Design Patterns

Jeszenszky, Péter
University of Debrecen, Faculty of Informatics
[Link]@[Link]

Kocsis, Gergely (English version)

Last modified: 06.04.2017

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 Abstract Factory (1)
Aim:
– It provides an interface to create a family of
objects that are connected or depend on
each other without defining the exact
classes.

4
 Abstract Factory (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/abstract-factory

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 Abstract Factory (4)
● Known uses
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
/datatype/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
/transform/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link] 7
l/stream/[Link]
 Builder (1)
Aim: It makes the creation of complex
objects independent of their representation.
As a result with the same process we can
create different representations.

8
 Builder (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/builder

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 Builder (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
der
[Link]
/format/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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 Factory method (1)
● Aim:
– It provides an interface to create an object
but it lets the subclasses to decide which
class is instantiated

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 Factory method (2)
● Example:
[Link]
s/tree/master/factory-method

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Factory method (3)

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 Factory method (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
ry#newDocumentBuilder()
[Link]
ml/parsers/[Link]#newDocumen
tBuilder--
– [Link]#new
SAXParser()
[Link]
ml/parsers/[Link]#newSAXParser--

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 Object pool (1)
● Aim: Registers a set of initialized objects for the
service of the demands instead of erasing and
re-instantiating them

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 Object pool (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/object-pool

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 Object pool (3)
● Known uses:
– Pooling database connections (connection pooling)
● E.g.:
– Apache Commons DBCP
[Link]
– HikariCP [Link]
– Vibur DBCP [Link]

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 Prototype (1)
● Aim: By providing a prototype instance it
defines what type of objects are to be created.
The object are copies of this prototype

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 Prototype (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/prototype

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 Prototype (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
/[Link]

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 Singleton (1)
Aim: It lets only one instance to be created from a
class. For this it provides a global acces point.

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 Singleton (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/singleton

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 Singleton (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
/chrono/[Link]

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 More creational patterns
● Factory Kit
[Link]
● Module [Link]
● Monostate
[Link]
● Multiton
[Link]
● Object Mother
[Link]
● Step Builder
[Link]
● Value Object
[Link]
● …
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 Multition (1)
● Aim: It lets only a given number of instances to
be created from a class. For them it provides a
global acces point.

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 Multition (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/multiton

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 Multition (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
h/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
e/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link] 29
chrono/[Link]
 Structural patterns (GoF)
● Adapter
● Bridge
● Composite
● Decorator
● Facade
● Flyweight
● Proxy

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 Adapter (1)
● Aim:
– It converts the interface of a class to the interface
that can be used by other classes.
– By the use of it classes with incompatible intefaces
may work together

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 Adapter (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/adapter

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 Adapter (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
tion/adapters/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
[Link] 33
[Link]
 Bridge (1)
Aim: It separates the abstract representation
from the implementation so that they can be
modified separately.

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 Bridge (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/bridge

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 Bridge (4)
● Known uses:
– JDBC [Link]

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 Composite (1)
● Aim:
– The objects are structured as a tree in order to
illustrate the part-whole relations
– As a result the separate objects and the composits
may be handled as well

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 Composite (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
s/tree/master/composite

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 Composite (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– jsoup: Java HTML Parser [Link]
● [Link]
[Link]

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 Decorator (1)
● Aim:
– Adds more additional responsibilities to classes
dinamically.
– Can be used as an alternative of sub-classes.

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 Decorator (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/decorator

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 Decorator (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
html
● Where the constructor gets InputStream objects, like
[Link].
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
● Where the constructor gets OutputStream objects, like
[Link].
– [Link]#unmodifiableXXX()
[Link]
.html 43
 Facade (1)
● Aim:
– In a sub-system it provides a main interface that
gathers a set of other interfaces.
– By the use of it a higher level interface is provided
in order to make the use of the subsystem more
easy.

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 Facade (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/facade

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 Facade (4)
● Known uses:
– Simple Logging Facade for Java (SLF4J)
[Link]

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 Flyweight (1)
Aim:
– Supports the use of high mass granular objects.

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 Flyweight (2)
● Example:
[Link]
/tree/master/flyweight

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Flyweight (3)

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 Flyweight (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]#valueOf(byte b)
[Link]
api/java/lang/[Link]#valueOf-byte-
– [Link]#valueOf(char c)
[Link]
api/java/lang/[Link]#valueOf-c
har-
– [Link]#valueOf(int i)
[Link]
[Link]#valueOf-int-
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 Proxy (1)
Aim:
– A given object is replaced by another one that
overrides the access to the original object as
well.

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 Proxy (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/proxy

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 Proxy (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
flect/[Link]
– Apache Commons Proxy
[Link]
/

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 More structural patterns
● Abstract Document
[Link]
e/master/abstract-document
● Module
[Link]
e/master/module
● Private Class Data
[Link]
/master/private-class-data
● Twin
[Link]
/master/twin 55
● …
 Twin (1)
● Aim:
– Model multiple inheritance in languages where it is
not supported by default.

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 Twin (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/twin

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 Behavioral petterns (GoF)
● Chain of Responsibility
● Command
● Interpreter
● Iterator
● Mediator
● Memento
● Observer
● State
● Strategy
● Template Method
● Visitor

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 Chain of Responsibility (1)
● Aim:
– The aim is to avoid the connection of the sender of
the request to the receiver
– We do this by providing the right to handle the
request for more objects.
– The receiver objects may be chained. The object
goes in the chain while it reaches such an object
that can handle it.

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 Chain of Responsibility (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/chain

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Chain of Responsibility (3)

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 Chain of Responsibility (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
logging/[Link]

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 Command (1)
Aim:
– It closes queries to an object in order to make it
possible to give these queries as parameters to
other agents

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 Command (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
ns/tree/master/command

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 Command (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
/[Link]

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 Interpreter (1)
● Aim: Represents the grammer of a given
language and provide an interpreter for it that
understands the sentences of that language.

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 Interpreter (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
tree/master/interpreter

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Interpreter (3)

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 Interpreter (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
e/format/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
egex/[Link]

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 Iterator (1)
Aim:
– It provides a sequential access to elements of
complex objects without showing the representation
of the objects

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 Iterator (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
tree/master/iterator

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Iterator (3)

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 Iterator (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
api/java/util/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]

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 Mediator (1)
● Aim:
– The aim is to provide an object that controls the the
cooperation of a set of objects
– By this mmethod we create a weak connection
where the objects do not refer to each other and the
connectins between them may be modified
independently of each other

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 Mediator (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/mediator

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Mediator (3)

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 Mediator (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]

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 Memento (1)
● Aim:
– Save the show the inner state of an object without
breaking enclosure so that later the object can be
loaded back to this previous state

79
 Memento (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
ns/tree/master/memento

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 Memento (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
● See getTime() and setTime(long time) methods.

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 Observer (1)
● Aim:
– Provides a connection between objects so that if an
object changes all other objects depending on it are
informed about that

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 Observer (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/observer

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 Observer (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
api/java/util/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

85
 State (1)
● Aim:
– It lets the object to change its behavior by changing
its inner state.
– Appearingly the object changes its class.

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 State (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/state

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State (3)

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 Strategy (1)
● Aim:
– Defines an algorithm family in which the algorithms
are collected to separate units making it able to
replece them by each other
– As a result the algorithm can be modified
independently of the client

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 Strategy (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
/tree/master/strategy

90
 Strategy (3)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
● See binarySearch(), max(), min() and sort()
methods.
● Related interfaces:
– [Link]
[Link]
html
– [Link]
[Link]
tml
91
 Template method (1)
● Aim
– It provides the skeleton of the algorithm of a given
method while letting the subclasses the implement
the steps.
– As a result the subclasses may override given steps
of the algorithm without modifying the structure of it

92
 Template method (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
s/tree/master/template-method

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Template method (3)

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 Template method (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
ml
– [Link]
[Link]
tml
– [Link]
[Link]
ml
– [Link]
[Link]
tml
– [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
 Visitor (1)
● Aim:
– Represents an operation that can be executed on
the elements of an object structure
– By the use of this pattern we can define a new
operation without the need of changing the class of
the affected elements

96
 Visitor (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
tree/master/visitor

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 Visitor (4)
● Known uses:
– [Link]
[Link]
e/[Link]
– [Link]
[Link]
ng/model/element/[Link]
[Link]
r
[Link]
g/model/element/[Link]
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 More behavioral patterns
● Null Object
[Link]
tree/master/null-object
● Servant
[Link]
/tree/master/servant
● Specification
[Link]
/tree/master/specification
● …
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 Null object (1)
● Aim:
– Provide an alternative of the null reference to
indicate the absence of an object by the use of an
object that implements the required interface by
providing only empty method bodies for the abstract
methods.

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 Null object (2)
● Example code:
[Link]
tree/master/null-object

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