Proposed Three Storey Residential Bldg.

Structural Analysis and Designs

Presented to
Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa, Jr.
Associate Professor V
Structural and Geotechnical Engineer
College of Engineering and Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Western Philippines University

In partial fulfillment of the

CE – 107

Presented by:
Sittie Hashima Umpar
INTRODUCTION:

Any tourist site can be made more well-known by providing comfortable lodging
options. When someone who lives a long way from home is given access to similar amenities
and comforts, he or she is \likely to get attached to the location. On the other side, if the visitor
visits a place where the hotels and lodging options are not satisfactory, it is pretty likely that
he will never go back. This may be the reason why hotels and other lodging options are now
focusing on giving visitors the most comfort possible while still charging fair prices. It is
also crucial to offer people from various economic backgrounds cozylodging. While five-
star hotels can accommodate the needs of wealthy guests, middle-class travelers can stay in
modest and medium-sized hotels and lodging establishments.

The project is a three-storey residential building with a total of 40 square meters. The
first floor is designed for owners’ room, one bedroom, a kitchen, a restroom and bathroom.
The second to third floor is designed for guest rooms.

Safety and security of the infrastructure that complies with the norms and
requirements outlined in the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) and the
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) is the project’s utmost objective since it
is known that the purpose of the Philippine National Building Code is to provide for all
buildings and structures a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate
and control their location site, design, quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and
maintenance. The National Building Code of the Philippines establishes the policy of the
State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of
sound environmental management and control.

GENERAL CONDITION:

The scope of this paper will be centered around the design and load analysis of
a three-storey residential building. The design is based on a working stress method as
per the NSCP 2015 code.
Specifically, this paper will only discuss the following: Architectural plans
● Ground, first, second, and third-floor plans
● Front, rear, left, and right elevations
● Transverse and longitudinal sections
● Ground, first, second, and third floor framing plans Load analysis
● Design of beams
● Design of column
● Design of slab
● Design of stair
● Design of footing

Delimitation
The designs included in the paper will not discuss the following:
● Plumbing
● Electrical systems
● Mechanical systems
● Gas piping
● Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
● Security Systems
● Lighting
● Design of strong walls
● The analysis of non-structure

CLASSIFICATION OF THE BUILDING:

According to standard classification systems, the proposed three-storey residential
building falls under Occupancy Category IV. Standard Occupancy Structures.
 DESIGN OF A THREE-STOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING

I. Description of the structure:

The project is a Three-Storey residential. It is located in Sitio Uno, Lio, El Nido,
Palawan. The building has a dimension of 8 meters by 5 meters having a total area of 40 square
meters each floor. The overall height of the building reaches 9.0 meters. The proposed project
is a modern lodging structure composed of three different floors, a total of 14 units consists of
living area, dining area, kitchen, toilet and bath.
The entire structure is generally composed of concrete slabs, beams, and girders
supported by columns resting on top of foundation. The table below summarizes the description
of occupancy.

II. Figures

Floor Level Description of Framing Flooring

Occupancy
4 units consist of
Reinforced Concrete, Ceramic Tile and
kitchen, rooms, and
Ground Floor Mortar on Stone
Slab, Beam and
toilet and bath.
Column. Concrete.

5 units consist of
Ceramic Tile and
rooms, and toilet and Reinforced Concrete,
Second Floor Mortar on Stone
bath. Slab, Beam and
Concrete.
Column.
5 units consist of
Reinforced Concrete, Ceramic Tile and
rooms, and toilet and
Third Floor Mortar on Stone
Slab, Beam and
bath.
Column. Concrete.

Ceramic Tile and

Roof Deck Access Area Reinforced Concrete,
Mortar on Stone
Slab, Beam and
Concrete.
Column.
III. Structural Design Criteria
The following sections presents the design criteria, structural, idealization, and analytic
procedures and methods use in the structural design of the building. The design criteria include
the codes and specifications, materials, strengths, and loading deemed applicable for this
structure.

Design Code and Standards

The following structural code and specification was used in the design of the building:
a.) National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 Vol. 1, Buildings, Towers, and
Other Vertical Structures, 7th Edition, NSCP C101-1.

IV. Material Strength

The following material strength used in the structural investigation of the building was
based primarily on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard
specifications:
a. Concrete – minimum compressive strength of concrete at 28-days for structural elements;
f’c = 21 MPa.
b. Reinforcing Steel – rebar shall have a tensile strength of fy = 415 MPa (Grade 60) for slabs,
beams, column and footings.
c. Soil Allowable Bearing Pressure or Capacity, qa = 160 MPa.
d. A36 Steel – Modulus of Elasticity = 200, 000 MPa, Fy = 248 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa.

V. Loads
Design loads and forces are those resulting from dead load and live load acting in the
most critical combination using the appropriate load factors recommended by the governing
code.

a. Dead Loads
Dead loads are all the construction materials that have been built into a building or other
structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions,
finishes, cladding, and other similarly integrated architectural and structural items, as well as
fixed service equipment, that include the weight of cranes. The following are the fundamental
load kinds and their related magnitudes:
Table 1. Structure's Dead Load
Materials Density (kN/m³)
Aluminum/Alloys 26.7
Concrete reinforced stone including gravel 24
Steel cold-drawn 77.3
Chapter 2, Section 204, Table 204-1, NSCP 2015

Superimposed Dead Loads

It is a specific kind of dead load made up of the weights of enduring fittings and
fixtures such ceilings, floor finishes, walls, partitions, roofs, and other comparable enduring
fixtures.

Table 2. Structure’s Superimposed Dead Load

Load
Component
(kPa)

4’’ CHB Wythe Thickness, Full Grout, using 21.2 kN/m³ of grouting 2.97
materials.

Plaster on tile or concrete 0.24

Floor Finishes (Ceramic Tiles, 20mm on 25 mm mortar bed) 1.10

Floor Fill (cinder concrete, per mm ) 0.017

Wall covering (Plywood, per mm thickness) 0.0060

Acoustic Fiber Board on Steel Channel (ceiling) 0.15

Chapter 2, Section 204, Table 204-2, NSCP 2015

b. LIVE LOADS
The live loads include the loads that may change in magnitude and position. Live loads that
move under their own power are called moving loads. The minimum values of these loads
depend on the occupancy and are normally specified by the governing building code (NSCP
2015).

Table 3. Structure’s Live Load

Uniform Load (kPA)

Occupancy Description

Dining rooms and restaurant - 4.8

Residential Hotel / Private Rooms 1.9

Roof Decks - 4.80

Hallway/Corridors - 3.80

Stairs - 4.80

Basic Floor Area - 1.90

Partition and Interior Walls - 0.25

Chapter 2, Section 204, Table 205-1 and 205-2, NSCP 2015

c. WIND LOADS
Every building or structure and every portion shall be designed and constructed to
resist the wind effects.

Table 3. Wind Load

Exposures Formula/Code values

Components and claddings

(Open buildings and structures) P=(qh)G)(Cn)

Wind velocity (zone 3) 240 kph

Height z above the ground

h – 1 = 3m
h – 2 = 6m
h – 3 = 9m
Gust effect factor (exposure B) 0.85

Force coefficients 1.0

d. SEISMIC LOADS:
Structures and portions shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of
seismic grounds motions primarily to safeguard against major structural failures and
loss of life.

Table 3. Seisimic Load

Exposures Formula/Code values

Components and claddings

Base shear: 𝐶 l
𝑣
V = 𝑅𝑇 W > 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
2.5𝐶𝑎 l
< W
𝑅

Conditions: Ct (reinforced concrete moment resisting 0.0731

frames)

Zonal Factor Coefficients ( zone 2 ) , Z 0.20

Soil Profile type (SC) >100 kpa (Shear

Strength

Importance factor, I 1.0

Seismic Coefficients, Ca 0.24

Seismic Coefficients, Cv 0.32

Numerical Coefficients, R 5.5

Periodic motion Ct (h) 0.75

VI. LOAD COMBINATIONS
Steel design sections shall be designed using the “strength design method” of
the ACI 318-89. Using the load factors and critical load combination from the
following:
Basic Load Combination
U = 1.4 (D+F)
U = 1.2 (D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R)
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)
U = 1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
U = 0.9D + 1.0W
U = 0.9D + 1.0E

Where:
D = Dead Load
L = Live Load
E = Earthquake load
F = Load due to fluid
H = Load due to lateral pressure of soil
Lr = Roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction
R = Rain load on the undeflected roof
T = self-straining force
W = load due to wind pressure
f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly
= 0.5 for other live loads
 Towers and vertical structures
NSCP 2015 LOAD COMPUTATIONS
PERSPECTIVE
LONGITUDINAL SECTION:

TRANSVERSE SECTION:
 WATER
ANALYSIS
LONGITUDINAL SECTION:
Interior:
𝑘𝑁
A3 = 2.5m (1.5m) = 3.75m2 F3 = 9.81 𝑚3 (1.5m) (3.75m2) = 55.18 kN
𝑘𝑁
A2 = 2.5m (3m) = 7.5m2 F2 = 9.81 (3m) (7.5m2) = 220.73 kN
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
A1 = 2.5m (3m) = 7.5m2 F1 = 9.81 𝑚3 (3m) (7.5m2) = 220.73 kN

Exterior:
𝑘𝑁
A3 = 1.25m (1.5m) = 1.875m2 F3 = 9.81 𝑚3 (1.5m) (1.875m2) = 27.59 kN
𝑘𝑁
A2 = 1.25m (3m) = 3.75m2 F2 = 9.81 𝑚3 (3m) (3.75m2) = 110.36 kN
𝑘𝑁
A1 = 1.25m (3m) = 3.75m2 F1 = 9.81 (3m) (3.75m2) = 110.36 kN
𝑚3

TRANSVERSE SECTION:
Interior:
𝑘𝑁
A3 = 2m (1.5m) = 3m2 F3 = 9.81 𝑚3 (1.5m) (3m2) = 44.15 kN
𝑘𝑁
A2 = 2m (3m) = 6m2 F2 = 9.81 (3m) (6m2) = 176.58 kN
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
A1 = 2m (3m) = 6m2 F1 = 9.81 𝑚3 (3m) (6m2) = 176.58 kN

Exterior:
𝑘𝑁
A3 = 1m (1.5m) = 1.5m2 F3 = 9.81 (1.5m) (1.5m2) = 22.07 kN
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
A2 = 1m (3m) = 3m2 F2 = 9.81 𝑚3 (3m) (3m2) = 88.29 kN
𝑘𝑁
A1 = 1m (3m) = 3m2 F1 = 9.81 𝑚3 (3m) (3m2) = 88.29 kN

Note: Consider the largest force applied therefore, use all interior forces.

For longitudinal section, use: For transverse section, use:

F3 = 55.18 kN F3 = 44.15 kN
F2 = 270.83 kN F2 = 176.58 kN
F1 = 270.83 kN F1 = 176.58 kN
PORTAL ANALYSIS

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑
𝑉

3rd Floor:

55.18 = v + 2v + v
55.18 = 4v
v = 13.80 kN
2v = 27.6 kN

2nd Floor:

55.18 + 270.83 = v + 2v + v
325.91 = 4v
v = 81.48 kN
2v = 162.96 kN

1st Floor:

55.18 + 270.83 + 270.83 kN = v + 2v + v

596.64 = 4v
v = 149.16 kN
2v = 298.32 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

13.80 (3)
= 20.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
27.6 (3)
= 41.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
2nd Floor:

81.48 (3)
= 122.22 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
162.96 (3)
= 244.44 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

149.16 (3)
= 223.74 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
298.32 (3)
= 447.48 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

Exterior: 20.7 = 20.7 kN.m

Interior: 20.7(2) = 41.4 kN.m

2nd Floor:

Exterior: 20.7 + 122.22 = 142.92 kN.m

Interior:142.92(2) = 285.84 kN.m

1st Floor:

Exterior: 20.7 + 122.22 + 223.74 = 366.66 kN.m

Interior: 366.66(2) = 733.32 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 =
𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(20.7)
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: = 16.56 𝑘𝑁
2.5
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: 16.56(2) = 33.12 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(122.22)
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: = 97.78 𝑘𝑁
2.5
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: 97.78(2) = 195.56 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(223.74)
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: = 178.99 𝑘𝑁
2.5
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟: 178.99(2) = 357.98 𝑘𝑁
 TRANSVERSE SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑ 𝑉

3rd Floor:

44.15 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
44.15 = 8v
v = 5.52 kN
2v = 11.04 kN

2nd Floor:

44.15 + 176.58 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
220.73 = 8v
v = 27.59 kN
2v = 55.18 kN

1st Floor:

44.15 + 176.58 + 176.58 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v

397.31 = 8v
v = 49.66 kN
2v = 99.32 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

5.52 (3)
= 8.28 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
11.04 (3)
= 16.56 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
2nd Floor:

27.59 (3)
= 41.39 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
55.18 (3)
= 82.77 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

49.66 (3)
= 74.49 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
99.32 (3)
= 148.98 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

8.28 = 8.28 kN.m

8.28(2) = 16.56 kN.m

2nd Floor:

8.28 + 41.39 = 49.67 kN.m

49.67(2) = 99.34 kN.m

1st Floor:

8.28 + 41.39 + 74.49 = 124.16 kN.m

124.16(2) = 248.32 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 = 𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(8.28)
= 8.28 𝑘𝑁
2
8.28(2) = 16.56 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(41.39 )
= 41.39 𝑘𝑁
2
41.39(2) = 82.78 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(74.49)
= 74.49 𝑘𝑁
2
74.49(2) = 148.98 𝑘𝑁
 SUMMARY:
Longitudinal Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 13.80 27.6 20.7 41.4 20.7 41.4 16.56 33.24 16.56 33.24

2nd 81.48 162.96 122.22 244.44 142.92 285.84 97.78 195.56 97.78 195.56

1st 149.16 298.32 223.74 447.48 366.66 733.32 178.99 357.98 178.99 357.98

Transverse Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 5.52 11.04 8.28 16.56 8.28 16.56 6.62 13.24 6.62 13.24

2nd 27.59 55.18 41.39 82.77 49.67 99.34 41.39 82.78 41.39 82.78

1st 49.66 99.32 74.49 148.98 124.16 248.32 74.49 148.98 74.49 148.98
 WIND
ANALYSIS
 WIND LOAD ANALYSIS FOR FRAMES

IMPORTANCE FACTOR:
Category IV. Standard - Residential
𝐼w=1.0
𝑉𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑛= 150 kph
Wall Pressure Coefficients:
𝐶𝑃 = 0.80; S to 2S @ 3 Storey – 1.70- 𝐶𝑓 / 𝐺𝑓

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients (Exposure B):

𝑘ℎ1@ 3m= 0.57
𝑘ℎ2@ 6m= 0.62
𝑘ℎ3@ 9m= 0.70

Topographic Factor:
𝑘𝑧𝑡1 = (1 + 0.57)2 = 2.46
𝑘𝑧𝑡2 = (1 + 0.62)2 = 2.62
𝑘𝑧𝑡3 = (1 + 0.70)2 = 2.89
𝑞𝑧1= 47.3 x 10-6 (0.57) (2.46) (1.0) (150)2 = 1.49
𝑞𝑧2= 47.3 x 10-6 (0.62) (2.62) (1.0) (150)2 = 1.73
𝑞𝑧3= 47.3 x 10-6 (0.70) (2.89) (1.0) (150)2 = 2.15

Interior Panel:
Transverse section:

A𝑓3𝐺= 1.5m (2.5m) = 3.75m2

𝑓3𝐺 =3.75m2 (1.49) (1.70) (0.80) = 7.60kN
A𝑓2𝐺= 3m (2.5m) = 7.5m2
𝑓2𝐺 =7.5m2 (1.73) (1.70) (0.80) = 17.65kN
A𝑓1𝐺= 3m (2.5m) = 7.5m2
𝑓1𝐺 =7.5m2 (2.15) (1.70) (0.80) = 21.93kN

Longitudinal section:

A𝑓3𝐺= 1.5m (2m) = 3m2

𝑓3𝐺 =3m2 (1.49) (1.70) (0.80) = 6.08kN
A𝑓2𝐺= 3m (2m) = 6m2
𝑓2𝐺 =6m2 (1.73) (1.70) (0.80) = 14.12kN
A𝑓1𝐺= 3m (2m) = 6m2
𝑓1𝐺 =6m2 (2.15) (1.70) (0.80) = 17.54kN
 LONGITUDINAL SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑ 𝑉

3rd Floor:

7.60 = v + 2v + v
7.60 = 4v
v = 1.9 kN
2v = 3.8 kN

2nd Floor:

7.60 + 17.65 = v + 2v + v
25.25 = 4v
v = 6.31 kN
2v = 12.63 kN

1st Floor:

7.60 + 17.65 + 21.93 kN = v + 2v + v

47.18 = 4v
v = 11.80 kN
2v = 23.6 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

1.9 (3)
= 2.85 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
3.8 (3)
= 5.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

2nd Floor:

6.31 (3)
= 9.47 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
12.63 (3)
= 18.95 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

11.80 (3)
= 17.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
23.6 (3)
= 35.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

2.85 = 2.85 kN.m

2.85(2) = 5.7 kN.m

2nd Floor:

2.85 + 9.47 = 12.32 kN.m

12.32(2) = 24.64 kN.m

1st Floor:

2.85 + 9.47 + 17.7 = 30.02 kN.m

30.02(2) = 60.04 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 = 𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(2.85)
= 2.28 𝑘𝑁
2.5
2.28(2) = 4.56 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(9.47)
= 7.58 𝑘𝑁
2.5
7.58(2) = 15.16 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(17.7)
= 14.16 𝑘𝑁
2.5
14.16(2) = 28.32 𝑘𝑁
 TRANSVERSE SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑
𝑉

3rd Floor:

6.08 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
6.08 = 8v
v = 0.76 kN
2v = 1.52 kN

2nd Floor:

6.08 + 14.12 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
20.2 = 8v
v = 2.53 kN
2v = 5.06 kN

1st Floor:

6.08 + 14.12 + 17.54 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v

37.74 = 8v
v = 4.72 kN
2v = 9.44 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

0.76 (3)
= 1.14 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
1.52 (3)
= 2.28 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
2nd Floor:

2.53 (3)
= 3.80 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
5.06 (3)
= 7.59 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

4.72 (3)
= 7.08 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
9.44 (3)
= 14.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

1.14 = 1.14 kN.m

1.14 (2) = 2.28 kN.m

2nd Floor:

1.14 + 3.80 = 4.94 kN.m

4.94(2) = 9.88 kN.m

1st Floor:

1.14 + 3.80 + 7.08 = 12.02 kN.m

12.02(2) = 24.04 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 =
𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(1.14)
= 1.14 𝑘𝑁
2
1.14(2) = 2.28 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(3.80 )
= 3.80 𝑘𝑁
2
3.80(2) = 7.60 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(7.08)
= 7.08 𝑘𝑁
2
7.08(2) = 14.16 𝑘𝑁
 SUMMARY:
Longitudinal Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 1.9 3.8 2.85 5.7 2.85 5.7 2.28 4.56 2.28 4.56

2nd 6.31 12.63 9.47 18.95 12.32 24.64 7.58 15.16 7.58 15.16

1st 11.80 23.6 17.7 35.4 30.02 60.04 14.16 28.32 14.16 28.32

Transverse Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 0.76 1.52 1.14 2.28 1.14 2.28 1.14 2.28 1.14 2.28

2nd 2.53 5.06 3.80 7.59 4.94 9.88 3.80 7.60 3.80 7.60

1st 4.72 9.44 7.08 14.16 12.02 21.04 7.08 14.16 7.08 14.16
SEISMIC
ANALYSIS
 SEISMIC ANALYSIS

o Number of Floor: 3
o h1 = 3m
o h2 = 3m
o h3 = 3m
o hn = 9m
o X = 8m
o Y = 5m

Calculations of Structural Loads

Third Floor Calculated Loads

Slab
(0.150m) (5m) (8m) (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) ______ 144 kN

Ceiling
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Electrical
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Walls and Partitions

[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](2.5 𝑚)(3) ______ 77.63 kN
[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](1.5 𝑚)(2) ______ 31.05 kN

Beams
𝐵1 = (0.200𝑚)(0.250𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(8𝑚)(3) ______ 28.80 kN
𝐵2 = (0.200𝑚)(0.275𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(5𝑚)(3) ______ 19.44 kN

Columns
𝐶1 = (0.200𝑚)(0.200𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚)(4) ______ 11.52 kN
𝐶2 = (0.250𝑚)(0.250𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (7) ______ 31.5 kN
𝐶3 = (0.275𝑚)(0.275𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (3) ______ 16.34 kN

Total weight of 3rd floor 440.28 kN

Second floor Calculated Loads

Slab
(0.150m) (5m) (8m) (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) ______ 144 kN

Ceiling
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Electrical
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Walls and Partitions

[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](2.5 𝑚)(3) ______ 77.63 kN
[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](1.5 𝑚)(2) ______ 31.05 kN
Beams
𝐵1 = (0.250𝑚)(0.275𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(8𝑚)(3) ______ 39.60 kN
𝐵2 = (0.300𝑚)(0.300𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(5𝑚)(3) ______ 32.4 kN

Columns
𝐶1 = (0.300𝑚)(0.300𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚)(4) ______ 25.92 kN
𝐶2 = (0.325𝑚)(0.325𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (7) ______ 53.24 kN
𝐶3 = (0.350𝑚)(0.350𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (3) ______ 26.46 kN

Total weight of 2nd floor 510.3 kN

First floor Calculated Loads

Slab
(0.150m) (5m) (8m) (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) ______ 144 kN
Ceiling
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Electrical
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (5 𝑚)(8 𝑚) ______ 40 kN

Walls and Partitions

[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](2.5 𝑚)(2) ______ 51.75 kN
[2.97 + 2(0.24𝑘𝑃𝑎)][3𝑚](1.5 𝑚)(2) ______ 31.05 kN

Beams
𝐵1 = (0.275𝑚)(0.325𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(8𝑚)(3) ______ 51.48 kN
𝐵2 = (0.275𝑚)(0.350𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(5𝑚)(3) ______ 34.65 kN

Columns
𝐶1 = (0.350𝑚)(0.350𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚)(4) ______ 35.28 kN
𝐶2 = (0.375𝑚)(0.375𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (7) ______ 70.88 kN
𝐶3 = (0.400𝑚)(0.400𝑚)(24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(3𝑚) (3) ______ 34.56 kN

Total weight of 1st floor 533.65 kN

Total weight of structure 1484.23 kN

Dead Load at 3rd Level= 440.28 kN

Dead Load at 2nd Level= 510.3 kN
Dead Load at 1st Level= 533.65 kN
 Analysis of Seismic Loads
Seismic Zone: Zone 2
Importance factor: I=1.0
Soil Profile type: 𝑆c (Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock Profile)
Seismic Zone Factor: 0.2
Seismic Coefficient:
Ca = 0.24
Cv = 0.32
Structural System factor: R=5.5 (SMRF)
Frame Material factor: 𝐶𝑡=0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames.

BASE SHEAR COMPUTATION: TOTAL DESIGN BASE SHEAR:

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡(ℎ𝑛 )0.75 𝐶𝑣 𝐼𝑊 0.32(1)(1484.23 𝑘𝑁)
𝑇 = 0.0731(9𝑚)0.75 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡 = =
𝑅𝑇 (5.5)(0.38)
𝑇 = 0.38 sec < 0.70 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 227.25 𝑘𝑁

TOTAL DESIGN BASE SHEAR NEEDED NOT EXCEED:

2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊 2.5(0.24)(1)(1484.23𝑘𝑁)
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑅 (5.5)
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 161.92 𝑘𝑁

TOTAL DESIGN BASE SHEAR SHALL BE LESS THAN:

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊 = 0.11(0.24)(1)(1484.23𝑘𝑁)
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 39.18 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛<𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙>𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
39.18 𝑘𝑁 < 227.25 𝑘𝑁 > 161.92 𝑘𝑁 - use 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
Govern Value: 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 161.92 𝑘𝑁 ─ Case III, Rule III

Vertical Distribution of Forces

Force at top due to whiplash effect.
T≤ 0.70 sec
0.38 sec < 0.70 sec
Ft=0

Remaining Portion of the Base Shear shall be distributed by:

𝑊ℎ
F1= (V-Ft) (∑ 𝑊ℎ)

Level W h Wh 𝑾𝒉
F1= (V-Ft) (∑ 𝑾𝒉)
(kN) (m) (kN.m)
(kN)
3 440.28 9 3962.52 74.39
2 510.3 6 3061.8 57.48
1 533.65 3 1600.95 30.05
I 1484.23 0 0 0
∑ 𝑊ℎ = 8625.27
 PORTAL ANALYSIS: LATERAL SEISMIC FORCE

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑
𝑉

3rd Floor:

74.39 = v + 2v + v
74.39 = 4v
v = 18.60 kN
2v = 37.2 kN

2nd Floor:

74.39 + 57.48 = v + 2v + v
131.87 = 4v
v = 32.97 kN
2v = 65.94 kN

1st Floor:

74.39 + 57.48 + 30.05 = v + 2v + v

161.92 = 4v
v = 40.48 kN
2v = 80.96 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

18.60 (3)
= 27.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
37.2 (3)
= 55.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
2nd Floor:

32.97(3)
= 49.46 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
65.94 (3)
= 98.91 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

40.48 (3)
= 60.72 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
80.96 (3)
= 121.44 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

Exterior: 27.9 = 27.9 kN.m

Interior: 27.9(2) = 55.8 kN.m

2nd Floor:

27.9 + 49.46 = 77.36 kN.m

77.36(2) = 154.72 kN.m

1st Floor:

27.9 + 49.46 + 60.72 = 138.08 kN.m

138.08(2) = 276.16 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 =
𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(27.9)
= 22.32 𝑘𝑁
2.5
22.32(2) = 44.64 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(49.46 )
= 39.57 𝑘𝑁
2.5
39.57(2) = 79.14 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(60.72)
= 48.58 𝑘𝑁
2.5
48.58(2) = 97.16 𝑘𝑁
 TRANSVERSE SECTION

∑𝐹
COLUMN SHEAR: 𝐶𝑉 = ∑ 𝑉

3rd Floor:

74.39 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
74.39 = 8v
v = 9.30 kN
2v = 18.60 kN

2nd Floor:

74.39 + 57.48 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v
131.87 = 8v
v = 16.48 kN
2v = 32.96 kN

1st Floor:

74.39 + 57.48 + 30.05 = v + 2v + 2v + 2v + v

161.92 = 8v
v = 20.24 kN
2v = 40.48 kN
 𝐶𝑉 (ℎ)
COLUMN MOMENT: 𝐶𝑀 = 2

3rd Floor:

9.30 (3)
= 13.95 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
18.60 (3)
= 27.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
2nd Floor:

16.48 (3)
= 24.72 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
32.96(3)
= 49.44 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

1st Floor:

20.24 (3)
= 30.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
40.48(3)
= 60.72 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

BEAM MOMENT: 𝐵𝑀 = ∑ 𝐶𝑀

3rd Floor:

13.95 = 13.95 kN.m

13.95 (2) = 27.9 kN.m

2nd Floor:

13.95 + 24.72 = 38.67 kN.m

38.67(2) = 77.34 kN.m

1st Floor:

13.95 + 24.72 + 30.36 = 69.03 kN.m

69.03(2) = 138.06 kN.m
 2(𝐶𝑀 )
BEAM SHEAR: 𝐵𝑉 =
𝑑

3rd Floor:

2(13.95)
= 13.95 𝑘𝑁
2
13.95(2) = 27.9 𝑘𝑁
2nd Floor:

2(24.72 )
= 24.72 𝑘𝑁
2
24.72(2) = 49.44 𝑘𝑁

1st Floor:

2(30.36)
= 30.36 𝑘𝑁
2
30.36(2) = 60.72 𝑘𝑁
 SUMMARY:
Longitudinal Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 18.60 37.2 27.9 55.8 27.9 55.8 22.32 44.64 22.32 44.64

2nd 32.97 65.94 49.46 98.91 77.36 154.72 39.57 79.14 39.57 79.14

1st 40.48 80.96 60.72 121.44 138.08 276.16 48.58 97.16 48.58 97.16

Transverse Section

Floor Column Shear Column Moment Beam Moment Beam Shear (kN) Axial Load (kN)
(kN) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior

3rd 9.30 18.60 13.95 27.9 13.95 27.9 13.95 27.9 13.95 27.9

2nd 16.48 32.96 24.72 49.44 38.67 77.34 24.72 49.44 24.72 49.44

1st 20.24 40.48 30.36 60.72 69.03 138.06 30.36 60.72 30.36 60.72
 DEAD LOAD
COMPUTATION
 Longitudinal Section:

WSlab WCeiling WElectrical WPartition WSlab total

(𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 )
Third Floor
AB (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6
BC (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6

Second Floor
DE (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
EF (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72

First Floor
GH (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
HI (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72

UDL
(𝑘𝑁/𝑚) WBeam WTotal
(𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 )(𝐿) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚)
Formula: ( )
3
Third Floor
AB (L=2.5) 3 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.275m) = 1.32 4.32
BC (L=2.5) 3 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.275m) = 1.32 4.32

Second Floor
DE (L=2.5) 6.43 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.300m) (0.300m) = 2.16 8.59
EF (L=2.5) 6.43 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.300m) (0.300m) = 2.16 8.59

First Floor
GH (L=2.5) 6.43 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.350m) = 2.31 8.74
HI (L=2.5) 6.43 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.350m) = 2.31 8.74
 @FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD FLOOR

@Third Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.200𝑚)(0.200𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.250𝑚)(0.250𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375(4.32 kN/m) (2.5m) = 4.05 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑅𝐶2
= 1.25(4.32 kN/m) (2.5m) = 13.5 kN
𝐴2

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.200)2 (3m) = 2.88 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.250)2 (3m) = 4.5 kN
𝐴2

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1=4.05 kN
▪ V2= 4.05 kN – 4.32 kPa (2.5m) = -6.75 kN
▪ V3= -6.75 kN + 13.5 kN = 6.75 kN
▪ V4= 6.75 kN – 4.32 kPa (2.5m) = -4.05 kN
▪ V5= -4.05 kN + 4.05 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
4.05 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 1.90 kN.m
2 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
▪ M2 = 1.09 −
6.75 (1.56)
= -3.37 kN.m =
2 4.05 6.75
6.75 (1.56)
▪ M3 = -3.37 kN.m + 2
= 1.90 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
4.05 (0.94)
▪ M4 = 1.90 − ( 2
)=0 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
@Second Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.300𝑚)(0.300𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.325𝑚)(0.325𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375(8.59 kN/m) (2.5m) = 8.05 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑅𝐶2
= 1.25(8.59 kN/m) (2.5m) = 26.84 kN
𝐴2

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.300)2 (3m) = 6.48 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.325)2 (3m) = 7.61 kN
𝐴2

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1=8.05 kN
▪ V2= 8.05 kN – 8.59 kPa (2.5m) = -13.43 kN
▪ V3= -13.43 kN + 26.84 kN = 13.43 kN
▪ V4= 13.43 kN – 8.59 kPa (2.5m) = -8.05 kN
▪ V5= -8.05 kN + 8.05 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
8.05 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 3.78 kN.m
2 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
▪ M2 = 3.78 −
13.43 (1.56)
= -6.70 kN.m =
2 8.05 13.43
13.43 (1.56)
▪ M3 = -6.70 kN.m + 2
= 3.78 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
8.05 (0.94)
▪ M4 = 3.78 − (
2
)=0 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔

@First Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.350𝑚)(0.350𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.375𝑚)(0.375𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375(8.74 kN/m) (2.5m) = 8.19 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑅𝐶2
= 1.25(8.74 kN/m) (2.5m) = 27.32 kN
𝐴2

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.350)2 (3m) = 8.82 kN
𝐴1 𝐴3
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.325)2 (3m) = 7.61 kN
𝐴2

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1=8.19 kN
▪ V2= 8.19 kN – 8.74 kPa (2.5m) = -13.65 kN
▪ V3= -13.65 kN + 27.32 kN = 13.66 kN
▪ V4= 13.66 kN – 8.74 kPa (2.5m) = -8.19 kN
▪ V5= -8.19 kN + 8.19 kN = 0
Moment Diagram:
8.19 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 3.85 kN.m
2 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
▪ M2 = 3.85 −
13.65 (1.56)
= -6.80 kN.m =
2 8.19 13.65
13.65 (1.56)
▪ M3 = -6.80 kN.m + = 3.85 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
2
8.19 (0.94)
▪ M4 = 3.85 − ( 2
)=0 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
LOAD DIAGRAM

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM
 Transverse Section:

WSlab WCeiling WElectrical WPartition WSlab total

(𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 )
Third Floor
AB (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6
BC (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6
CD (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6
DE (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0 0 0 3.6

Second Floor
FG (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
GH (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
HI (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
IJ (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72

First Floor
KL (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
LM (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
MN (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72
NO (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )(0.150m) = 3.6 0.10 1.0 2.97 7.72

UDL
(𝑘𝑁/𝑚) WBeam WTotal
(𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 )(𝐿) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚) (𝑘𝑁/𝑚)
Formula: ( )
3
Third Floor
AB (L=2) 2.4 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.250) = 1.2 3.6
BC (L=2) 2.4 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.250) = 1.2 3.6
CD (L=2) 2.4 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.250) = 1.2 3.6
DE (L=2) 2.4 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.200m) (0.250) = 1.2 3.6
Second Floor
FG (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.250m) (0.275) = 1.65 6.8
GH (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.250m) (0.275) = 1.65 6.8
HI (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.250m) (0.275) = 1.65 6.8
IJ (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.250m) (0.275) = 1.65 6.8

First Floor
KL (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.325) = 2.15 7.3
LM (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.325) = 2.15 7.3
MN (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.325) = 2.15 7.3
NO (L=2) 5.15 (24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) (0.275m) (0.325) = 2.15 7.3

@FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD FLOOR

@Third Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.200𝑚)(0.200𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.250𝑚)(0.250𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375 (3.6 kN/m) (2m) = 2.70 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5
𝑅𝐶2 𝑅𝐶2
= = 1.25 (3.6 kN/m) (2m) = 9 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑅𝐶2
= 0.375 (3.6 kN/m) (2m) (2) = 5.4 kN
𝐴3

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.200)2 (3m) = 2.88 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5
𝑃𝐶2 𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.250)2 (3m) = 4.5 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.250)2 (3m) = 4.5 kN
𝐴3
BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 2.7 kN
▪ V2 = 2.7 kN – 3.6 kN/m (2 m) = -4.5 kN
▪ V3 = -4.5 kN + 9 kN = 4.5 kN
▪ V4 = 4.5 kN – 3.6 kN/m (2 m) = -2.7 kN
▪ V5 = -2.7 kN + 5.4 kN = 2.7 kN
▪ V6 = 2.7 kN – 3.6 kN/m (2 m) = -4.5 kN
▪ V7 = -4.5 kN + 9 kN = 4.5 kN
▪ V8 = 4.5 kN – 3.6 kN/m (2 m) = -2.7 kN
▪ V9 = -2.7 kN + 2.7 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
2.7 (0.75)
▪ M1 = 2
= 1.01 kN.m
4.5 (1.25)
▪ M2 = 1.01 − = -1.80 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
2 =
4.5 (1.25) 2.7 4.5
▪ M3 = -1.80 + 2
= 1.01 kN.m
2.7 (0.75) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
▪ M4 = 1.01 − 2
= 0 kN.m
2.7 (0.75) 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
▪ M5 = 0 + 2
= 1.01 kN.m
4.5 (1.25)
▪ M6 = 1.01 − 2
= -1.80 kN.m
4.5 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -1.80 + 2
= 1.01 kN.m
2.7 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 1.01 −
2
= 0 kN.m

@Second Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.300𝑚)(0.300𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.325𝑚)(0.325𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375 (6.8 kN/m) (2m) = 5.1 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5
𝑅𝐶2 𝑅𝐶2
= = 1.25 (6.8 kN/m) (2m) = 17 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑅𝐶2
= 0.375 (6.8 kN/m) (2m) (2) = 10.2 kN
𝐴3

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 (0.300)2 (3m) = 6.48 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5 𝑚3
𝑃𝐶2 𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.325)2 (3m) = 7.61 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.325)2 (3m) = 7.61 kN
𝐴3

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 5.1 kN
▪ V2 = 5.1 kN – 6.8 kN/m (2 m) = -8.5 kN
▪ V3 = -8.5 kN + 17 kN = 8.5 kN
▪ V4 = 8.5 kN – 6.8 kN/m (2 m) = -5.1 kN
 ▪ V5 = -5.1 kN + 10.2 kN = 5.1 kN
▪ V6 = 5.1 kN – 6.8 kN/m (2 m) = -8.5 kN
▪ V7 = -8.5 kN + 17 kN = 8.5 kN
▪ V8 = 8.5 kN – 6.8 kN/m (2 m) = -5.1 kN
▪ V9 = -5.1 kN + 5.1 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
5.1 (0.75)
▪ M1 = 2
= 1.91 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
8.5 (1.25) =
▪ M2 = 1.91 − = -3.40 kN.m 5.1 8.5
2
8.5 (1.25)
▪ M3 = -3.40 + 2
= 1.91 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
5.1 (0.75)
▪ M4 = 1.91 − 2
=0 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
5.1 (0.75)
▪ M5 = 0 + = 1.91 kN.m
2
8.5 (1.25)
▪ M6 = 1.91 − = -3.40 kN.m
2
8.5 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -3.40 + 2
= 1.91 kN.m
5.1 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 1.91 − 2
=0

@First Floor:
𝐶1 = (0.350𝑚)(0.350𝑚)
𝐶2 = (0.375𝑚)(0.375𝑚)

𝑅𝐶1 𝑅𝐶1
= = 0.375 (7.3 kN/m) (2m) = 5.475 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5
𝑅𝐶2 𝑅𝐶2
= = 1.25 (7.3 kN/m) (2m) = 18.25 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑅𝐶2
= 0.375 (7.3 kN/m) (2m) (2) = 10.95 kN
𝐴3

𝑃𝐶1 𝑃𝐶1 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.350)2 (3m) = 8.82 kN
𝐴1 𝐴5
𝑃𝐶2 𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= = 24 𝑚3 (0.375)2 (3m) = 10.125 kN
𝐴2 𝐴4
𝑃𝐶2 𝑘𝑁
= 24 𝑚3 (0.375)2 (3m) = 10.125 kN
𝐴3

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 5.475 kN
▪ V2 = 5.475 kN – 7.3 kN/m (2 m) = -9.125 kN
▪ V3 = -9.125 kN + 18.25 kN = 9.125 kN
▪ V4 = 9.125 kN – 7.3 kN/m (2 m) = -5.475 kN
▪ V5 = -5.475 kN + 10.95 kN = 5.475 kN
▪ V6 = 5.475 kN – 7.3 kN/m (2 m) = -9.125 kN
▪ V7 = -9.125 kN + 18.25 kN = 9.125 kN
▪ V8 9.125 kN – 7.3 kN/m (2 m) = -5.475 kN
▪ V9 = -5.475 kN + 5.475 kN = 0
Moment Diagram:
5.475 (0.75)
▪ M1 = = 2.05 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
2
9.125 (1.25) =
▪ M2 = 2.05 − 2
= -3.65 kN.m 5.475 9.125
9.125 (1.25)
▪ M3 = -3.65 + 2
= 2.05 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
5.475 (0.75)
▪ M4 = 2.05 − 2
=0 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
5.475 (0.75)
▪ M5 = 0 + 2
= 2.05 kN.m
9.125 (1.25)
▪ M6 = 2.05 − 2
= -3.65 kN.m
9.125 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -3.65 +
2
= 2.05 kN.m
5.475 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 2.05 − 2
=0
LOAD DIAGRAM

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM
 LIVE LOAD
COMPUTATION
 Longitudinal Section:

Live Load for Residential= 1.9 kPa

@Third Floor - ABC

2.5
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)( 2 ) = 2.375 kN/m

Using three-moment equation:

▪ RA = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN
▪ RB = 1.25WL = 1.25 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 7.42 kN
▪ RC = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN

BEAM:

Shear Diagram:
▪ V1=2.23 kN
▪ V2= 2.23 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -3.7075 kN
▪ V3= -3.7075 kN + 7.42 kN = 3.7125 kN
▪ V4= 3.7125 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -2.23 kN
▪ V5= -2.23 kN + 2.23 kN = 0
Moment Diagram:
2.23 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 1.05 kN.m 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
2 =
3.7075 (1.56) 2.23 3.7075
▪ M2 = 1.05 − 2
= -1.8 kN.m
▪ M3 = -1.8 kN.m +
3.7125 (1.56)
= 1.11 kN.m 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
2
2.23 (0.94)
▪ M4 = 1.10 − ( )=0 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
2

@Second Floor - DEF

2.5
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)( 2 ) = 2.375 kN/m

Using three-moment equation:

▪ RD = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN
▪ RE = 1.25WL = 1.25 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 7.42 kN
▪ RF = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN

BEAM:

Shear Diagram:
▪ V1=2.23 kN
▪ V2= 2.23 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -3.7075 kN
▪ V3= -3.7075 kN + 7.42 kN = 3.7125 kN
▪ V4= 3.7125 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -2.23 kN
▪ V5= -2.23 kN + 2.23 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
2.23 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 1.05 kN.m 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
2 =
3.7075 (1.56) 2.23 3.7075
▪ M2 = 1.05 − 2
= -1.8 kN.m
3.7125 (1.56) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
▪ M3 = -1.8 kN.m + 2
= 1.11 kN.m
2.23 (0.94) 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
▪ M4 = 1.10 − ( 2
)=0

@First Floor - GHI

2.5
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)( 2 ) = 2.375 kN/m
Using three-moment equation:
▪ RG = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN
▪ RH = 1.25WL = 1.25 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 7.42 kN
▪ RI = 0.375WL = 0.375 (2.375 kN/m) (2.5) = 2.23 kN

BEAM:
Shear Diagram:
 ▪ V1=2.23 kN
▪ V2= 2.23 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -3.7075 kN
▪ V3= -3.7075 kN + 7.42 kN = 3.7125 kN
▪ V4= 3.7125 kN – 2.375 kPa (2.5m) = -2.23 kN
▪ V5= -2.23 kN + 2.23 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
2.23 (0.94)
▪ M1 = = 1.05 kN.m 𝑥 2.5 − 𝑥
2 =
3.7075 (1.56) 2.23 3.7075
▪ M2 = 1.05 − 2
= -1.8 kN.m
3.7125 (1.56) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
▪ M3 = -1.8 kN.m + 2
= 1.11 kN.m
2.23 (0.94) 2.5 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
▪ M4 = 1.10 − ( )=0
2
LOAD DIAGRAM

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM
 Transverse Section:

Live Load for Residential= 1.9 kPa

@Third Floor - ABCDE

2
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(2) = 1.9 kN/m
Using three-moment equation:
▪ RA = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2m) = 1.425 kN
▪ RB = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2m) = 4.75 kN
▪ RC = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2m) (2) = 2.85 kN
▪ RD = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2m) = 4.75 kN
▪ RE = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2m) = 1.425 kN

BEAM:

Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 1.425 kN
 ▪ V2 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V3 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V4 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V5 = -1.425 kN + 2.85 kN = 1.425 kN
▪ V6 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V7 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V8 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V9 = -1.425 kN + 1.425 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M1 = = 0.53 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
2 =
2.375 (1.25) 1.425 2.375
▪ M2 = 0.53 − 2
= -0.95 kN.m
2.375 (1.25) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
▪ M3 = -0.95 + = 0.53 kN.m
2
▪ M4 = 0.53 −
1.425 (0.75)
= 0 kN.m 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
2
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M5 = 0 + 2
= 0.53 kN.m
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M6 = 0.53 − = -0.95 kN.m
2
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -0.95 + = 0.53 kN.m
2
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 0.53 − 2
= 0 kN.m

@Second Floor - FGHIJ

2
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)( ) = 1.9 kN/m
2
Using three-moment equation:
▪ RF = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 1.425 kN
▪ RG = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 4.75 kN
▪ RH = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) (2) = 2.85 kN
▪ RI = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 4.75 kN
▪ RJ = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) (2) = 1.425 kN

BEAM:

Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 1.425 kN
▪ V2 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V3 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V4 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V5 = -1.425 kN + 2.85 kN = 1.425 kN
▪ V6 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V7 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V8 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V9 = -1.425 kN + 1.425 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M1 = 2
= 0.53 kN.m
 2.375 (1.25)
▪ M2 = 0.53 − 2
= -0.95 kN.m
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M3 = -0.95 + = 0.53 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
2 =
▪ M4 = 0.53 −
1.425 (0.75)
= 0 kN.m 1.425 2.375
2
1.425 (0.75) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
▪ M5 = 0 + 2
= 0.53 kN.m
2.375 (1.25) 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
▪ M6 = 0.53 − 2
= -0.95 kN.m
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -0.95 + = 0.53 kN.m
2
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 0.53 − = 0 kN.m
2

@First Floor - KLMNO

2
WLL-TRD = (1.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(2) = 1.9 kN/m
Using three-moment equation:
▪ RK = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 1.425 kN
▪ RL = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 4.75 kN
▪ RM = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) (2) = 2.85 kN
▪ RN = 1.25WL = 1.25 (1.9 kN/m) (2) = 4.75 kN
▪ RO = 0.375WL = 0.375 (1.9 kN/m) (2) (2) = 1.425 kN

BEAM:

Shear Diagram:
▪ V1 = 1.425 kN
▪ V2 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V3 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V4 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V5 = -1.425 kN + 2.85 kN = 1.425 kN
▪ V6 = 1.425 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -2.375 kN
▪ V7 = -2.375 kN + 4.75 kN = 2.375 kN
▪ V8 = 2.375 kN – 1.9 kN/m (2 m) = -1.425 kN
▪ V9 = -1.425 kN + 1.425 kN = 0

Moment Diagram:
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M1 = 2
= 0.53 kN.m
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M2 = 0.53 − 2
= -0.95 kN.m
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M3 = -0.95 + = 0.53 kN.m 𝑥 2−𝑥
2 =
▪ M4 = 0.53 −
1.425 (0.75)
= 0 kN.m 1.425 2.375
2
1.425 (0.75) 𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
▪ M5 = 0 + 2
= 0.53 kN.m
2.375 (1.25) 2 − 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
▪ M6 = 0.53 − = -0.95 kN.m
2
2.375 (1.25)
▪ M7 = -0.95 + 2
= 0.53 kN.m
1.425 (0.75)
▪ M8 = 0.53 − 2
= 0 kN.m
LOAD DIAGRAM

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM
DESIGN
OF
BEAMS
 LONGITUDINAL SECTION:

BASIC LOAD COMBINATION ULTIMATE MOMENT

Third floor (kN.m)
AB
1.4 (D+F) 14.25
1.2 (D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) 13.896
1.2D + (f1L or 0.5W) 3.33 and 3.705
1.2D + 1.0W + f1L 6.18
1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 31.23
0.9D + 1.0W 4.56
0.9D + 1.0E 29.61

1.2D + 1.0E + f1L

(use this combination load on the ff. floor)
BC - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 31.29
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 61.64

Second floor
DE - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 82.95
EF - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 83.01
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 164.56

First floor
GH - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 143.75
HI - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 143.81
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 286.12
BEAM # 2
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• d = 28mm ∅

A. Design constants
For 𝑓𝑐′ ≤ 30MPa, 𝛽 = 0.85
𝑓𝑐′ 600 21 600
𝜌𝑏 = 0.85𝛽 = 0.85(0.85) = 0.0216
𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦 414 600 + 415

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75 (0.0216) = 0.0162

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑐′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 = 0.18 = 0.00911
𝑓𝑦 415
Since, 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337 < 𝜌 = 0.00911 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0162, then use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟏
Since, 𝜌 = 0.00911 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0162 (SINGLY REINFORCED)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
B. Beam Dimensions
1.1 THIRD FLOOR: @AB – 2.5m
Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 31.23 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
31.23 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
31.23 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 227 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

2.1 THIRD FLOOR: @BC – 2.5m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 31.29 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
31.29 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
31.29 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 227 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

3.1 SECOND FLOOR: @DE – 2.5m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 82.95 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
82.95 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
82.95 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 330 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

 𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

4.1 SECOND FLOOR: @EF – 2.5m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 83.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
83.01 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
83.01 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 330 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

5.1 FIRST FLOOR: @GH – 2.5m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 143.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
143.75 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
143.75 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 415 mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section

6.1 FIRST FLOOR: @HI – 2.5m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 143.81 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
143.81 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
143.81 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 415 mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section

C. Flexural steel at supports

1.1 THIRD FLOOR: @AB – 2.5m
based on 𝑀𝑢 = 31.23 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 31.23𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.54 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.54)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00389 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00389(200)(336) = 261.41 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 261.41
𝑛= = = 0.42, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

2.1 THIRD FLOOR: @BC – 2.5m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 31.29 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
 𝑀𝑢 31.29𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.54 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.54)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00389 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00389(200)(336) = 261.41 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 261.41
𝑛= = = 0.42, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

3.1 SECOND FLOOR: @DE – 2.5m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 82.95 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 82.95𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 2.47 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(2.47)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00643 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00643(250)(386) = 620.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 620.5
𝑛= = = 1.001, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

4.1 SECOND FLOOR: @EF – 2.5m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 83.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 83.01𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 2.47 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(2.47)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00643 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00643(250)(386) = 620.5 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 620.5
𝑛= = = 1.001, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

5.1 FIRST FLOOR: @GH – 2.5m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 143.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 143.75𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.44 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.44)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00929 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00929(275)(411) = 1050 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1050
𝑛= = = 1.71, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

6.1 FIRST FLOOR: @HI – 2.5m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 143.81 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 143.81𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.44 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.44)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00929 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00929(275)(411) = 1050 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1050
𝑛= = = 1.71, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1
D. Flexural steel at midspan
1.1 THIRD FLOOR: ABC
based on 𝑀𝑢 = 61.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 61.64𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00806 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00806(200)(336) = 541.63 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 54.63
𝑛= = = 0.88, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

7.1 SECOND FLOOR: DEF

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 164.56 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 164.56𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 4.91 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(4.91)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0142 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0142(250)(386) = 1370.3 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1370.3
𝑛= = = 2.23, say 3-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−3(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 33𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 3−1

8.1 FIRST FLOOR: GHI

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 286.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 286.12𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 6.84 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(6.84)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0208 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0208(275)(411) = 2350.92 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 2350.92
𝑛= = = 3.82, say 4-28 mm  bars (2 layers - 2-28 mm  bars)
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1
 E. Summary

TOP BARS BOTTOM BARS

BEAM
RIGHT SPAN
LEFT SPAN MIDSPAN RIGHT SPAN LEFT SPAN MIDSPAN

Third Floor
2-25 mm 
AB 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
BC 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

Second Floor
2-25 mm 
DE 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  3-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
EF 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  3-28 mm 

First Floor
4-28 mm  (2 2-25 mm 
GH 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm 
layers)
4-28 mm  (2 2-25 mm 
HI 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm 
layers)

F. Details

1.1 THIRD FLOOR

2.1 SECOND FLOOR

3.1 FIRST FLOOR

 TRANSVERSE SECTION:

BASIC LOAD COMBINATION ULTIMATE MOMENT

Third floor (kN.m)
AB - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 15.69
BC - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 29.64
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 31.01
CD - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 29.64
DE - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 15.69
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 31.01

Second floor
FG - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 41.49
GH - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 80.16
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 82.37
HI - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 80.16
IJ - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 41.49
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 82.37

First floor
KL - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 72.02
LM - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 141.05
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 143.39
MN - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 141.05
NO - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 72.02
Midspan - 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 143.39
BEAM # 1

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• d = 28mm ∅

A. Design constants
For 𝑓𝑐′ ≤ 30MPa, 𝛽 = 0.85
𝑓𝑐′ 600 21 600
𝜌𝑏 = 0.85𝛽 = 0.85(0.85) = 0.0216
𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦 414 600 + 415

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75 (0.0216) = 0.0162

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑐′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 = 0.18 = 0.00911
𝑓𝑦 415
Since, 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337 < 𝜌 = 0.00911 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0162, then use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟏
Since, 𝜌 = 0.00911 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0162 (SINGLY REINFORCED)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
B. Beam Dimensions
1.1 THIRD FLOOR: @AB – 2m
Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 15.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
15.69 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
31.23 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 160 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

2.1 THIRD FLOOR: @BC – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 29.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
29.64 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
29.64 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 220 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

3.1 THIRD FLOOR: @CD – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 29.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
29.64 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
29.64 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 220 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

 𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

4.1 THIRD FLOOR: @DE – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 15.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
15.69 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 200 mm
31.23 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(200)𝑑2
𝑑 = 160 mm, say 300mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 300 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 364 mm, say 400mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 400 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 336
Therefore, use 200 x 400 mm cross-section

5.1 SECOND FLOOR: @FG – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 41.49 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
41.49 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 233 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

6.1 SECOND FLOOR: @GH – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 80.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 325 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

7.1 SECOND FLOOR: @HI – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 80.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 325 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

8.1 SECOND FLOOR: @IJ – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 41.49 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
41.49 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 250 mm
80.16 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(250)𝑑2
𝑑 = 233 mm, say 375mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 375 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 439 mm, say 450mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 450 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 386𝑚𝑚
Therefore, use 250 x 450 mm cross-section

9.1 FIRST FLOOR: @KL – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 72.02 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
72.02 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
72.02 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 293 mm, say 415mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section

10.1 FIRST FLOOR: @LM – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 141.05 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
141.05 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
141.05 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 410 mm, say 415mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section

11.1 FIRST FLOOR: @MN – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 141.05 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
141.05 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
141.05 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 410 mm, say 415mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section

12.1 FIRST FLOOR: @NO – 2m

Based on max 𝑀𝑢 = 72.02 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, use 𝜌 = 0.00911
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2 :
72.02 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)𝑏𝑑2 : assume b = 275 mm
72.02 𝑥 106 = 0.90(3.38)(275)𝑑2
𝑑 = 293 mm, say 415mm

ℎ = 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 415 + (40 + 10 + 14) = 479 mm, say 475mm

𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑒 = 475 − (40 + 10 + 14) = 411mm
Therefore, use 275 x 475 mm cross-section
C. Flexural steel at supports
1.1 THIRD FLOOR: @AB – 2m
based on 𝑀𝑢 = 15.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 15.69𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.77 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.77)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0019 < (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(200)(336) = 226.46 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 226.46
𝑛= = = 0.36, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

2.1 THIRD FLOOR: @BC – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 29.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 29.64𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.46 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.46)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00368 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00368(200)(336) = 247.30𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 247.30
𝑛= = = 0.40, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

3.1 THIRD FLOOR: @CD – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 29.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 29.64𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.46 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.46)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00368 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00368(200)(336) = 247.30𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 247.30
𝑛= = = 0.40, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

4.1 THIRD FLOOR: @DE – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 15.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 15.69𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.77 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.77)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0019 < (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(200)(336) = 226.46 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 226.46
𝑛= = = 0.36, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

5.1 SECOND FLOOR: @FG – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 41.49 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 41.49𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.24)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0031 < (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(250)(386) = 325.21 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 325.21
𝑛= = = 0.53, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
 𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

6.1 SECOND FLOOR: @GH – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 80.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 80.16𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 2.39 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(2.39)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00621 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00621(250)(386) = 599.27 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 599.27
𝑛= = = 0.97, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

7.1 SECOND FLOOR: @HI – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 80.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 80.16𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 2.39 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(2.39)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00621 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00621(250)(386) = 599.27 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 599.27
𝑛= = = 0.97, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

8.1 SECOND FLOOR: @IJ – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 41.49 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 41.49𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.24)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0031 < (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(250)(386) = 325.21 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 325.21
𝑛= = = 0.53, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

9.1 FIRST FLOOR: @KL – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 72.02 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 72.02𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.72 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.72)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0044 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0044(275)(411) = 497.31 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 497.31
𝑛= = = 0.81, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

10.1 FIRST FLOOR: @LM – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 141.05 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 141.05𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.37 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.37)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0091 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0091(275)(411) = 1028.53 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1028.53
𝑛= = = 1.67, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
 𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

11.1 FIRST FLOOR: @MN – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 141.05 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 141.05𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.37 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.37)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0091 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0091(275)(411) = 1028.53 𝑚𝑚
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1028.53
𝑛= = = 1.67, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

12.1 FIRST FLOOR: @NO – 2m

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 72.02 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 72.02𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.72 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.72)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0044 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0044(275)(411) = 497.31 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 497.31
𝑛= = = 0.81, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

D. Flexural steel at midspan

2.1 THIRD FLOOR: ABC = CDE
based on 𝑀𝑢 = 31.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 31.01𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 1.53 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(200)(336)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(1.53)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00386 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00386(200)(336) = 259.39 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 259.39
𝑛= = = 0.42, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 200−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 44𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

9.1 SECOND FLOOR: FGH = HIJ

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 82.37 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 82.37𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 2.46 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(250)(386)2
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(2.46)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0064 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0064(250)(386) = 617.6 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 617.6
𝑛= = = 1.00, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 250−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 94𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

10.1 FIRST FLOOR: KLM = MNO

based on 𝑀𝑢 = 143.39 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 143.39𝑥106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 3.43 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.90(275)(411)2
 1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(3.43)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00926 > (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337)
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00926(275)(411) = 1046.61 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 28 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (28)2 = 615.75 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 1046.61
𝑛= = = 1.70, say 2-28 mm  bars
𝐴𝑏 615.75
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 275−2(28)−2(50)
check clear spacing: 𝑠 = = = 119𝑚𝑚 > (25 mm, b) OK.
𝑛−1 2−1

E. Summary

TOP BARS BOTTOM BARS

BEAM
RIGHT SPAN
LEFT SPAN MIDSPAN RIGHT SPAN LEFT SPAN MIDSPAN

Third Floor
2-25 mm 
AB 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
BC 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
CD 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
DE 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

Second Floor
2-25 mm 
FG 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
GH 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
HI 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
IJ 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

First Floor
2-25 mm 
KL 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
LM 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
MN 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

2-25 mm 
NO 2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm  2-25 mm  2-28 mm 

F. Details
4.1 THIRD FLOOR

5.1 SECOND FLOOR

6.1 FIRST FLOOR
 DESIGN
OF
COLUMNS
 THIRD FLOOR:

1. Designing Column 1
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 2.7 + 4.05 = 6.75 kN
• LL = 1.425 + 2.23 = 3.66 kN
• E = 44.64 +27.9 = 72.54 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (6.75) + 1.0(72.54) + 1.0(3.66) = 84.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 =
∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

84.3 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 5836.30 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 200mm

use 200 mm x 200 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4
(20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= = = 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars
𝐴𝑏 314.16

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 200(200) = 40000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 40000 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0314 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(40000)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 577.76 𝑘𝑁 > 84.3 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
 using 10 mm∅ bars
a. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
b. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
c. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 200 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 200mm O.C.
1.1 Details

Cross-section: 200 mm x 200 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

2. Designing Column 2
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 9 + 13.5 = 22.5 kN
• LL = 4.75 + 7.42 = 12.17 kN
• E = 89.28 + 55.8 = 145.08 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (22.5 ) + 1.0(145.08) + 1.0(12.17) = 184.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

184.25 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 12756 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 225mm

use 225 mm x 225 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 225(225) = 50625 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 50625 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0248 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(50625)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
 𝑃𝑢 = 731.23 𝑘𝑁 > 184.25 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
d. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
e. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
f. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 225 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 225mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 225 mm x 225 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3. Designing Column 3
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 18 + 27 = 45 kN
• LL = 14.84 + 9.5 = 24.34 kN
• E = 178.56 + 111.6 = 290.16 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (45 ) + 1.0(290.16) + 1.0(24.34) = 368.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

368.5 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 25512 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 250mm

use 250 mm x 250 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 250(250) = 62500 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 62500 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0201 > 0.01 OK!
 𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]
𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(62500)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 902.76 𝑘𝑁 > 368.5 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
g. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
h. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
i. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars
 SECOND FLOOR:

1. Designing Column 1
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 6.75 + 5.1 + 8.05 = 19.9 kN
• LL = 3.66 + 1.425 + 2.23 = 7.315 kN
• E = 72.54 + 79.14 + 49.44 = 201.12 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (19.9) + 1.0(201.12 ) + 1.0(7.315) = 232.32 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

232.32 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 16084 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 225mm

use 225 mm x 225 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4
(20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 225(225) = 50625 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 50625 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0248 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(50625)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 731.23 𝑘𝑁 > 232.32 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
 using 10 mm∅ bars
a. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
b. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
c. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 225 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 225mm O.C.
2.1 Details

Cross-section: 225 mm x 225 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

2. Designing Column 2
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 22.5 + 26.84 + 17 = 66.34 kN
• LL = 12.17 + 7.42 + 4.75 = 24.34 kN
• E = 145.08 + 158.28 + 98.88 = 402.24 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (66.34) + 1.0(402.24) + 1.0(24.34) = 506.19 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

506.19 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 35044 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 250mm

use 250 mm x 250 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 250(250) = 62500 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 62500 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0201 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(62500)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
 𝑃𝑢 = 902.76 𝑘𝑁 > 506.19 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
a. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
b. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
c. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3. Designing Column 3
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 45 + 34 + 53.68 = 132.68 kN
• LL = 24.34 + 9.5 + 14.84 = 48.68 kN
• E = 290.16 + 316.56 + 197.76 = 804.48 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (132.68 ) + 1.0(804.48) + 1.0(48.68)
= 1012.38 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 =
∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

1012.38 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = = 70089 𝑚𝑚2
(0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]

𝑏 = √70089 = 264.74 mm, say 275mm

use 275 mm x 275 mm section

2.1 Calculate Steel Area

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (70089) = 1402 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4
(20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1402
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 4.46, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 275(275) = 75625 𝑚𝑚2
 𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 75625 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0166 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(75625)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 1092.33 𝑘𝑁 > 1012.38 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
d. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
e. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
f. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 275 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 275mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 275 mm x 275 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars
 FIRST FLOOR:

1. Designing Column 1
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 19.9 + 8.19 + 5.475 = 33.57 kN
• LL = 7.315 + 2.23 + 1.425 = 10.97 kN
• E = 201.12 + 97.16 + 60.72 = 359 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (33.57) + 1.0(359) + 1.0(10.97) = 410.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

410.25 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 28403 𝑚𝑚2 , use 𝐴𝑔 = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √60000 = 244.95 mm, say 250mm

use 250 mm x 250 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (60000) = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 1200
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.82, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 250(250) = 62500 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = = = 0.0201 > 0.01 OK!
𝐴𝑔 62500 𝑚𝑚2

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(62500)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 902.76 𝑘𝑁 > 410.25 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
 using 10 mm∅ bars
g. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
h. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
i. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 250 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.
3.1 Details

Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

2. Designing Column 2
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 66.34 + 27.32 + 18.25 = 111.91 kN
• LL = 24.34 + 7.42 +4.75 = 36.51 kN
• E = 402.24 + 194.32 + 121.44= 718 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (111.91) + 1.0(718) + 1.0(36.51) = 888.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

888.8 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 61534 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √61534 = 248.06 mm, say 275mm

use 275 mm x 275 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (61534) = 1231 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 1231
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 3.92, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 4(314.16) = 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 275(275) = 75625 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 1256.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 75625 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0166 > 0.01 OK!

𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(75625)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
 𝑃𝑢 = 1092.33 𝑘𝑁 > 888.8 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
a. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
b. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
c. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 275 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 275mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 275 mm x 275 mm

Vertical bars: 4 −20 mm∅ bars

3. Designing Column 3
• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• DL = 132.68 + 36.5 + 54.64 = 223.82 kN
• LL = 48.68 + 9.5 + 14.84 = 73.02 kN
• E = 804.48 + 388.64 + 242.88 = 1436 kN

1.1 Compute Column Dimension

Assume 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (223.82) + 1.0(1436) + 1.0(73.02) = 1777.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐴𝑔 = ∅0.80[0.85𝑓′ 𝑐(1−𝜌𝑔 )+ 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]

1777.6 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑔 = (0.70)(0.80)[0.85(21)(1−0.02)+ 0.02(415)]
= 123068 𝑚𝑚2

𝑏 = √123068 = 350.81 mm, say 375mm

use 375 mm x 375 mm section
2.1 Calculate Steel Area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = 0.02 (123068) = 2462 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm∅ bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 2462
𝑛= 𝐴𝑏
= 314.16
= 7.83, 𝑡𝑟𝑦 8 −20 mm∅ bars

3.1 Check Capacity

𝐴𝑠 = 8(314.16) = 2513.28 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑔 = 375(375) = 140625 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 2513.28 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔
= 140625 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.0179 > 0.01 OK!
 𝑃𝑢 = ∅0.80𝐴𝑔 [0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(1 − 𝜌𝑔 ) + 𝜌𝑔 (𝑓𝑦)]
𝑃𝑢 = (0.70)(0.80)(140625)[0.85(21)(1 − 0.02) + 0.02(415)] 10−3
𝑃𝑢 = 2031.2 𝑘𝑁 > 1777.6 𝑘𝑁 SAFE‼♥
4.1 Design Lateral Ties
using 10 mm∅ bars
a. 𝑠 ≤ 16𝑑𝑏 = 16(20) = 320 𝑚𝑚
b. 𝑠 ≤ 48𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒 = 48(10) = 480 𝑚𝑚
c. 𝑠 ≤ 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 320 𝑚𝑚 (controls)
Use 10 mm∅ ties @ 320mm O.C.

5.1 Details

Cross-section: 375 mm x 375 mm

Vertical bars: 8 −20 mm∅ bars
 SUMMARY:
FLOOR COLUMN COLUMN DEATILS

Cross-section: 200 mm x 200 mm

C-1 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 200mm O.C.
Cross-section: 225 mm x 225 mm
Third Floor C-2 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 225mm O.C.
Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm
C-3 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.

Cross-section: 225 mm x 225 mm

C-1 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 225mm O.C.

Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm

Second Floor
C-2 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.
Cross-section: 275 mm x 275 mm
C-3 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 275mm O.C.

Cross-section: 250 mm x 250 mm

C-1 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 250mm O.C.

Cross-section: 275 mm x 275 mm

First Floor
C-2 Vertical Bar: 4−20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 275mm O.C.
Cross-section: 375 mm x 375 mm
C-3 Vertical Bar: 8 −20 mm∅ bars
Ties: 10 mm∅ ties @ 320mm O.C.
 DESIGN
OF
FOOTING
 Square Footing # 1:
Column 1: 250mm x 250mm
PDL = 33.57 kN f’c = 21 MPa
PLL = 10.97 kN
PE = 359 kN fy = 415 MPa
𝑞𝑎 = 180 kPa

A. Proportion footing dimensions

a. Unfactored Column load
P = DL + LL + E = 33.57 + 10.97 + 359 = 403.54 kN
b. Assume weight of footing to be 20% of column load
W = 0.20(403.54) = 80.708 kN
c. Total load supported by soil
R = 403.54 + 80.708 = 484.25 kN
d. Required footing area
𝑅 484.25
𝐴= 𝑞𝑎
= 180
= 2.69𝑚2
e. Footing dimension
𝐵 = √𝐴 = √2.69 = 1.64𝑚
Use 2m x 2m footing
f. Required footing area
𝐴 = (2𝑚)(2𝑚) = 4𝑚2
g. Factored column load
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (33.57) + 1.0(359) + 1.0(10.97) = 410.25 𝑘𝑁
h. Net ultimate upward pressure
𝑃 410.25
𝑞𝑢 = 𝐴𝑢 = 4 = 102.56 kPa

B. Compute "d" for beam shear

a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (102.56 )(2)(0.875 − 𝑑)
𝑉𝑢 = (205.12)(0.875 − 𝑑) kN
b. Shear capacity at critical section
1 1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)𝑑
6 6
∅𝑉𝑢 = 649.20d kN

c. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(205.12)(0.875 − 𝑑) = 649.20d kN
d = 0.21
C. Compute "d" for punching shear
a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (102.56)[22 − (0.25 + 𝑑)2 ]
𝑉𝑢 = (102.56)[3.94 − 0.5𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] kN
b. Shear capacity at critical section
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏0 𝑑
3
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(0.3 + 𝑑)(𝑑)
3
∅𝑉𝑢 = 1298.40(0.25d+d2) kN

c. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(102.56)[3.94 − 0.5𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] = 1298.40(0.25d+d2)
d = 0.42 (controls)
Therefore, use d = 400 mm

D. Compute flexural steel

a. Factored moment
𝑀𝑢 = (102.56)(0.875)(2)(0.4375) = 78.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
b. Moment resistance coefficient
𝑀𝑢 78.52 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 0.27
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(2000)(400)
c. Strength ratio
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
d. Required steel ratio
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.27)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000656
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

e. Minimum steel ratio

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337 > 𝜌 = 0.000656

Therefore, use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕

f. Steel area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(2000)(400) = 2696 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 10 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (10)2 = 78.54 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 2696
𝑛= = = 34.33,
𝐴𝑏 78.54
use 34-10 mm  bars (2 layers – 17-10 mm  bars)
g. Check spacing of bars
 𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 2000−17(10)−2(75)
𝑠= = = 105𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 17−1
desirable spacing, 75 < s < 200mm, OK!!
h. Check development length
𝛼 = 1.0 𝛽 = 1.2 𝛾 = 1.0 λ = 1.0
𝐿𝑑 3𝑓𝑦𝛼𝛽𝛾λ 3(415)(1)(1.2)(1)(1)
= = = 65.20
𝑑𝑏 5√𝑓′𝑐 5√21
𝐿𝑑 = 65.20(10) = 652 mm, min 𝐿𝑑 = 300𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑑 = 875 − 75 = 800 𝑚𝑚 > 652 mm, OK!!

E. Check weight of footing

a. thickness of footing
t = 400 + 100 = 500 mm
b. volume of footing
𝑉𝑓 = 2(2)(0.5) = 2 𝑚3
c. weight of footing
𝑊𝑓 = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (2𝑚3 ) = 48 kN < 80.708 kN, OK!!

F. Details
Square Footing # 2:
Column 2: 275mm x 275mm
PDL = 111.91 kN f’c = 21 MPa
PLL = 36.51 kN
PE = 718 kN fy = 415 MPa
𝑞𝑎 = 180 kPa

A. Proportion footing dimensions

a. Unfactored Column load
P = DL + LL + E = 111.91 + 36.51 + 718 = 866.42 kN
b. Assume weight of footing to be 20% of column load
W = 0.20(866.42) = 173.28 kN
c. Total load supported by soil
R = 866.42 + 173.28 = 1039.7 kN
d. Required footing area
𝑅 1039.7
𝐴= = = 5.78𝑚2
𝑞𝑎 180
e. Footing dimension
𝐵 = √𝐴 = √5.78 = 2.4𝑚
Use 2.6m x 2.6m footing
f. Required footing area
𝐴 = (2.6𝑚)(2.6𝑚) = 6.76𝑚2
g. Factored column load
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (111.91) + 1.0(718) + 1.0(36.51) = 888.8 𝑘𝑁
h. Net ultimate upward pressure
𝑃 888.8
𝑞𝑢 = 𝐴𝑢 = 6.76 = 131.48 kPa

B. Compute "d" for beam shear

a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (131.48 )(2.6)(1.1625 − 𝑑)
𝑉𝑢 = (341.85)(1.1625 − 𝑑) kN
b. Shear capacity at critical section
1 1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)𝑑
6 6
∅𝑉𝑢 = 649.20d kN

c. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(341.85)(1.1625 − 𝑑) = 649.20d kN
d = 0.4
C. Compute "d" for punching shear
a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (131.48 )[2.62 − (0.275 + 𝑑)2 ]
𝑉𝑢 = (131.48 )[6.68 − 0.55𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] kN
d. Shear capacity at critical section
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏0 𝑑
3
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(0.5 + 𝑑)(𝑑)
3
∅𝑉𝑢 = 1298.40(0.275d+d2) kN

e. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(131.48 )[6.68 − 0.55𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] = 1298.40(0.275d+d2)
d = 0.65 (controls)
Therefore, use d = 650 mm

D. Compute flexural steel

a. Factored moment
𝑀𝑢 = (131.48)(1.1625)(2.6)(0.5813) = 231 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
b. Moment resistance coefficient
𝑀𝑢 231 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 0.23
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(2600)(650)
c. Strength ratio
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
d. Required steel ratio
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.23)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000558
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

e. Minimum steel ratio

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337 > 𝜌 = 0.000558

Therefore, use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕

f. Steel area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(2600)(650) = 5695.3 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
using 10 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (10)2 = 78.54 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 5695.3
𝑛= = = 72.51,
𝐴𝑏 78.54
use 72-10 mm  bars (3 layers – 24-10 mm  bars)
g. Check spacing of bars
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 2600−24(10)−2(75)
𝑠= = = 96.09𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 24−1
desirable spacing, 75 < s < 200mm, OK!!
 h. Check development length
𝛼 = 1.0 𝛽 = 1.2 𝛾 = 1.0 λ = 1.0
𝐿𝑑 3𝑓𝑦𝛼𝛽𝛾λ 3(415)(1)(1.2)(1)(1)
= = = 65.20
𝑑𝑏 5√𝑓′𝑐 5√21
𝐿𝑑 = 65.20(10) = 652 mm, min 𝐿𝑑 = 300𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑑 = 1162.5 − 75 = 1087.5 𝑚𝑚 > 652 mm, OK!!

E. Check weight of footing

a. thickness of footing
t = 650 + 100 = 750 mm
b. volume of footing
𝑉𝑓 = 2.6(2.6)(0.75) = 5.07 𝑚3
c. weight of footing
𝑊𝑓 = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (5.07𝑚3 ) = 121.68 kN < 173.28 kN, OK!!

F. Details

750
Square Footing # 3:
Column 3: 375mm x 375mm
PDL = 223.82 kN f’c = 21 MPa
PLL = 73.02 kN
PE = 1436 kN fy = 415 MPa
𝑞𝑎 = 180 kPa

A. Proportion footing dimensions

a. Unfactored Column load
P = DL + LL + E = 223.82 + 73.02 + 1436 = 1732.84 kN
b. Assume weight of footing to be 20% of column load
W = 0.20(1732.84) = 346.57 kN
c. Total load supported by soil
R = 1732.84 + 346.57 = 2079.41 kN
d. Required footing area
𝑅 2079.41
𝐴= = = 11.55𝑚2
𝑞𝑎 180
e. Footing dimension
𝐵 = √𝐴 = √11.55 = 3.4𝑚
Use 3.4m x 3.4m footing
f. Required footing area
𝐴 = (3.4𝑚)(3.4𝑚) = 11.56𝑚2
g. Factored column load
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 (𝐷𝐿) + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿 = 1.2 (223.82) + 1.0(1436) + 1.0(73.02) = 1777.6 𝑘𝑁
h. Net ultimate upward pressure
𝑃 1777.6
𝑞𝑢 = 𝐴𝑢 = 11.56 = 153.77 kPa

B. Compute "d" for beam shear

a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (153.77)(3.4)(1.5125 − 𝑑)
𝑉𝑢 = (522.82)(1.5125 − 𝑑) kN
b. Shear capacity at critical section
1 1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)𝑑
6 6
∅𝑉𝑢 = 649.20d kN

c. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(522.82)(1.5125 − 𝑑) = 649.20d kN
d = 0.67
C. Compute "d" for punching shear
a. Factored shear
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒)(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)
𝑉𝑢 = (153.77 )[3.42 − (0.375 + 𝑑)2 ]
𝑉𝑢 = (153.77 )[11.42 − 0.75𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] kN
b. Shear capacity at critical section
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏0 𝑑
3
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = 0.85 (3) √21(1000)(0.375 + 𝑑)(𝑑)
∅𝑉𝑢 = 1298.40(0.375d+d2) kN

c. Equate factored shear to shear capacity and compute "d"

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑢
(153.77 )[11.42 − 0.75𝑑 − 𝑑2 ] = 1298.40(0.375d+d2)
d = 0.91 (controls)
Therefore, use d = 900 mm

D. Compute flexural steel

a. Factored moment
𝑀𝑢 = (153.77)(1.5125)(3.4)(0.757) = 598.61 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
b. Moment resistance coefficient
𝑀𝑢 598.61 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 0.24
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(3400)(900)
c. Strength ratio
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
d. Required steel ratio
1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.24)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00058
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

e. Minimum steel ratio

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337 > 𝜌 = 0.00058

Therefore, use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕

f. Steel area
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(3400)(900) = 10312.2 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
using 20 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.16 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠 10312.2
𝑛= = = 32.82,
𝐴𝑏 314.16
use 32-10 mm  bars both ways
g. Check spacing of bars
𝑏−𝑛𝜑𝑏 −2𝑝𝑐 3400−32(20)−2(75)
𝑠= = = 84.19𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 32−1
desirable spacing, 75 < s < 200mm, OK!!
 h. Check development length
𝛼 = 1.0 𝛽 = 1.2 𝛾 = 1.0 λ = 1.0
𝐿𝑑 3𝑓𝑦𝛼𝛽𝛾λ 3(415)(1)(1.2)(1)(1)
= = = 65.20
𝑑𝑏 5√𝑓′𝑐 5√21
𝐿𝑑 = 65.20(20) = 1304 mm, min 𝐿𝑑 = 300𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑑 = 1512.5 − 75 = 1437.5 𝑚𝑚 > 1304 mm, OK!!

E. Check weight of footing

a. thickness of footing
t = 900 + 100 = 1000 mm
b. volume of footing
𝑉𝑓 = 3.4(3.4)(1) = 11.56 𝑚3
c. weight of footing
𝑊𝑓 = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (11.56𝑚3 ) = 277.44 kN < 346.57 kN, OK!!

F. Details

1000
DESIGN
OF
STAIR
 • f’c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Main bar = 12 mm 
• Slab thickness = 150 mm
A. Main stair
a) Dimensions
Width of stair = 1.00 m 0.407 m

x
Horizontal clear span = 1.63 + 0.87 – 0.25 = 2.25 m 0.20 m
t = 0.15 m
tave
0.20
Angle, 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 26. 2𝑜
0.407

0.407
Distance, 𝑥 = ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 6.2 = 0.090m
2

𝐿 𝑓𝑌 2250 415
Trial thickness, 𝑡 = (0.4 + )= (0.4 + ) = 93.08mm, try 100 mm
24 700 24 700

Average thickness, 𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 0.15 + 0.09 = 0.24m

Inclined distance, 𝑆 = √1.632 + 1. 002 = 1.91m

b) Service loads
Dead load (weight of stair slab) = 24(0.24) (1.00) (1.91)/1.63 = 6.75 kN/m

Live load = 4.80(1.00) = 4.8 kN/m

c) Factored loads
Factored dead load = 1.2(6.75) = 8.1 kN/m

Factored live load = 1.6(4.8) = 7.68 kN/m

Total factored load = 8.1 + 7.68 = 15.78 kN/m

d) Compute moments
1 1
At continuous end: −𝑀1 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (15.78)(2.25)2 = 7.99kN-m
10 10

1 1
At midspan: +𝑀2 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (15.78)(2.25)2 = 7.26kN-m
11 11
 1 1
At discontinuous end: −𝑀3 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (15.78)(2.25)2 = 3.33kN-m
24 24

e) Check effective depth for flexure

𝑓′𝑐 21
To control deflection, use 𝜌 = 0.18 = (0.18) = 0.00911
𝑓𝑦 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓′𝑐 0.85(21)

𝜌𝑚 (0.00911)(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 [1 − ] = (0.00911)(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2

𝑀𝑢 7.99𝑥106
Required effective depth, 𝑑 = √ =√ = 52mm
𝜑𝑅𝑢 𝑏 0.9(3.38 )(1000)

Actual effective depth, 𝑑 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124 mm > 52 mm OK

f) Check effective depth for shear (NSCP Section 408.4.3)

1.15
Shear at continuous end: 𝑉𝑢 = (15.78)(2.25) = 20.42kN
2

1 1
Shear capacity: 𝜑𝑉𝑐 = 𝜑 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)(10−3 ) = 80.5kN > 20.42 kN OK
6 6

g) Negative steel at continuous end: −𝑀1 = 7.99kN-m

𝑀𝑢 7.99𝑥106
Required bending coefficient, 𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.58 MPa
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.58)(23.25)
Steel ratio, 𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00142 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00276
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.00276) = 0.00368
3 3

Steel area, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00368 (1000)(124) = 456mm2

Temperature requirement, 𝐴𝑠,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 = 0.002𝑏𝑡 = 0.002(1000)(150) = 300 mm2 < 456 mm2
𝜋
For 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113mm2
4

1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113)
Required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 247.81 mm
𝐴𝑠 456

Maximum spacing s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 mm

Therefore, use 12 mm  @ 0.15 m o.c. top bars @ continuous end.

h) Positive steel at midspan: +𝑀2 = 7.26kN-m

𝑀𝑢 7.26𝑥106
Required bending coefficient, 𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.53MPa
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.53)(23.25)
Steel ratio, 𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.0013 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00276
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.00276) = 0.00368
3 3

Steel area, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00368 (1000)(124) = 456mm2 > 𝐴𝑠,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 = 300 mm2

1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113)
Spacing of 12 mm  bars, 𝑠 = = = 247.81 mm < (max s = 450 mm)
𝐴𝑠 456

Therefore, use 12 mm  @ 0.20 m o.c. bottom bars @ midspan.

i) Negative steel at discontinuous end: −𝑀3 = 3.33kN-mkN-m

 𝑀𝑢 3.33𝑥106
Required bending coefficient, 𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.24MPa
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.24)(23.25)
Steel ratio, 𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00058 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00276
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.00276) = 0.00368
3 3

Steel area, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00368 (1000)(124) = 456mm2 > 𝐴𝑠,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 = 300 mm2

1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113)
Spacing of 12 mm  bars, 𝑠 = = = 247.81 mm < (max s = 450 mm)
𝐴𝑠 456

Therefore, use 12 mm  @ 0.30 m o.c. top bars @ discontinuous end.

j) Select size and spacing of temperature bars

𝜋
Using 10 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (10)2 = 78.5mm2
4

1000𝐴𝑏 1000(78.5)
Required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 262 mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 300

Maximum spacing s = 5t = 5(150) = 750 mm or 450 mm

Therefore, use 10 mm  @ 0.25 m o.c. temperature bars

k) Loads transmitted to supporting beams

1
SB-1: 𝐷 = (6.75 )(2.25)/1.00 = 7.59kN/m;
2

1
𝐿 = (4.8)(2.25)/1.00 = 5.4kN/m
2

2B-3: 𝐷 = 1.15(7.59) = 8.73kN/m;

𝐿 = 1.15(5.4) = 6.21kN/m

l) Details of Main Stairs

Stair slab thickness = 150 mm

Rebar schedule:

“a” = 12 mm  @ 0.15 m o.c. top bars

“b” = 12 mm  @ 0.20 m o.c. bottom bars

“c” = 12 mm  @ 0.30 m o.c. top bars

“d” = 10 mm  @ 0.25 m o.c. temperature bars

“e” = 10 mm  @ 0.30 m o.c. forming bars

“f” = 10 mm  knee bars

DESIGN
OF
SLAB
SLAB AT THIRD FLOOR:

@A, B and C

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 300mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 1.9 kPa
• Long span 6 meters
• Short span 5 meters
𝑆 5
• M= = = 0.83
𝐿 6
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
𝑙𝑎 2.3
𝑚= = = 1.28 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.8

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2300 + 1800)
ℎ= = = 45.56 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 𝑤𝑙 = 1.9 (1.0) = 1.9 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(1.9) = 7.36 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟕. 𝟑𝟔)(𝟐. 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(7.36)(1.8)2 = 0.41 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.55 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(1.9)(2.3)2 = 0.42 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.55 + 0.42 = 0.97 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.19 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(1.9)(2.3)2 = 0.17 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.19 + 0.17 = 0.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.36) = 0.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 2.92 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 31 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 31𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(7.36)(2.3)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 7.03 𝑘𝑁
2 2
 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(7.36)(1.8)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 1.13 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 7.03 𝑘𝑁 OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 2.92 0.21 0.00051 0.000679 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.97 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.41 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.36 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.12 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 2.92 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 2.92 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.21)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00051 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00051) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟗 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000679(1000)(124) = 84.20 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

 Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.97 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.97 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.07 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.07)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00017 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00017) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00023(1000)(124) = 28.52 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.41 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.41 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.36 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
 𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.12 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.0087 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.0087)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000021 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000021) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000028(1000)(124) = 3.47 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

H. Details

a. Top bars

b. Bottom bars
@E and F

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 200mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 3.8 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
𝑙𝑎 2.3
𝑚= = = 1.28 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.8

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2300 + 1800)
ℎ= = = 45.56 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 3.8 (1.0) = 3.8 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(3.8) = 10.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟐. 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(10.4)(1.8)2 = 0.57 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

 +𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.55 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(3.8)(2.3)2 = 0.84 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.55 + 0.84 = 1.39 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.19 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(3.8)(2.3)2 = 0.34 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.19 + 0.34 = 0.53 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.53) = 0.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 2.92 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 37 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 37𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 9.93 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 7.77 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 9.93 𝑘𝑁 OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 4.13 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 4.13 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.30)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00073 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00073) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00097(1000)(124) = 120.28 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 1.39 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 1.39 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.1 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2
 1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.1)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00032(1000)(124) = 39.68 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.57 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.57 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.53 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.53 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3
 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000096(1000)(124) = 11.904 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.18 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.01)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000032(1000)(124) = 3.497 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

H. Details

a. Top bars

b. Bottom bars
@G and H

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 200mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 3.8 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
𝑙𝑎 2.3
𝑚= = = 1.28 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.8

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2300 + 1800)
ℎ= = = 45.56 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 3.8 (1.0) = 3.8 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(3.8) = 10.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟐. 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(10.4)(1.8)2 = 0.57 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

 +𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.55 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(3.8)(2.3)2 = 0.84 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.55 + 0.84 = 1.39 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.3)2 = 0.19 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(3.8)(2.3)2 = 0.34 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.19 + 0.34 = 0.53 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.53) = 0.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 2.92 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 37 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 37𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 9.93 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 7.77 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 9.93 𝑘𝑁 OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 4.13 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 4.13 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.30)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00073 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00073) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00097(1000)(124) = 120.28 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 1.39 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 1.39 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.1 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2
 1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.1)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00032(1000)(124) = 39.68 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.57 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.57 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.53 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.53 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3
 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000096(1000)(124) = 11.904 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.18 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.01)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000032(1000)(124) = 3.497 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

H. Details

a. Top bars

b. Bottom bars
SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR:

@A, B and C

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 250mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 1.9 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
𝑙𝑎 2.25
𝑚= = = 1.28 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.75

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2250 + 1750)
ℎ= = = 44.44 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 𝑤𝑙 = 1.9 (1.0) = 1.9 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(1.9) = 7.36 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟕. 𝟑𝟔)(𝟐. 𝟐𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(7.36)(1.75)2 = 0.38 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.25)2 = 0.53 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(1.9)(2.25)2 = 0.40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.53 + 0.40 = 0.93 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.25)2 = 0.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(1.9)(2.25)2 = 0.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.18 + 0.16 = 0.34 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.34) = 0.11 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 2.79 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 30 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 30𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(7.36)(2.25)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 6.87 𝑘𝑁
2 2
 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(7.36)(1.75)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 1.09 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 7.03 𝑘𝑁 OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 2.79 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.93 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.38 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.34 0.02 0.000048 0.000064 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.11 0.0079 0.000019 0.000025 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 2.79 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 2.79 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.20 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.20)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00048 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00048) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00064(1000)(124) = 79.36 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

 Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.93 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.93 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.07 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.07)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00017 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00017) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00023(1000)(124) = 28.52 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.38 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.38 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.34 kN.m

 0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.02)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000048 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000048) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000064(1000)(124) = 7.94 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.11 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.11 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.0079 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.0079)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000019 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000019) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000025(1000)(124) = 3.1 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

H. Details
 a. Top bars

b. Bottom bars

@E, F, G and H
 • f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 250mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 3.8 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
𝑙𝑎 2.25
𝑚= = = 1.28 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.75

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2250 + 1750)
ℎ= = = 44.44 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 3.8 (1.0) = 3.8 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(3.8) = 10.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟐. 𝟐𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(10.4)(1.75)2 = 0.54 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.25)2 = 0.53 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
 +𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(3.8)(2.25)2 = 0.81 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.53 + 0.81 = 1.34 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.25)2 = 0.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(3.8)(2.25)2 = 0.33 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.18 + 0.33 = 0.51 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.51) = 0.17 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓𝑐′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 = 0.18 = 0.00911
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 3.95 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 36 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 36𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(10.4)(2.25)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 9.71 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(10.4)(1.75)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 1.55 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 9.71 𝑘𝑁 OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 3.95 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 1.34 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.54 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.51 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 3.95 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 3.95 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.28)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00068 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00068) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00091(1000)(124) = 112.84 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 1.34 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 1.34 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.10 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2
 1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.1)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00032(1000)(124) = 39.68 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.54 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.54 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.51 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.51 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3
 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.17 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.11 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.01)(23.25)
𝜌𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000032(1000)(124) = 3.497 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

 H. Details

a. Top bars

b. Bottom bars

SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR:

@A
 • f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 275mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 1.9 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
𝑙𝑎 2.225
𝑚= = = 1.29 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.725

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2225 + 1725)
ℎ= = = 43.89 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 1.9 (1.0) = 1.9 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(1.9) = 7.36 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟕. 𝟑𝟔)(𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(7.36)(1.725)2 = 0.37 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.225)2 = 0.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
 +𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(1.9)(2.225)2 = 0.40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.52 + 0.40 = 0.92 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.225)2 = 0.19 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(1.9)(2.225)2 = 0.16 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.19 + 0.16 = 0.35 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.35) = 0.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓𝑐′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 = 0.18 = 0.00911
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 2.73 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 30 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 30𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(7.36)(2.225)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 6.80 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(7.36)(1.725)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 0.53 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 6.80 𝑘𝑁 OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 2.73 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425

0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.92

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

0.37
 +𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.35 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.12 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 2.73 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 2.73 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.20 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.20)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00048 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00048) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00064(1000)(124) = 79.36 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.92 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.92 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.07 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.07)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00017 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00017) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00023(1000)(124) = 28.52 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
 𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.37 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.37 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.36 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
 1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.12 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.36 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.0087 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.0087)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000021 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000021) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000028(1000)(124) = 3.47 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

H. Details

a. Top bars
 b. Bottom bars
@BC

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 275mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 4.8 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 1.0 – 0.275 = 0.725 m

lb = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
𝑙𝑎 2.225
𝑚= = = 0.33 > 0.50 Therefore, one-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.8

B. Compute for minimum slab thickness

 𝐿 725
ℎ= = = 30𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50𝑚𝑚
24 24
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15)(1) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 4.8 (1.0) = 4.8 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(4.8) = 12 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Check ACI limitations
𝐿𝐿 4.8
a. = = 1.33 < 3.0 𝑂𝐾!
𝐷𝐿 3.6
𝐿−𝑆 0
b. = = 0 < 0.20 𝑂𝐾!
𝑆 0.725

E. Compute moments using ACI coefficients

1 1
−𝑀1 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (12)(0.725)2 = 0.26 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
24 24
1 1
𝑀2 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (12)(0.725)2 = 0.45 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
1 1
−𝑀3 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (12)(0.725)2 = 0.63𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10 10

1 1
+𝑀4 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (12)(0.725)2 = 0.39 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
1 1
−𝑀5 = 𝑤𝐿2 = (12)(0.725)2 = 0.57 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11

F. Check effective depth to control deflection

𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦

𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 0.63 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 15 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 15𝑚𝑚 OK!

G. Check effective depth for shear
1.15 1.15
𝑅= 𝑤𝐿 = (12)(0.725) = 5 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear at “d” distance from face of support:
𝑉𝑢 = (5) − 12(0.124) = 3.51 𝑘𝑁
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 3.51 𝑘𝑁 OK!
H. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

1 0.26 0.02 0.000048 0.000064 260.24 434.6, say 425

2 0.45 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

3 0.63 0.05 0.00012 0.00016 260.24 434.6, say 425

4 0.39 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425

5 0.57 0.04 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For 𝑴𝒖 = 0.26 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.26 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.02)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000048 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000048) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000064(1000)(124) = 7.94 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For 𝑴𝒖 = 0.45 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.45 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
 4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For 𝑴𝒖 = 0.63 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.63 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.05 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.05)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00012 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00012) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00016(1000)(124) = 19.84 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For 𝑴𝒖 = 0.39 kN.m
0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.39 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.03)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00072 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00072) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00096(1000)(124) = 119.04 𝑚𝑚2

 Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For 𝑴𝒖 = 0.57 kN.m
0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.57 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.0087)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000021 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000021) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000028(1000)(124) = 3.47 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E, F, G and H

• f'c = 21 MPa
• fy = 415 MPa
• Beam Width = 275mm
• DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
• LL = 3.8 kPa
• Long span 2.5 meters
• Short span 2 meters
𝑆 2
• M= = = 0.8
𝐿 2.5
• Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
𝑙𝑎 2.225
𝑚= = = 1.29 > 0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
𝑙𝑏 1.725

B. Compute trial slab thickness

2(𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏 ) 2(2225 + 1725)
ℎ= = = 43.89 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50 𝑚𝑚
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
𝑤𝑑 = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
𝑤𝑙 = 3.8 (1.0) = 3.8 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑤𝑑 ) + 1.6(𝑤𝑙 ) = 1.2 (3.6) + 1.6(3.8) = 10.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂,𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

−𝑀𝑏,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 2 = 0.017(10.4)(1.725)2 = 0.53 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

 +𝑀𝑎,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.029(3.6)(2.225)2 = 0.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑎,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.042(3.8)(2.225)2 = 0.79 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.52 + 0.79 = 1.31 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑙 𝑤𝑑 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.010(3.6)(2.225)2 = 0.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑏,𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑙𝑎 2 = 0.017(3.8)(2.225)2 = 0.32 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 0.18 + 0.32 = 0.50 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 1
+𝑀𝑏,𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (+𝑀𝑏,𝑚𝑖𝑑 ) = (0.50) = 0.17 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
𝑓′ 21
To control deflection, 𝜌 ≤ 0.18 𝑓𝑐 = 0.18 415 = 0.00911
𝑦
𝑓𝑦 415
𝑚= = = 23.25
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(21)
0.00911(23.25)
𝑅𝑢 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − 𝜌𝑚/2) = 0.00911(415) [1 − ] = 3.38 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
use maximum factored moment = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑀 3.86 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √∅𝑅 𝑢𝑏 = √0.90(3.38)(1000) = 36 𝑚𝑚
𝑢

𝑑𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 150 − 20 − 6 = 124𝑚𝑚 > 36𝑚𝑚 OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎 0.83(10.4)(2.225)
𝑉𝑎 = = = 9.60 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏 0.17(10.4)(1.725)
𝑉𝑏 = = = 1.52 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Shear Capacity:
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ ( ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
6
1
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85 ( ) √21(1000)(124)10−3
6
∅𝑉𝑐 = 80.50 𝑘𝑁 > 9.60 𝑘𝑁 OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.
Spacing of 16
Mu Ru As
SECTION Req’d 𝝆 Use 𝝆 mm ∅
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2)

−𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 3.86 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 1.31 0.09 0.00022 0.00029 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.53 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

+𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 0.50 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425

−𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −𝑴𝒂,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 3.86 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 3.86 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.28)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00068 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00068) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00091(1000)(124) = 112.84 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 1.31 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 1.31𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.09𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2
 1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.09)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.00022 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415
= 0.00337
4 4
𝜌 = (0.00022) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟗 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00029(1000)(124) = 36.37 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.53 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.53 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For +𝑴𝒃,𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 0.50 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.50 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 0.04 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.04)(23.25)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000096 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000096) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 (controls)
3 3
 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00013(1000)(124) = 16.12 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = 4 (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −𝑴𝒃,𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 0.17 kN.m

0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 0.25√21 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 ≤ ( = 0.00337)
𝑓𝑦 415 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 0.11 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = 2
= = 0.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜑𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(124)2

1 2𝑅𝑢 𝑚 1 2(0.01)(23.25)
𝜌𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ]= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.000024 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝑚 𝑓𝑦 23.25 415

4 4
𝜌 = (0.000024) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 (controls)
3 3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.000032(1000)(124) = 3.497 𝑚𝑚2

Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018(400) 0.0018(400)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (𝑏𝑡) = (1000)(150) = 260.24𝑚𝑚2 (controls)
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜋
using 12 mm  bars: 𝐴𝑏 = (12)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
1000𝐴𝑏 1000(113.1)
required spacing: 𝑠 = = = 434.6𝑚𝑚, say 425mm
𝐴𝑠 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

I. Details

c. Top bars

d. Bottom bars