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Understanding Optical Instruments

The document discusses optical instruments, focusing on simple and compound microscopes, as well as refracting and reflecting telescopes. It details the formulas for calculating magnification for images at different distances and highlights the limitations of refracting telescopes. Key concepts include the relationship between object height, angles subtended, and the magnifying power of these instruments.

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3 views6 pages

Understanding Optical Instruments

The document discusses optical instruments, focusing on simple and compound microscopes, as well as refracting and reflecting telescopes. It details the formulas for calculating magnification for images at different distances and highlights the limitations of refracting telescopes. Key concepts include the relationship between object height, angles subtended, and the magnifying power of these instruments.

Uploaded by

sanialsanil777
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

1. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE

A. IMAGE AT LDD

MAGNIFICATION:

The linear magnification m, for the image formed at the near point D,

𝑣 1 1 𝑣
𝑚= =𝑣 ( − )= 1−
𝑢 𝑣 𝑓 𝑓

But v = D. Thus, the magnification

𝐷
𝑚 = 1+
𝑓

B. IMAGE AT INFINITY (NORMAL ADJUSTMENT)


Suppose the object has a height h. The maximum angle it can subtend, and be clearly
visible (without a lens), is when it is at the near point, i.e., a distance D

ℎ𝑜
The angle subtended is then given by tan 𝜃0 = ≈ 𝜃0
𝐷

ℎ0
Angle subtended by image tan 𝜃𝑖 = ≈ 𝜃𝑖
𝑓

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝜃𝑖 𝐷


So, magnification m = = =
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝜃0 𝑓

2. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE:

A. IMAGE IS AT LDD

We have,

From this, magnification of objective,


𝐿 𝐷
So the total magnification m = 𝑚0 𝑚𝑒 = (1 + 𝑓 )
𝑓0 𝑒

B. FINAL IMAGE AT INFINITY ( NORMAL ADJUSTMENT)

We have,

From this, magnification of objective,


3. REFRACTING TELESCOPE

A. NORMAL ADJUSTMENT

Magnifying power- The magnifying power is the ratio of the angle α subtended at the eye by
the final image to the angle β which the object subtends at the lens or the eye.

Limitations of refracting telescope over reflecting type telescope-


(i) Refracting telescope suffers from chromatic aberrations as it uses large sized lenses.
(iii) The requirement of big lenses tend to be very heavy and therefore difficult to make and
support by their edges
B. FINAL IMAGE AT LDD
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑒

𝑢 = − 𝑢𝑒

𝑣 = − 𝑣𝑒 = -D

4. Reflecting type telescope

MAGNIFICATION

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