1991, National Rivers Authority
consent is required for any discharge of sewage effluent into a watercourse, a lake or pond
and may also be required for any discharge into or onto land.

b. Such consents are not granted automatically, and are not normally granted where a public
foul sewer is available.

c. If a discharge is to be made to a 'Main River' watercourse, a separate National Rivers

authority permission will also be required under the provisions of the Land Drainage Act
1991.

d. Other permissions may be required, for example from a riparian owner, drainage board or
Local Authority and you should contact the appropriate person/Council as soon as
possible.

e. There is an administration charge made by the National Rivers Authority for application
for consent and an annual fee to cover monitoring and other costs. Full details can be
supplied on request.
 PPG4

Percolation Test

a. Excavate a hole 300 mm square to a depth 250 mm below the proposed invert level
(bottom of pipe) of the land drain.

b. Fill the 300 mm square section with water and allow to seep away overnight.

c. Next day, refill the section with water to a depth of no more than 300 mm and observe the
time in seconds for the water to seep away completely.

d. Divide this time by the depth of water in millimetres placed in the hole. this answer gives
the average time required for the water to drop 1 mm.

This is the percolation value (V in seconds)

e. Carry out the test three times and take the average figure. Avoid extreme weather
conditions like drought, frost and heavy rain.

f. If the percolation value exceeds 100 sec/mm then ground conditions may be unsuitable
for discharge from a septic tank system and if pursued may cause ponding of septic
effluent due to inefficient soakage. An alternative means of disposal will have to be
considered.

g. The floor area of land drains required may be calculated from:

A = P x V x 0.25

Where

P is the number of persons served by the tank.

V is the percolation value described above.

For full details of the percolation test please consult British Standard Code of Practice for
the Design and Installation of Small Sewage Treatment Works and Cesspools BS 6297:
1983.

If in doubt, consult your professional advisor or local authority Building Control Officer
for advice.
 PPG5

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Works in, Near or Liable to Affect Watercourses

1. LEGISLATION

Your attention is drawn specifically to the following legislation:-

i) Water Resources Act 1991

ii) The Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
iii) Land Drainage Act 1991

It should be noted that under Section 85 of the Water Resources Act, 1991 it is an offence
to discharge poisonous, noxious or polluting material, (which includes silt, cement,
concrete, oil, petroleum spirit, sewage or other polluting matter) into any "controlled
waters", (which includes any watercourse or underground strata) either deliberately or
accidentally.

2. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

a. In executing any works precautions must be taken to secure the complete protection of
rivers, streams, ditches other watercourses and water in underground strata against silting,
erosion or pollution. If, notwithstanding these precautions such silting, erosion or
pollution does take place then the National Rivers Authority should be advised
immediately and immediate action should be taken to minimise the effect on the
watercourse.

b. Any works on or near a foul sewer and especially a trunk sewer pose a major threat of
pollution, and at least seven days notice in writing should be given to the National Rivers
Authority prior to starting any such works.

c. Where slag is to be used at locations where drainage from the material can directly or
indirectly enter surface or underground waters, the material must be well weathered.

3. SILT & CEMENT

a. The placing of any wet concrete in or close to any watercourse must be controlled so as to
minimise the risk of cement leaking into the watercourse.

b. The washing out of any concrete mixing plant or cleaning of ready mix concrete lorries
must be carried out so as to prevent the effluent from such cleaning being allowed to flow
into any drain or watercourse.

c. Haul roads on the site and approaches to river crossings must be regularly scraped and
maintained free from deposits of mud.
 PPG5

d. Before any discharge of water is made from the site, adequate provisions must be made to
ensure that it will not be polluting. In some cases this will require the construction of a
lagoon to settle solids. All such methods of treatment, including lagoon sizes, must be
agreed with the Authority prior to the discharge being made.

Note: Under Section 85 of the Water Resources Act, 1991, it is an offence to discharge
trade or sewage effluent into controlled waters without the prior consent of the Authority.

4. OIL & CHEMICALS

a. All fuel and chemical storage must be adequately bunded and secured. Any bund must be
impermeable to the material stored and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 % of the
volume of the largest tank. Refuelling must be strictly controlled and together with any
oil storage tanks should be confined to a location remote from any watercourse or drain.
Leaking or empty oil drums must be removed from the site immediately. Detailed
guidelines on above ground oil storage are at PPG2

5. PREVENTION OF FLOODING

a. Prior approval must be obtained form the National Rivers Authority for all
temporary works which involve construction, erection, re-erection or
modification during work which:-
i) may interfere with the bed or banks or flood channel of any watercourse, or
ii) is within 8 metres of the bank of any main river, or
iii) is within 16 metres of any tidal defence.

b. Notwithstanding any prior consent to carry out works, the National Rivers
Authority must be given seven (7) days notice in writing of any intention to
either temporarily or permanently divert the flow of any watercourse, carry out
works within the river channel or commence any operations in the river channel
so that suitable arrangements can be made concerning fishery interests.

6. CLEANING BRIDGES ETC.

a. Where bridges and other structures over, or adjacent to, rivers are being cleaned
or repainted, debris should be prevented from falling into the watercourse or onto
the embankment. Provision to collect solid debris and waste paint etc. should be
incorporated into working methods.

7. CONTACTING THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY

a. Those working close to watercourses often see evidence of pollution which may
not otherwise come to the attention of the NRA. Such occurrences should be
notified promptly to the nearest NRA office.
 PPG6

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Working at Demolition and Construction Sites

1. LEGISLATION

Your attention is drawn specifically to the following legislation:-

i) Water Resources Act 1991

ii) The Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
iii) Land Drainage Act 1991
iv) Environmental Protection Act 1990

It should be noted that under Section 85 of the Water Resources Act, 1991, it is
an offence to discharge poisonous, noxious or polluting material, into any
"controlled waters", either deliberately or accidentally. Polluting materials
include silt, cement, concrete, oil, petroleum spirit, sewage or other debris and
waste materials. "Controlled waters" include all watercourses and water
contained in underground strata. Road drains and surface water gullies generally
discharge into controlled waters and should treated as such.

2. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

a. In planning and carrying out any works, precautions must be taken to secure the
complete protection of watercourses and water in underground strata against
pollution. These should include an investigation of past use of the site to ensure
that the operations will not disturb contaminated land.
If pollution should occur, then the site operator should advise the National Rivers
Authority immediately and take prompt action to minimise the effect.

b. A common cause of pollution from sites is vandalism and theft. Sites should,
therefore, be adequately protected by secure fences and locked access where
possible.

3. SILT & CEMENT

a. The washout from concrete mixing plant or the cleaning of ready mix concrete
lorries must not be allowed to flow into any drain or watercourse.

b. Site roads must be regularly scraped and kept free from deposits in order to
prevent silt, oil or other materials entering any drain or watercourse.

c. Any lorry wheel wash facilities should be securely constructed with no overflow
and the effluent should be contained for proper treatment and disposal.
 PPG6

d. Before any discharge of water is made from the site, adequate provisions, such as
settlement lagoons, must be made to ensure that pollution will not occur. The
local NRA office should be consulted in order to obtain approval.

Note: Under Section 85 of the Water Resources Act, 1991, it is an offence to discharge trade
or sewage effluent into controlled waters without the prior consent of the Authority.

4. OIL & CHEMICALS

a. All fuel and chemical storage must be sited on an impervious base within a bund
and secured. The base and bund walls must be impermeable to the material
stored and of sufficient capacity to contain 110% of the volume of the largest
tank. Filling and refuelling must be strictly controlled and together with any oil
storage tanks should be confined to a location remote from any watercourse or
drain. Leaking or empty oil drums must be removed from the site immediately.

Detailed guidelines concerning above ground oil storage tanks are at PPG2.

b. All valves and trigger guns should be as resistant to unauthorised interference

and vandalism as possible, and should be turned off and securely locked when
not in use.

c. The contents of any tank should be clearly marked on the tank, and a notice
displayed requiring that valves and trigger guns be locked when not in use.

d. Any tanks or drums should be stored in a secure container or compound, which

should be kept locked when not in use.

e. Before any tank is removed or perforated, particularly during demolition works,

all contents and residues must be emptied by a competent operator for safe
disposal. Pipes may contain significant quantities of oil or chemicals, and should
be capped, or valves closed, to prevent spillage.

5. CONTACTING THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY

If a polluting discharge should occur, the material should be contained (by using
sand or soil, for example) and the NRA should be notified immediately at their
nearest office.
 PPG7

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Fuelling Stations: Construction and Operation

1. LEGISLATION

Your attention is drawn specifically to the following legislation:-

i) Water Resources Act 1991

ii) The Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
iii) Land Drainage Act 1991

It should be noted that under Section 85 of the Water Resources Act, 1991, it is
an offence to discharge poisonous, noxious or polluting material (which includes
oil and petroleum spirit, sewage or other polluting matter) into any "controlled
waters", (which includes any watercourse, coastal waters or underground strata)
either deliberately or accidentally.

iv) The Petroleum (Consolidation) Act, 1928

The safe keeping of petroleum spirit (petroleum products that give off a
o
flammable vapour at a temperature of less than 21 C) is regulated by a licence
issued under the provisions of The Petroleum (Consolidation) Act, 1928, by
Harbour, Fire and Civil Defence Authorities and County Council. Licence
conditions may be imposed in relation to other substances and activities within
the licensed site as far as they are affected by the presence of the petroleum spirit.

2. GUIDANCE

The Health and Safety Executive has produced a guidance document HS(G)41,
Petrol filling stations: Construction and Operation (reference 1), which amongst
other things incorporates advice on petrol interception and storage tank design
and installation. Although the advice is specifically provided for the safe
keeping of petrol, much of it has environmental benefits. The booklet should be
read in conjunction with this guidance note.
(N.B. Filling stations storing and dispensing diesel fuel only are not covered by
The Petroleum (Consolidation) Act, 1928 or HS(G)41).

3. GENERAL

a. Planning, construction, installation, operation and maintenance of filling stations

should be in accordance with Health and Safety booklet HS(G)41, Petrol filling
stations: Construction and Operation.

b. When an existing site is to be redeveloped, the developers should be required to

carry out an investigation of ground contamination and to undertake remedial
works where necessary.
 PPG7

c. The NRA's policy on Groundwater Protection identifies zones where there is an

unacceptably high risk of pollution from certain activities (eg due to the
proximity of a potable abstraction). Underground storage fuel within these zones
would pose such a risk, and the Authority will oppose any such new installations.

4. DISPOSAL OF SURFACE WATER

a. All areas within the curtilage of a filling station should be positively drained on
an impervious surface. Any joint in the surface must be adequately sealed and
those sealants must be resistant to attack from petrol and oil products.

b. Under normal circumstances, rainfall derived site drainage will pass to surface
waters. If this is a direct discharge to 'controlled waters' the formal consent of
the NRA under the provision of the Water Resources Act 1991 will be required.
If the discharge is made to a public surface water sewer the consent of the
sewerage undertaker may be necessary. In exceptional cases discharge to the foul
sewer, subject to the consent of the sewerage undertaker, may be required.

c. Surface water drainage from all areas except uncontaminated roof water must
discharge through a full retention oil/petrol separator with a minimum capacity
adequate to contain at least the maximum contents of a compartment of a road
tanker likely to deliver petrol at the filling station. (See attachment 'a' at the end
of this guidance note). Separators will be required to conform to the new
European Standard which should be completed in 1994. (See attachment 'b' at
the end of this guidance note). In the meantime separators shall comply with the
local requirements of the NRA and Petroleum Licensing Authorities, which may
include reference to the Draft European Standard PREN 858-1. By-pass units are
not suitable for use on petrol station forecourts.

d. Oil separators require regular maintenance in order to ensure they remain

effective. A routine programme of inspection and maintenance should be
established, and the separator emptied and refilled with clean water as required.

5. OTHER EFFLUENTS

a. All vehicle wash waters should pass to the foul sewer, where available, subject to
the consent of the local sewerage company. In the absence of a suitable foul
sewer such effluents should be contained in a sealed storage vessel and either
recirculated or disposed of off-site. A dedicated area, graded to ensure wash
waters are directed to the effluent collection point, should be provided.

b. Unless forecourts drain to either foul or combined sewers which discharge to a

treatment plant, degreasing or steam cleaning of the forecourt shall not take place
unless:
 PPG7

i) Any liquid is soaked up using absorbent material which is disposed of

off-site. Disposal will be classified as waste disposal and subject to
legislation. See your company procedures relating to waste disposal.
Sealing of gullies may be appropriate to prevent liquid or absorbent
entering the drainage system.

or

ii) A closure valve is fitted at the oil separator outlet which is closed during
the cleaning operation and all accumulated washings removed for
disposal off-site. An alarm should be installed to indicate that the
closure valve is in the 'shut' position.

6. FUEL STORAGE

All underground fuel storage tanks shall meet the requirements of HS(G)41 or
subsequent guidance documents. All above ground fuel storage tanks with
current NRA guidelines (Reference 4) and HS(G) 50 and 51 (References 2
& 3).

REFERENCES

1. Petrol Filling Stations: Construction and Operation HS(G)41 ISBN 0-11-885449-6

2. Storage of Flammable Liquids in Fixed Tanks HS(G)50 ISBN 0-11-885532-8

3. Storage of Flammable Liquids in Containers HS(G)51 ISBN 0-11-885538-7

All available from HMSO

4. Pollution Prevention Guidelines: Above Ground Oil Storage Tanks PPG2

 PPG7

Attachment 'a' SEPARATOR DESIGN CRITERIA

a. The maximum flow received by the separator should be given at least six minutes
retention. This flow should be calculated in accordance with the design criteria used for
the drainage system, which will usually be based on a rainfall rate of 50 mm per hour.

b. The separator should be of a single chamber construction and should not have an
integral by-pass.

c. Multi-chamber units are discouraged but, if used, six minutes retention should apply to
each chamber or to the larger chamber only. The total capacity should not be used
for calculating retention times.

d. The minimum capacity of the oil separator should be adequate to contain at least the
maximum contents of a compartment of a road tanker likely to deliver petrol at the
filling station. This requirement will usually ensure that requirement for 6 minutes
retention is exceeded. This may be checked by multiplying the catchment area in
square metres by a factor of 5 to give a separator volume in litres.

e. The inlet to the main chamber should not be direct to the water surface.

f. Clean uncontaminated water such as roof drainage should preferably be discharged

downstream of the device.

g. Adequate facilities must be provided for inspection of the separator and tanker access
must be available for maintenance and cleaning purposes.

h. Gullies draining to the separator should be of the trapped type to prevent the spread of
fire.

i. Where any closure valved is fitted, an audible or visual alarm should be installed to give
warning that it is closed.

j. Adequate venting arrangements should be incorporated in the structure.

Attachment 'b' EUROPEAN STANDARDS

Manufacturers are already producing separators to the draft standard. These are classified
according to their separating efficiency under test conditions. Class I units will normally
contain a coalescing filter and will be used when a high level of performance is required. Class
II units will be conventional gravity separators. For discharges to the foul sewer a Class II unit
would be appropriate. Discharges to surface water may require either a Class I or a Class II
unit according to local circumstances.

Separators will be fitted with automatic devices such as an audible alarm or a warning light to
give warning before the maximum level of oil storage is reached and to close the outlet from
the separator when this level is attained.
 PPG8

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Safe Storage and Disposal of Used Oils

1. GENERAL

The NRA is responsible for the protection of "controlled waters" from pollution under
the Water Resources Act of 1991, and it is an offence under the Act to cause such
pollution, either deliberately or accidentally. "Controlled waters" include all
watercourses and water contained in underground strata.

2. OIL POLLUTION

Oil is one of the most commonly reported types of water pollution and causes nearly a
quarter of all pollution incidents. Careless disposal of oil into drainage systems, onto
land or to watercourses is not only an offence but can be harmful to river birds, fish and
other wildlife. Because of the way it spreads, even a small quantity can cause a lot of
harm - a gallon of oil can completely cover a one-acre lake. Clean-up operations can be
expensive, the costs of which will be recovered from the offender.

3. DISPOSING OF USED OIL

Do not tip oil into any drains or onto land, as this will result in pollution of rivers
or an underground water resource.

a. Used engine oil arising from car maintenance should be taken to an oil bank. These
will be found at most civic amenity sites and at some garages and certain major car
accessory retailers. Your local authority recycling officer should be able to provide you
with details of where these may be found. It is important not to contaminate used oil
with other materials, such as white spirit, paint or solvents, as this makes recycling
extremely difficult.

b. Larger quantities of used oil, such as hydraulic fluid or lubricants from lorries, buses or
mechanical plant should be stored securely for collection by a registered contractor who
will pay for the oil. Used oil is a valuable asset and should be treated as such.

c. Small amounts of vegetable cooking oil or animal fats can be used as bird food by using
it to soak or fry bits of bread. Cooking oils from major users such as fish and chip
shops can be collected to be reprocessed to cooking oil or animal feed.

d. At sites such as garages, used oil can be generated in large quantities. This oil can be
collected by a registered contractor, or alternatively it may be feasible to use it as a fuel
for space heating. This will require adequate storage to balance the supply with the
variation in demand through the year and will need an appropriate burner. Such
installations require authorisation by the local authority environmental health
department.

e. Transformer oil is a special oil used in electrical transformers. Older transformers used
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and if these are present they require expert handling
to avoid serious pollution. Advice should be sought from the local authority or the
NRA.
 PPG8

4. OIL STORAGE AND PIPELINES

a. Separate guidelines for above ground oil storage tanks are at PPG2. In general any oil
storage tank and oil stored in drums should be sited on an impervious base within an
oil-tight bund. No damp course should be provided in the bund wall structure and there
should be no drainage outlet. The bunded area should be capable of containing 110%
of the volume of the tank or the largest drum; any fill pipes or funnels, draw pipes and
sight gauges should be enclosed within its curtilage. Any tank vent pipe should be
directed downwards into the bund.

b. Underground oil pipelines may be subject to damage and corrosion and above ground
pipelines are preferred. When this is not practicable, appropriate protective measures
against damage and corrosion, such as double wall piping or laying the pipe in a conduit
should be provided.
 PPG9

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

The Prevention of Pollution of Controlled Waters by Pesticides

1. GENERAL

The NRA is responsible for the protection of "controlled waters" from pollution under
the Water Resources Act, 1991, and it is an offence under the Act to cause such
pollution,either deliberately or accidentally. "Controlled waters" include all
watercourses and water contained in underground strata (groundwater).

2. PESTICIDE USE

Before pesticides are considered for use it is important to examine alternative methods
of control which may cause less harm to the environment. If chemical control is the
only answer then the problem (pest, weed or disease) and the desired result must be
clearly identified, a COSHH assessment made and the correct product selected, using
degradable, non-persistent pesticides whenever possible.

3. PESTICIDE POLLUTION

Even when diluted many pesticides are potentially toxic to fish and other water life.
There is increasing concern about the levels of pesticides found in watercourses and
groundwaters, many of which are sources of drinking water.
For example, as little as 250 grammes of pesticide could be enough to cause the
daily supply to a city the size of London to exceed the permitted limits. Every
year pollution incidents occur as a direct result of poor storage, preparation,
application or disposal of pesticides. Safe storage of undiluted pesticides, careful
application, particularly near watercourses, safe disposal of both diluted solution
and the empty containers are all essential in order to prevent water pollution.

4. PESTICIDE STORAGE

a. Professional users should store products according to statutory requirements and

preferably to the BASIS standard. In general pesticides should be stored off the ground
to prevent rusting of metal containers. The store should be clearly marked and a record
of the contents kept in a separate place. Pesticides stores should be fire resistant, should
be kept locked and should not be situated where they could pollute groundwater or
surface waters. Small quantities should be kept in a secure weather-proof vault or
container and larger quantities in a bunded or kerbed store approved by the NRA and
the Fire Prevention Officer. Consultation with the Health and Safety Executive, local
planning officer and crime prevention officer may also be appropriate.

b. Domestic users should store products out of the reach of children and in the original
packaging. It is essential that the disposal of unwanted products is carried out safely -
contact the local council waste recycling officer for advice.
 PPG9

5. PESTICIDE PREPARATION

Always read the instruction carefully. If your require clarification of the instructions,
contact the supplier or manufacturer. You should always aim to produce no waste. To
do this, the amount needed should be calculated carefully and the application rate
controlled effectively. Even so, most spraying operations will leave some diluted
solution that needs disposal.

Filling and washing of containers should be done in specified locations only, built so
that any spillages are contained in that area for subsequent removal and disposal. It is
preferable that closed chemical transfer systems are used, as these minimise the risk of
spillage and provide effective rinsing of the container.

6. PESTICIDE APPLICATION

Do not spray directly over ditches, watercourses and open drains, or allow spray to drift
into water. The prior consent of the NRA is required if you wish to use herbicides in or
near water. Only herbicides approved for use in or near water should be used to control
aquatic weed and bankside vegetation - always check with the NRA first.

7. DISPOSAL OF PESTICIDES AND CONTAINERS

When spraying is completed all equipment should be cleaned, washed and rinsed. The
volume of washings produced will be considerably reduced by integral rinsing systems.
As an alternative the tank should be flushed with small volumes of water rather than
simply filling and emptying.

These effluents must never enter watercourses. The use of a soakaway is not
acceptable to the NRA. There are a number of alternative options for disposing of the
washings:

a. Re-use in further batches of the same spray (providing maximum concentration not
exceeded).

b. Removal by specialist waste disposal contractors.

c. Use of suitable equipment to treat the waste. (Disposal of the treated waste should be
discussed with the NRA).

d. Spraying onto uncropped land with only minimal wildlife value and poor vegetation.
(Prior discussion with the NRA is essential).

e. Application to a previously untreated crop if permitted by the product label.

 PPG9

Many manufacturers encourage the return of unwanted or unused containers and are
introducing specially designed reusable containers. If it is not possible to return the
container, a reputable waste disposal contractor will have to be used. Empty containers
must be thoroughly cleaned before disposal, preferably during mixing operations.
Puncture containers after cleaning so that they cannot be used in the future. Some
waste disposal sites are licensed to accept empty containers. The local Waste
Regulation Authority can provide advice on this. It may also be possible to burn or
bury empty containers, providing this is done in accordance
with the Code of Good Agricultural Practice for the Protection of Water.

DEALING WITH SPILLAGES

In the event of a spillage, the pesticide should be contained using adsorbent material such as
sand or sawdust. It must not be hosed into any drains, soakaways or streams
If there is a risk that ground or surface waters might be contaminated contact the NRA
immediately on 0800 80-70-60. Such prompt notification may enable the NRA to minimise the
effect of the spillage and prevent serious consequences.

REFERENCES

Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Pesticides on Farms and Holdings £5.00
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988
Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 - Part III
Guidance for Control of Weeds on Non-Agricultural Land
All available from HMSO
Storage of Approved Pesticides - Guidance for Farmers and other Professional Users (HSE
Guidance Note CS19)

Code of Good Agricultural Practice for the Protection of Water, available free from MAFF
Publications, London SE99 7TP or from the NRA.
 PPG10

Pollution Prevention Guidelines

Pollution from Highway Depots

1. GENERAL

The NRA is responsible for the protection of "controlled waters" from pollution under
the Water Resources Act, 1991, and it is an offence under the Act to cause such
pollution either deliberately or accidentally. "Controlled waters" include all
watercourses and water contained in underground strata.

2. INTRODUCTION

The prevention of ice formation and the de-icing of highways within the UK is carried
out almost exclusively using rock salt complying with BS3247. Approximately 2
million tonnes of rock salt are purchased annually for this purpose. The environmental
impact of rock salt is well documented and providing the application rates specified
within Department of Transport guidelines are followed, the use of salt on highways is
unlikely to lead to levels in the water environment that threaten aquatic life or drinking
water supplies.

However, because of the large quantities stored, there is the possibility of pollution of
our rivers and ground waters, due to run-off from rock salt stockpiles. This can come
from both the salt itself and the sodium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent which is often
added to it. Even when a stockpile is removed, the ground beneath it may remain
contaminated. Other di-icing products (e.g. urea) may also present a pollution threat.

This note aims to provide guidance on safe arrangements for the storage of de-icing
products to avoid pollution and to identify other potential sources of pollution at
highway depots.

3. SALT STORES AND LOADING DEPOTS

The NRA recommends that all such stores are roofed, or if this is not practicable
covered over with an impermeable membrane and situated on an impervious base at
least 10m away from the nearest watercourse. Drainage from stores and loading areas
should pass to the foul sewer or a sealed tank. Approval for the latter must be sought
from the Trade Effluent department of the appropriate Sewerage Undertaker. If
drainage from these areas does pass to a watercourse or soakaway a consent will be
required from the NRA.

Measures such as a ramp across the entrance should be taken to ensure that salt from the
store is not allowed to encroach onto the open yard.

Road side salt stores, which are usually uncovered, may cause localised problems and
the NRA should therefore be consulted about their location and the means of storage.
 PPG10

4. UREA STORES

Stores containing urea or acetate should comply with the standards outlined in the DOT
Trunk Road Maintenance Manual, Volume 2 (Routine and Winter Maintenance Code).
However it is important to stress that any drainage from the store or urea loading area
should be positively drained and should not pass into the surface water system or to
soakaways.

Fires involving urea stores represent a considerable pollution threat, as any fire water
run-off is likely to be extremely polluting. In the event of fire the NRA must be
informed promptly and efforts made to contain any fire fighting water. In some cases
consideration should be given to allowing the store to burn down, in consultation with
the fire service.

5. VEHICLE AND PLANT CLEANING

The cleaning of loading areas, vehicles and other plant (even if not contaminated with
salt or urea) must not be carried out in areas which discharge to surface water drains,
watercourses or soakaway, as the effluent produced is likely to contain a wide variety of
contaminants. In order to avoid pollution it is advisable to designate a wash bay which
should be connected to the foul sewer. This should be surrounded with a raised kerb to
prevent wash waters for entering nearby surface water drains. Consultation with the
appropriate Water Utilities Trade Effluent Control staff will be necessary. As an
alternative, vehicle wash recycling systems are available, or the effluent may be
contained within a sealed drainage system or catchpit for off-site disposal via an
authorised waste contractor.

Mobile high pressure water and steam cleaners can cause problems and separate
guidelines dealing with these are at TGN1.

6. OIL STORAGE

a. Detailed guidelines for above ground oil storage tanks are available at PPG2. In general
any oil storage tank and oil stored in drums should be sited on an impervious base
within an oil tight bund. No damp course should be provided in the band wall structure
and there should be no drainage outlet. The bunded area should be capable of
containing 100% of the volume of the tank or the largest drum: any fill pipes or
funnels, draw pipes and sight gauges should be enclosed within its curtilage. Any tank
vent pipes should be directed downwards into the band.

b. Underground oil pipelines may be subject to damage and corrosion and above ground
pipelines are preferred. When this is not practicable, appropriate protective measures
against damage and corrosion, such as double wall piping or laying the pipe in a
conduit, should be taken.
 PPG10

7. PROTECTION OF THE SURFACE WATER SYSTEM

All highway depots should be served by an oil separator on the surface water system.
This is particularly important where there are refuelling facilities. In addition the
fuelling area itself should be surrounded by a raised kerb and should only be cleaned
when measures are taken to prevent the effluent produced reaching controlled waters.
See separate guidance notes on oil separators (PPG3) and fuelling areas (PPG7).

8. MAINTENANCE WORKSHOPS

Internal gullies or grids must not drain to the surface water system. If the workshop pit
is subject to infiltration water and is served by a gulley and pump then this should be
directed to the foul sewer.

9. CHEMICAL STORAGE AREAS

Drainage from these areas, particularly those where herbicides are stored, may present
special problems and full consultation with the NRA should take place to minimise the
risk of pollution. Guidelines dealing with pesticides are at PPG9.
 TGN1

Guidance Note on the Use of High Pressure Water & Steam Cleaners

1. GENERAL

The NRA is responsible for the protection of "controlled waters" from pollution under
the Water Resources Act of 1991, and it is an offence under the Act to cause such
pollution, either deliberately or accidentally. "Controlled waters" include all
watercourses and water contained in underground strata. The formal consent of the
National Rivers Authority is required for many discharges to controlled waters. This
includes both direct discharges and discharges to soakaways. Such consents are not
granted automatically.

2. INTRODUCTION

Pressure washers provide a fast and effective mechanism for the removal of dirt, grease
and applied surfaces such as paintwork from vehicles, machinery and impermeable
surfaces. Wash waters containing the dislodged dirt or grime are usually disposed of to
a nearby drainage system.

The pressure washer may either be permanently stationed at the cleaning bay or
transported to the application site. All that is required is an adequate water supply, a
power source and a suitable means of waste disposal.

3. THE PROBLEM

Pressure washers may produce large volumes of waste water ranging from 50-900 litres
0
of water per hour at temperatures as high as 120 C.

Traffic film removers or other cleaning chemicals may be added to increase the
effectiveness of the operation and on occasions abrasive agents such as sand or grit may
be incorporated with the wash waters.

In many cases power washers are used in open hardstanding areas where the drainage
system has been installed to deal solely with uncontaminated surface water or rainwater.
The resulting effluent usually discharges from the site via these drains.

4. HOW WATER POLLUTION OCCURS

Open yards, garage forecourts and car parking areas normally drain to surface water
drains which ultimately discharge to local streams or occasionally underground
soakaways. Consequently should this drainage system become polluted either by
spillage or contaminated wash waters, pollution of the receiving stream or underground
water table can occur.

5. HOW TO AVOID WATER POLLUTION

In order to avoid the risk of pollution the operator must first ensure that the drainage
area which will receive contaminated wash waters does not pass to the surface water
system. If in doubt, contact the local council, sewerage undertaker or alternatively the
NRA for advice.
 TGN1

If cleaning is normally carried out in one place, it is advisable to designate the area as a
washdown bay by surrounding the site with a raised kerb and by directing the effluent to
the foul sewer, if available. Discharges to the foul water sewer may require the formal
approval of the sewerage undertaker and prior authorisation should be obtained. New
connections to the sewerage systems may be subject to Building Regulation approval.
In the event that disposal to the foul sewer is not possible, the effluent must be
contained within a sealed drainage system or catchpit for off-site disposal via an
authorised waste contractor.
The cleaning of drainage systems using pressure washers may present special
difficulties however the onus for avoiding water pollution is the responsibility of the
discharger.

6. WATER POLLUTION AND WHAT IT COSTS

Pollution can render surface water and groundwater unsuitable for legitimate uses.
When sources of pollution are found the NRA will take legal action where necessary.
Such action may result in the discharger being fined up to a maximum of £20,000 on a
summary conviction. Penalties in a higher court are likely to be more severe. The cost
incurred for remedying or mitigating the effects of pollution may also be recovered by
the NRA from the polluter.

7. REMEMBER

Effluent produced by pressure washing may constitute a trade waste and special
precautions must be taken and your company procedures relating to waste disposal
applied accordingly. The NRA will be pleased to offer advice on your particular
application. If in doubt contact your nearest NRA office.
APPENDIX D
 APPENDIX D

NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY OFFICES

ENGLAND AND WALES

The Regional Office numbers should be 24 hour emergency contact, but check with Local
Office. NRA is planning to establish a central emergency number.

NRA Headquarters Severn Trent Region

Rivers House Sapphire East
Waterside Drive 550 Streetsbrook Road
Aztec West Solihull
Almondsbury West Midlands
Bristol B91 1QT
BS12 4UD

Tel: 0454 624400 Tel: 021 711 2324

Regional Offices

NRA Anglian Region NRA Southern Region

Kingfisher House Guilborne House
Goldhay Way Chatsworth Road
Orton Worthing
Goldhay West Sussex
Peterborough BN11 1LD
PE2 OZR

Tel: 0733 371811 Tel: 0903 820692

NRA Northumbrian Region NRA South West Region

Eldon House Manley House
Regent Centre Kestrel Way
Gosforth Exeter
Newcastle Upon Tyne EX2 7LQ
NE3 3UD

Tel: 091 213 0266 Tel: 0392 444000

NRA North West Region NRA Thames Region

Richard Fairclough House Kings Meadow House
Knutsford Road Kings Meadow Road
Warrington Reading
WA4 1HG RG1 8DQ

Tel: 0925 53999 Tel: 0734 535000

Continued/......
 -2-

NRA Welsh Region NRA Wessex Region

Rivers House Rivers House
St Mellons Business Park East Quay
St Mellons Bridgwater
Cardiff Somerset
CF3 OLT TA6 4YS

Tel: 0222 770088 Tel: 0278 457333

NRA Yorkshire Region

21 Park Square South
Leeds
LS1 2QG

Tel: 0532 440191

 RIVER PURIFICATION AUTHORITIES OFFICES

SCOTLAND

Clyde River Purification Board Tay River Purification Board

Rivers House 1 South Street
Murray Road Perth
East Kilbride PH2 8NJ
Glasgow
G75 OLA

Tel: 03552 38181 Tel: 0738 27989

Forth River Purification Board Tweed River Purification Board

Clearwater House Burnbrae
Heriot Watt Research Park Mossilee Road
Avenue North Galashiels
Riccarton TD1 1NF
Edinburgh
EH14 4AP

Tel: 031 449 7296 Tel: 0896 2425

Highland River Purification Board Shetland Islands Council

Strathpeffer Road Department of Environmental Health
Dingwall 3 Commercial Road
IV15 9QY Lerwick
ZE1 OLX

Tel: 0349 62021 Tel: 0595 3535

North East River Purification Board Western Isles Islands Council

Greyhope House Department of Environmental Health
Greyhope Road Sandwick Road
Aberdeen Stornoway
AB1 3RD Isle of Lewis
PA87 2BW

Tel: 0224 248338 Tel: 0851 703773

Solway River Purification Board

Rivers House
Irongray Road
Dumfries
DG2 OJE

Tel: 0387 720502