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Data Concepts: Types, Collection, and Analysis

The document explains the concepts of data, information, and knowledge, highlighting the differences between structured and unstructured data. It also covers data collection, storage, processing, and summarization techniques, including statistical measures like mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation. Additionally, it introduces metadata as data about data, aiding in the management of large datasets.

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15 views1 page

Data Concepts: Types, Collection, and Analysis

The document explains the concepts of data, information, and knowledge, highlighting the differences between structured and unstructured data. It also covers data collection, storage, processing, and summarization techniques, including statistical measures like mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation. Additionally, it introduces metadata as data about data, aiding in the management of large datasets.

Uploaded by

yotubechannel1510
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Understanding Data

Meaning of Data Types of data


• Data = raw facts, figures, observations. • Structured data: well-defined format (tables, databases,
• Information = processed data that carries meaning. spreadsheets).
• Knowledge = interpreted information applied in • Unstructured data: no fixed format (images, audio,
context. videos, free text).
Examples: Metadata
• Data: 87, 65, 42 • Definition: Data about data. Helps in indexing, searching,
• Information: “These are marks of a student.” categorizing, managing large datasets.
• Knowledge: “The student needs improvement in Examples:
subject scoring 42.” • Book metadata → title, author, ISBN, publication year.
• File metadata → size, date created, format type.
Data Collection- process of gathering raw data (facts, Data Storage - Method of saving data in digital or physical
figures, observations) from different sources for form so it can be retrieved and used later.
analysis. It is the first step in data processing and Key aspects: capacity, speed, reliability, cost, accessibility.
decision-making. Examples: Hard Disk Drives (HDD), Solid State Drives (SSD),
Optical Discs (CD, DVD, Blu-ray)
Data Processing- converting raw data into meaningful Summarising data using statistical techniques
information using systematic methods. • Mean- The average of given values.
It is the third step after Data Collection and Data Given n values x1, x2, x3…. xn, mean is computed as
Storage. Aim is to better decision making, analysis, ∑𝑛1 𝑥
and reporting. 𝑛
• Median- The mid value when data are sorted in
ascending/descending order.
• Mode- The data value that appears most number
of times.

Measures of variability
• Range- The difference between the maximum and minimum values.
Let M be the largest or maximum value and S is the smallest or minimum value in the data, then Range is
the difference between two extreme values i.e. M-S or Maximum - Minimum.
• Standard deviation- The positive square root of the average of squared difference of each value from the
mean.

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