Python Learning Handbook
Steps 1 to 30 - Detailed & Decorative Notes
By Naitik Sir & ChatGPT (GPT-5)
Step 1
Step 1: Introduction to Python
- High-level, interpreted language
- Emphasizes readability with simple syntax
- Example:
print('Hello World')
Step 2
Step 2: Variables & Data Types
- Variables store data values.
- Data Types: int, float, str, bool
- Example:
x=5
y = 3.14
name = 'John'
Step 3
Step 3: Strings
- Immutable sequences of characters.
- String operations: concatenation (+), repetition (*), slicing.
- Example:
msg = 'Hello'
print(msg[0:3])
Step 4
Step 4: Numbers
- int, float, complex.
- Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %, **, //
Step 5
Step 5: Lists
- Ordered, mutable collections.
- Example:
mylist = [1, 2, 3]
[Link](4)
Step 6
Step 6: Tuples
- Ordered, immutable collections.
- Example:
t = (1, 2, 3)
Step 7
Step 7: Dictionaries
- Key-value pairs.
- Example:
mydict = {'name':'John', 'age':30}
Step 8
Step 8: Sets
- Unordered, no duplicates.
- Example:
s = {1, 2, 3}
Step 9
Step 9: Conditional Statements
- if, elif, else.
- Example:
if x > 0:
print('Positive')
Step 10
Step 10: Loops
- for loop: iterate over sequences.
- while loop: runs until condition false.
Step 11
Step 11: Functions
- Defined with def keyword.
- Example:
def greet():
print('Hello')
Step 12
Step 12: Function Parameters
- Positional, keyword, default values.
- Example:
def add(a=0, b=0): return a+b
Step 13
Step 13: Return Values
- Functions can return data using return.
- Example:
def square(x): return x**2
Step 14
Step 14: Scope
- Local, global variables.
- Use global keyword for modification.
Step 15
Step 15: Lambda Functions
- Small anonymous functions.
- Example: square = lambda x: x**2
Step 16
Step 16: Map, Filter, Reduce
- map(): applies a function to all items.
- filter(): filters items.
- reduce(): reduces sequence.
Step 17
Step 17: List Comprehensions
- Short way to create lists.
- Example: [x**2 for x in range(5)]
Step 18
Step 18: Modules & Packages
- Reusable code files.
- import math
Step 19
Step 19: Exception Handling
- try, except, finally.
- Example:
try: x=1/0
except ZeroDivisionError: print('Error')
Step 20
Step 20: File Handling
- open(), read(), write(), close().
Step 21
Step 21: Read & Write Files
- 'r', 'w', 'a', 'rb', 'wb' modes.
Step 22
Step 22: Working with JSON
- import json
- [Link](), [Link]()
Step 23
Step 23: Classes & Objects
- OOP basics.
- Example:
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand):
[Link] = brand
Step 24
Step 24: Instance & Class Variables
- Instance variables are unique to each object.
- Class variables shared.
Step 25
Step 25: Methods
- Instance, class (@classmethod), static (@staticmethod)
Step 26
Step 26: Inheritance
- Child class inherits from parent.
- Example:
class Dog(Animal): pass
Step 27
Step 27: Method Overriding
- Redefine parent method in child.
Step 28
Step 28: super() Function
- Calls parent class methods.
Step 29
Step 29: Multiple Inheritance
- Inheriting from multiple parents.
Step 30
Step 30: Polymorphism
- Same method name, different implementations.