Illohor M.

1th 1st Paper : Chaptcr-01

~-- - -- - ---- ~ -
Hnih1,1tn·ml111t (Jm•1;1lo11

,ui.1 !\ I II l C is II i.i111\11lnr 111111ri\,

,i p,•11:1 111i11~' 1h~• vul111,111f ,I I· h ·I r . rAns: (a+ b + c) = OJ
1
111)~111\1' nw t~.y.z). IAns: (x,y, z) = (- 1, - 1. - 1)1

11~ 1,·1. jl Is 111\·ul

11u111lwl' n11d A.,. 1~ 1
;~ 2]
3 1 - 2.
1 5
If A. - U' - l) N' - 11A is II :lin~11l11r mn1rix th0n lkl~rn1i11c the value or 9(t fAns:3 J

11.\. I 1'1, A ., O l
I :\ ;i I
1) ; :i, h E I~ l'or 1111 Y n E ~ . An = 0
[1 ~1-0 2160]
96 lhi:n, n + n + b = whnt? IAns: 2-')
0 0 1 0 0 1
O O [1 0 ()]
I
t
1\.1. lfA ~ 0 1 1 : 1;.: 0 1 O;a11dA- 1 =l (Ai +cA+d l)whcrcc,derrn
0 - 2 •1 0 0 1 6 II\\

1lw11, snlw for (c, d). [Ans: (- 6, 1)]

1 X x2 1 1 1
\\\ GiVl'II 1h111, fl= ) y y2 ;61 = yz zx xy ; lhcn prove thnt, 6 + 6 1 = 0
1 7. 'l. 'I. X y 7.

All importnnt formuh,s togl•thcr •

~ l'ro1wr1ics of Mat rlx:

► (AB)T = 13T AT; where ordi:rs of mntriccs A and O arc (m x n) and (n x p) respectively.

► IA = Al = A

~ Product of matrix:
► A(l3 + C) =AB + AC, (B + C)A = BA+ CA
► Generally AB* BA ; [ Commutative law of multiplication is not applicable for matrici:s]

► A(BC) = (AB)C ; [In this case, the order of matrix three must obey the condition of matrix

mull ip Iicnt ion]

~ If AB is determinable then order of An matrix = number of rows of A matrix x number of columns l)f

ll'matrix
~ If (All)C is [Link],inablc then order o[ (AB)C matrix = number of rows or A matrix x number 0f

Columns of C matrix

Udvq,h- r,.,l,,Hli·m,c & At..lmt!-.!-.IOn C,uo 97 ~~,, ~mr f~,1 ~... ~

l:[Link] TcS<T Higher Math 1st Paper . Ch t
= Determinant:
n n
· ap er-01

► If A= [aiiJ l:Sl,)Sn
. . , IAI = .r aiiAii = .r aiiAii ; [Where AiJ·is the cofactor of a.. ]
J=l 1=1 IJ
► If matrices A and Bare of (n x n), IABI = IAIIBI.
► If p is a scalar, A is a square matrix of n x n order and IAl:tO,

(i) lpAI =p 0
A
1
(ii) l(pA) - 1 = P"~AI

(iii) l(pA- 1 )1 = p"

IAI
(iv) l(pA-1)-11 IAI = p"
= lm erse matrix:
1

► A- = a~~~>, IAI * o
1

► M - 1 = A- 1 A = J
► (Asr 1 = s- 1 A- 1 , where both A & Bare square matrices & IAI, IBI, IABI * 0.
► lfAX =B , X=A- 1 8

► If A = [~ ~] is exceptional, ad = be ~d if non-exceptional, Adj(A) = [!b ~c], A-1= ad~bJ!c ~bJ

► A = [~ ~ ~] then, A2= [~ i2
0 0 C O 0

= Cramer's Rule:
a11X1 + a12X2 + a13x3 + ··· + a1nXn = b1}
► In Cramer , s Ru Ie: a21X1 + a22X2 + a23X.3 + ··· + aznXn = b2
anl X1 + an2X2 + an3X3 + ... + annXn = bn
In case of system of equations having n variables, x1 , x2 , X3 . ... ,, x0 ,
x1 X2 X3 _ _ X0 _ 1
Dx 1 - Dx 2 - DX3 - • •• Dx
0
D
a11 a12 a13 a1n
a21 a22 a23 a20
where, D = a31 a32 a33 a30 = ![aii]1:si,j:snl'

a12 a13
a22 a23
a32 a33

bn an2 an3
au a12 a13
a21 a22 a23
Dxn = a31 a32 a33

Udvash Academic & Admission Care 98

 Higher Math 1st Paper: Chapter-OJ

Brni11st11n11i11~ (J11l·st ion

b;::,, 0, The di st nnce between (1, 1) and the intersecting point of the lines ax+ by+ C = Oand
;>
,ra
:I· bX +ay + c = 0 is less th an [Link].. Express the relationship between a, band c [using inequality]

(Ans: a+ b - c > OJ
1)1:tcrinine the locus of the mid point of drawn perpendiculars from the ray x = 2y on the ray x = Y·
,,
,· (Ans: Sx - 7y = OJ
· the area Of the parallelogram drawn 2
by the straight lines ax± by± c = 0. 2,
petenntne (Ans: 7b"J
~l.
fbe point P divides the lines joining the points (1, 0) and (2 cos 0, 2 sin 0) in the ratio 2: 3 internally.
~- (For all values of0) determine and identify the locus of the point P. [Ans: (Sx - 3) 2 + (5y) 2 = 16J
Amovable straight line passes through the point P. If the algebraic summation of perpendiculars drawn
!l, ( )
from the line on 0, 2 and (1, 1) is 0, determine the coordinate of point P. fAns: P(1, 1)1
-4) intersects with straight line x + 3y + 2 = 0, 2x + y +
~- Astraight line passing through the point A(-5, 2 2 2
4:: O, and itself at point B, C and D. If (~) + (~) = (~) then determine the equation of the
AB AC AD '
straight line. [Ans: 2x + 3y + 22 = OJ
1
ij, The straight line 2x + 3y = 12 intersects x-axis at A and y-axis at B. Another line passing through (5, 5)
and perpendicular to AB intersects x-axis, y-axis and AB- intersects at C, D and E. If O is the origin, then
23
determine the area of OCEB. (Ans: sq. unit!
3
08. The intercepts of the straight-line L with the axes are a and [Link] the origin unchanged, if the axis are
rotated with an a, the intercepts becomes P and q. Determine the relationship between a, band p, q.
1 1 1 1
(Ans: 2p + 2q = 2a + bzl

All important formulas together

: Related to Polar and Cartesian Co-ordinates:
If a point has Cartesian co-ordinate (x, y) and polar co-ordinate (r, 0) then,
(i) y = r sine, x = r cos0
(ii) r = ✓x2 + y2, a = tan- 1 ~; [Here, some conditions apply. 0 = tan- 1 ; ; If the point is in the first or
the fourth quadrant. If the point is in the second or third quadrant, then 0 = TI - tan- 1;]

~ Related to distance between two points:

(i) Distance of point P(x, y) from x-axis = IYI and from y-axis = lxl
Distance between two Cartesian points,
Formula of distance between two points: PQ = ✓Cx1 - x2) 2 + (y1 -y2) 2 unit. Here, PQ indicates the
distance between straight line joining p and Q. As it is a length, so the value of PQ is always positive.
Distance between two polar co-ordinates: If two polar co-ordinates are P(r1, 01) and Q(r2, 02) then,
PQ ==.fr~+ r~ - 2r1r 2 cos(02~81)

~ <ldvosh Ac,1c.lem1c & AL111uss1011 C ire 193

i ~ TF-~T m !________
'/IL.
• t• P• a•p•e•r ..,:
_i_g_h_e r_ M_a_th- 1s
H :Cha
~
~
Related to area:
(i) If the point R(x,y) internally divides the line connecting the points P(x1,Y1) & Q(x2,Y2) in the l'alio Ill .
R =(m1x2+ m2X1 , m1Y2+m2Y1), m1 = X1 -X = Yi-; 1·111 ,
2
m 1+m 2 m 1+m2 m2 x-x2 y-y
. .
If d1v1des
(m1x2 -m2x1 m1Y2-m2Y1) m1 _ ~
externally, R = --=---=------=-.:.,---=-=------=-'- , -m2 - x2-x =~
y -y
m -m 1 2 m -m
1 2 2
. (x1 +x2 Y1 +yz)
(ii) Middle point of the line connecting the points P(x 1 ,Y1) & Q(x3,y3) is: - 2- , - 2-
(iii) Co-ordinate of the point internally dividing the line connecting the points P(x1,Y1) & Q(x2,Y2) in th .
e ratio
fk ·) .. (kx2+x1 ky2+Y1)
O . IS. k+l ' k+l

= Related to area:
(i) Area of polygon: Let's determine the area of ABCDE.
Area of polygon ABCDE
= !{(X1Y2
2
+ X2Y3 + X3y4 + x4ys + X5yi) - (y1x2 + Y2X3 + y3X4 + y4X5 + YsX1)} square unit
1
(ii) If three points are A(x1, y1 ,), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3), then area of ~ABC= 2 [x1 (y2 - YJ) + x2 (y3-y 1) +
X3(y1 - y2)] square unit
= Co-ordinates of points of triangle or parallelogram:
(i) If midpoints of side BC, CA and AB of~ ABC are respectively D (x,, Y1), E(x2, y2),F(x3, YJ ), then
A= ( XJ + x2 - x1, YJ + y2-y1)
B =(x1 + X3 - x2, Y1 + YJ - y2)
C = (x1 + Xi - X3, y, + Y2- YJ)

(ii) If a paraJJelogram bas three vertices A, B and C with co-

ordinates respectively (x1, y1) (x2, y2), (x3, y3), then the 4th
vertex is: D = (x1 + X3- x2, Yt + YJ - y2)
= Co-ordinates or different points in a triangle:
A(x1 , Y1)
Centro1·d (xi +x2+X3 , Y1 +y2+Y3)

1ncenter (
3
b
a+ +c
3
ax 1 +bx2+cx3 ay1 +byz+cy3)
, b
a+ +c Ll a
C(x3, y3)
C

B(x2, Y2)
= Equation of different type of stnight lines:
(i) Straight line parallel to y-axis: A straight line is parallel to y-axis and intercept at x-axis is a, then its
equation is: x = a
(ii) Straight line parallel to x-axis: A straight line is parallel to x-axis and intercept at y-axis is b, then its
equation is: y = b
(iii) Slope-origin straight line: A straight line passes through origin and bas a slope of m, then its equation
isy = mx.
(iv) Slope-intercept straight line: A straight line has a slope of m and intercept at y-axis is c, then its
equation is y = mx + c.
(v) Slope-point straight line: A straight line has a slope of m and it passes through point (x 1, y1), then its
equation is y- y 1 = m(x - x1 )
(,i) Double-intersecting straight line: If a straight line bas intercept of a and b respectively from x-axis
and y-axis, then its equation is~ + r = 1
a b

194
 l
TE~T Higher Math 1st Paper : Chapter-03 -

Equation of double-point straight line: If A and B has co-ordinates of (x 1,y1 ) and (xz,Yz), then
equation of straight line AB is y-y1 = x-xi
Yi-Y2 X1-X2

(viii) Perpendicular-angle straight line: lf a straight line has perpendicular of length 'p' from the origin
and this perpendicular has an angle a. with the positive side ofx-axis, then the equation of this straight
line is xcosa + ysina = p
(ix) Condition for both a1 x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2y + c2 = Oto be equation of same straight line:
a1 b1 c1
a2 =b2 =~
(x) Equation of straight line passing through intersection of two lines a 1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
and a 2x + b 2 y + c2 = 0
a1x + h1Y + c1 + k (a 2 x +b 2y + c2) = 0 where, k E IR,k :t 0
(xi) If the lines y = m1x + Ci, y = m2x + c2 are parallel, m1 = m2 and ifa1x + b1 y + c1 = 0, azx +
bzy + c2 = 0 are parallel then, ai = bb1.z
a2
(xii) ax+ by+ c = 0, equation of a line parallel to this line is ax + by+ k = 0; where k is a constant
(xiii) ax + by+ c = 0, equation of a line parallel to this line and passing through (a, P) ax + by = aa + bp.
(xiv) If the lines y = m1 x + Ci, y = m2 x + c2 are perpendicular then, m1 m2 = -1 and if the lines a 1x +
b1Y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 are perpendicular, a1a 2 + b1b 2 = 0.
(xv) ax+ by+ c = 0 equation of a line perpendicular to this line is bx - ay + k = 0; where k is a
constant.
(xvi) ax+ by+ c = 0 equation ofa line perpendicular to this line and passing through (a, P), bx - ay =
ba- ap.

~ Internal angle, perpendicular line, parallel line:

(i) Internal angle between two straight lines: 0 = + tan- 1 tanB1-tan82
- l+tan8 1 tan82
= + tan-1 m1-m2
- l+m1m 2
To determine angles generally we will use '+' sign and in case of two conditions or detennination of
two conditions or lines, we will use '±' sign.
y

0 B

(ii) If two lines are perpendicular on each other then,

m1 x m2 = - 1 YC B

If two lines are parallel then, m1 = m2 Q r\ ~(o X

... 01 = 02 ~
(iii) Equation of straight line passing through point A (x1 , y1) and parallel to straight line
ax + by + c = 0 is, a (x - x1 ) + b(y- y 1) = 0
(iv) If a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0, azx + b2Y+ Cz = 0 and a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 passes through same point then,
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 C3
(v) Equation of straight line passing through point A (xi, y1 ) and perpendicular to straight line
ax+ by+ c = 0 is b ( x - x1 ) - a (y - Y1) = 0

Udvash Academic & Adn1;;s10n Care:

it/ 195
~TSXT Higher Math 1st Paper: Ch
~~•-------- ------...., _,:;;,;,,::!apter-03
(vi) Equution of straight line perpendicular on line ax + by+ c = 0 is bx - ay + k ::: O.
Value of k can be found from another condition.
(vii) Equation of straight line para lid to line ax + by+ c = 0 is ax+ by+ k == 0.
'") X-X1 _ y-yl _ ±r
(
VIII cos8 - sln8 -
Co-ordinates of a point B which is at a distance of r from A making an angle 8.
AB= r,LCAB = 8
· e y-yl
AC = X - X1 = r cos 8 => -
X- X1
= r ; BC = y - Y1 = r sm => -:--8 = r
Y·y,
COS 8 Sin • --..,

:. x-xi = Y-Yi = r [ Two pairs of values sin 8, cos 0 are possible]

cos8 sln8

x-x,
Distance, bisector and point with respect to angle:
(i) Perpendicular distance: Perpendicular distance from point P (x1, y1) to ax+ by+ c = O
. d _ lax1+by1+cl .
IS - va2+b2 um1
P(X1Y1)

A_LBax+by+c=O
ax+by+c,=O 8
(ii) Distance between parallel lines: A.---.---'----
c _ ___,..,.-,----,;--D
ax+by~=O
. . lc1 -c2I
If AB II CD, then distance between them
(iii) Bisector of angles:
1s d = va2 +b 2

Equations of bisectors of angles between two straight lines AB

X a x + b y+ c = o
1 1 1

a x+b y+c + a x+b y+c2

and CD are: 1 1 1 = _ 2 2 3
Jaf +bf Ja~+b~ 2X + b2Y + C2 = 0

(iv) If ( a1a2 + b1b2) > 0, to find bisector of obtuse angle, use ( +ve) sign
to find bisector of acute angle, use (-ve) sign
(v) If (a1a 2 + b1b2 ) < 0, to find bisector of acute angle, use ( +ve) sign
to find bisector of obtuse angle, use (-ve) sign
(vi) If (a 1a2 + b1b2 ) = 0, then the straight lines are perpendicular.
If c1 and c2 are of same signs ( + + or - - ), then to find bisector of angle containing origin, we need
to take ( +ve) sign, and if c1 and c2 are of opposite signs ( + - or - +),then to find bisector of angle
containing origin, we need to take (-ve) sign.
(vii) Where is the point (x,, y,)?
If (a1x1 + b1Y1 + C1) (a2x1 + b2Y1 + C2) (a1a2 + b1b2) > 0, then the point is within obtuse angle.
If(a1x1 + b1Y1 + C1) (a2x1 + b2Y1 + C2) (a1a2 + b1b2) < 0, then the point is within acute angle.
:, Image of point with respect to point, straight line and axes:
(i) If image of point A (x1,y1) with respect to point P (x 2,y2) is A'(x~,yi) then PA = PA',
Xt +X~
that means,-2
/
- = x 2 ⇒ x1 = 2x 2 - x1 and--
2
YJ +y~
= y2 ⇒ y1/ = 2y2 - y1
A(x1 'Y1)

196
 TF-~T
··) Jrnage of ax+ by+ c = 0 with re~pcct to y-axis is - ax+ by+ c
(II
Higher Math 1st Paper : Chapter-03

=0
I
:::> ax- by- c = 0.
Jrnagc of ax+ by+ c = 0 with rc!>pect to x-axis is ax - by+ c = 0
In case ofy = mx + c with respect to y-axis, y = - mx + c
With respect to x-axis y = - mx - c
y =-mx+c,
Symmetric image LO y axis

y = mx+c,

y =-mx-c, Symmetric image to x axis

=SbOrtcut:
(i) lfthe image of (a,~) with respect to line ax+ by+ c = o is (x, y),
- - 2a(aa+bJ3+c) . - n. 2b(aa+bJ3+c)
then ' x - a 3 2+b2 , Y - ..., - ---=---
a2+b2
(ii) Image of g(x, y) = a1x + h1Y + C1 = 0 with respect to f(x, y) =ax+ by+ c = 0, will be
(az +b 2
)g(x,y) - 2(aa 1 + bb1)f(x,y) =0
lm1wrtant Practice Problem
[ MCQ) 05 . If the distance of the point (4, a) from x-axis and
point (3, 2) from are equal then the value of a
o.I Which one is below the ca,tes ian co-ordi nates of
(1, 150°)? will be - {CU'02-03, 09-10, 12-13, 13- 141
(08'22)
(a)~ (b)~ (c)¾ (d);
(a)(~.½) (b)(-~.½) 06. A point in the triangle ABC is A(8, 2) and
(c)(~,-½) (d)(-~,-½) midpoint of the side BC is 0(5 , 2) then what is tbe
02. What is the polar co-ordinates of the point (- 1, -1)? co-ordinate of centroid of the triangle?

!RB, BB, JB, CB'22; DB, RB, Ctg.B, SB, JB, (RU' J9-20I
(a)(9,3) (b) (3 , 9)
Dln.8'21; RB, 88'19; All8'18, SB, CB, Dln.8'171
(c) (2, 6) (<l) (6, 2)
{a) ( .fi., -45°) (b) ( ../2, 45°)
07. The area bounded by the lines y 2 and y = !xi=
(c) (.fi., 135°) (d) (../2, 225°) is- (DU'l8-19l
03. In which ratio docs the y-axis internally divides (a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units
the connecting lines of the points (-3, - 4) a nd (c) 6 sq. units (d) 8 sq. units
(6,2)? IMB'22J 08. What is the area of the triangle formed by the line
(a) 2: 1 (b) 1: 2 (c) 2: 3 (<l) 3: 2 x+ y- 4 = 0 with the axes in sq. units? [.Jll'22I
04. If the polar co-ordinates of two points arc (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (<l) 32
09. A(2,S), B(S,9) and 0(6,8) are three vertices of a
(2v'3, 90°) and (2../5, 180°), what is the
rhombus ABCD, then the co-ordinates of C is-
distance between these two points? !SUST' J9-20J
{l) U' 17- J8, KU' 14- 151
(a) 4\11 (b) 4../2 (c) 4{5 (a) (12,9) (b) (9, 12 )

• (d) 2,/J (c} 0 (c)(1 2,7) ( <l) (9,7)

~ f.(~4 ~••• )111111 l

r~ Odvaih A1 ,1111 •11111 x. /\<11111 ·,•,1011 <:.n•~f/II . 197 9ff1t~
 -9Jidlt1le1 TID<T [Link] 1st Paper. Cha
· Pter-04
\

Brainstormin~ Question
01 · Three circles touch each other externally and have a common. tangent. If the. radius of •rrcatcr .· 1 ,~
circc .
. o 4
and that of the medium circle is 2, then what will be the radius of smaller circle?
. . .IHUE1~20-21J !Ans: 12 _ 8Y2l
o2. Let, zx2 + y2 = 3xy are equations of two tangents of a circle. rf the radius of circle is 3, what will be the
length of tangent from the origin? [IIT-2001,SMJ IAns: 3vtO + 9 unit, 3./R - 9 u
. . . . I A B C nit]
03. If an equilateral triangle has sides 'a' and four points on its mcirc e - , , , D arc such that ADCD is a
2
square. What will be area of the square? IIIT- 1994, 2MJ [Ans: : ~q. unit!
04. Given that, (x - 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 is a circle. Determine the equation of locus of midpoint of chords of the
circle passing through the origin. [IJT-1988, 2~1 !Ans: x 2 + y2 _ x = 01
05.

Given that, the radii of circles with centre 0 1 and 0 2 are respectively 2 and 4 unit. The circles touch each
other externally at point S. The tangent passing through S intersects a common tangent of two circles at
point M. What will be the area of 601 M02? [Ans: 6..fi. sq. unit!

All important formulae in a body

♦ Necessary Formulas (I):
2 2 2
(i) If the centre of a circle is (0, 0) and has radius r, equation of the circle: x + y = r
2 2
(ii) If centre is (h, k) and radius r, (x - h) 2 + (y - k) .= r
(iii) General equation of circle: x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Here, centre ( -g, -f), and radius r =
Jg 2 + f 2 - C unit.

► Intercept on x-axis= 2Jg 2 - c ► Intercept on y-axis = 2.../f 2 - c

2
(iv) If g = 0, the centre of circle will be on y-axis and its equation, x + y + 2fy + c = 0
2

2
(v) If f = 0, the centre of circle will be on x - axis and its equation, x + y + 2gx + c = 0
2

2
(vi) If the circle touches x-axis, c = g2 and if it touches y-axis, c = f .
(vii) If the circle touches both x & y axis, then g2 = f 2 = c.
(viii) If the circle touches x-axis at the origin, the centre lies on y-axis so, c = g 2 = 0; and h = 0, r = k and if
the circle touches y-axis at the origin, the centre lies on x-axis so, c = f 2 = 0 and k = 0, r = h.
(ix) If the circle touches x-axis at the origin, the equation: x 2 + y 2 + 2fy = 0
(x) If the circle touches y-axis at the origin, the equation: x 2 + y 2 + 2gx = 0
2 2
(xi) If any circle passes through the origin, then c = Oand the equation will be, x + y + 2gx + Zfy == O
(xii) If the circle touches both axes: (a) g2 = f 2 = C (b)g = ±f or, f = ±g and r = lgl = 1n
the equation will be: x2 + y 2 ± 2fx ± 2fy + c = 0
·")
(xm Equat10n· of circle
· · polar coordinates: r 2 + 2r(g cos0 + f sin0) + c = 0 where, po Iarcoordioate of
m
that point in circle is (r, 0); centre ( Jgz + f2, tan-1 D, radius = /g 2 + f 2 - c unit.

- [u) Odvash Academic & Admission Care 110 "19'4<$~1' ~ ~ ffllPIT...

p
-=~-...--~-~-r"':!.'-!r~~~~~-7-,
liiu1a1c11c1 !__________________
raD<T / LL [Link] 1st Paper: Chapter-o4
f_-1-l •
~ Neces!iary Formulas (II):
• (i) The equation of circle connecting two end points (x 1 , y1) and (x 2 , y 2) of diameter:
(x - x1 )_(x - x2) + (y-y1)(y-y2) = 0
(ii) lf the radius of circles with centres C1 and C2 are r 1 and r 2: (r 1 > r 2)
(a) Io case of internal touch, C1 C2 = r1~r2 (b) lo case of external touch C1 C2 = r 1 + r2
(iii) Equation of circle passing through the intersection point of another circle and a straight line: (Given
equation of circle) + k (Equation of straight line) = 0; k is an arbitrary constant.
(iv) The equation of circle passing through the intersection point of two circles: First circle + k (Second
circle) = 0 [Here, k is an arbitrary constant]
• Necessary Formulas (Tangent and Normal) (Ill):
(i) The condition for the straight line y = mx + c to touch the circle x2 + y 2 = a 2: c = ±a✓1 + m 2
I
(ii) Point of contact will be ( .~2 _a-) · Here we have to note that, m = slope of tangent, c =
vl+m ' ✓1+m '2 '
constant
When the coefficient of y is + 1 and lies on opposite sides, a= radius of circle
(iii) Equation of tangent: y = mx + a✓ 1 + m2; y = mx - a✓ 1 + m 2
(iv) The condition for touching straight line .fx + my + n = Oand circle x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 :
(.fg + mf - n) 2 = (.f2 + m2) (g 2 + f 2 - c)
(v) The tangent at point (x1 , y1) lying on the circle x2 + y2 = a2: xx1 + yy1 = a 2.
(vi) The tangent at point (x1 ,y1) lying on the circle x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
XX1 + YY1 + 2g e+2x1 ) + 2f(y+;iy+ c = o

[N.B: In any quadratic equation (circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola etc,) if x2 is replaced by xx1 ,y 2 is
replaced by YY1 , X is replaced by e:xl) and y is replaced by (y+;i ) , we can get the equation of tangent
passing through (x1 , Y1)-]
(vii) Equation of circle with centre (b, k) and passing through the point (x1 , y 1),
(x - x1)(x1 - h) + (y - y1)(y1 - k) = 0
(viii) (a) Equation of normal at point (xi, y1) in circle x2 + y 2 = r 2 , x1y - y1x = 0
2
(b) In case of the circle x + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, equation of normal at point (x1, y 1)
(y1 + f)x - · (x 1 + g)y + gy1 - fx1 = 0
[N.B: (i) The equation of normal is also applicable for parabola, ellipse and hyperbola (ii) The normal of a
circle passes through the centre]
2 2
(ix) The equation of tangent of circle x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 drawn from an external point (x 1 , y1 ):
(x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c)(xf + Yi + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c) = {xx1 + YY1 + g(x + X1) + f(y + y1) + c}2
(x) If the straight line .fx +my+ n = 0 touches the circle (x- h)2 + (y- k) 2 = r 2, lt=nl = r, if
in lih+mk+nl < r
tersects, ✓12 +m 2
(xi) = =
lf S1 x2 + y 2 + 2g 1x + 2f1y + c1 = 0 and S2 x2 + Y2 + 2g 2x + 2f2y + c2 = 0,
equation of common chord, S1 - S2 = 0 or, 2(g1 - gz)X + 2(f1 - f2)Y + (c1 - c2) = 0
(xii) The equation of chord of circle x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 whose midpoint is at the point (x1 ,y 1) ,
xx 1 + yy1 + g(x + x1 ) + f(y + y1 ) + c = Xi + Yi + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
II~ Udvash Academic & Admission Care /I/ 111
 J:IJldic?tlc?t T&:D<T [Link] 1st Paper: Chapter-0
4
(xiii) Length of tangent drawn from the point (x1 ,Y1) to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c:: is_
0
Jx2 + y 2 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c unit. Length of tangent from point (x 1,y1) to circle xz + 2 -
1
Jxi
is 1= - - + yf
-~
- a 2 unit. Length of tangent from origin (0, 0) is = P Y=~
vconstant [If the constant is negative then the point lies inside the circle] ~
(xiv) Equation of the tangent drawn from the point (x1 , y1 ) to the circle x 2 +y 2 + ~ x J, Yi)
2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is, xx 1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + Y1) + c = 0. Q

Important Practicl' Problem

09. What will be the coordinate of point of contact?
( MCQ ]
[RB' 19!
0 l. What will be the length of intercept on y-axis by (a) (0, 2) (b) (O, -2)
the circle x 2 + y 2 - !Ox - 12y + 20 = O? (c) ( 3 - ../s, 0) (d) ( 3 ± v'S, 0)
IBB'22f Answer the next two questions according to
(a) 2../s (b) 6../s (c) 8 (d) 4ili the stem below:
02. What will be the length of tangent drawn from x 2 + y 2 + 6x - 2y - 10 = 0 is the equation ofa
(3, 1) to the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 18? circle.
{RB, SB, B8'22; Din.B'19; RB'l7] 10. What is the radius of circle? (Din.8' 19I
(a) 1 (b) ./2 (c) .../f9 (d) ../38 (a) S./2 (b) ../30 (c) 2../s (d) fil
03. Which one is the centre of circle 2x + 2y 2 +
2
11 . What will be the equation of tangent at point
4x - 2y + 4 = O? [CB'22; CB'l9] (1, -1) on the circle? [Din.8'19I
ca>(-1, D Cb>(1.-D (a) 2x - y - 4 = 0 (b) 2x -y- 3 = 0
(c)x-3=0 (d)x-4=0
(c)(-2,1) (d)(2,-½) 12. What is the equation of tangent parallel toy-
04. For what condition, the equation ax 2 + by 2 = axis? (RB'l 7I
c represents a circle? [CB'22) (a)y-6=0 (b)y+6=0
2
(a)c=O (b)c=r (c) x - 6 = 0 (d) x + 6 = 0
(c)a:;cb (d)~=l,b:;cO 13. Equation of diameter of circle x2 + y 2 - 12x +
05. The polar equation r - 4 = 0 represents- 4y +. 6 = 0- 188'171
[MB'22] (a) X + y = Q (b) X = Y
(a) Parabola (b) Circle (c)x+3y=O (d)3x+2y=O
(c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola 14. (i) The centre of circle x + y 2 = a 2 lies at the
2

06. The equation of tangent of circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - origin. [Din.8'17I

6y - 7 = 0 at point (-2,1) - [MB'221 (ii) x 2 + 2y 2 = 4 is the equation of a circle
(a) x + 2y + 3 = 0 (b) 2x -y + 3 = 0 (iii) The circle (x + 3) 2 + (y - 2) 2 = 9 touches Y·
(c) x - 2y + 3 = 0 (d) 2x + y + 3 = 0 axis.
07. If the circles x 2 + y 2 = 9 and x 2 + y 2 + 6x + Which one below is correct? .. ...
· · · (b) · .. · ii iii 111
By + c = 0 touches each other externally, then ( a) t, II I, 111 (c) , (d) i, II,

what will be the value of c? (DB'22j 15. If a circle with area 154 sq. unit has diameters_
(a) -39 (b) -21 (c) 39 (d) 21 2x - 3y = S and 3x - 4y = 7, then the equauonl
, hU[T'08-09
Answer the next two questions according to of circle will be - IRUET IO-l I•
the stem below: (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y = 62
The circle x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 4y + c = 0 touches y- (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y = 4 7
axis. (c) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y = 47
08. What will be the value of c? {RB' 191 (d) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y = 62
(a) -2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9 (e) None

[ii) UdVQSh Academic & Admission Care 112

p
Higher Math 1st Pa~r : Chapter--07 .
•
Hrain1t1or111i11~ f}Ul'tilion

01 . Slllvc : si n x - 3 sin 2x + <,In 3x = cr,s x - 3 W'i 2x + cos :h fAn,: x - ~"" !, ' n ~ ZI

.
l

02. 111 1hc ,a,c of ms p0 + cos q0 = 0, p > 0, q > () -what i, the m1n,murn i:,,mm,,n difttr!.-nu: 1,f •; !:
l11
,olutw11s (11' 0 if the solutions arc in an arithmetic progre.,..,i,,n'! l~n,: - I
11•41
.,. 1fsi n O = 3 s in(0 + 2u) then, t.a n(0 + u) + 2 ta n u ='?
()' IAa,: II'
U4. In the range I0, 2n I. how many various solutions of~ cc,s 2x + cos x + s in Y. + cos'· 1/. + sin" x = 2 a;,:
2 4 1
4

there? IAH: ,i 1

os. ,n
1
Which value of n satisfies the equation -2.__(" = -:---( + -:---(\"? [ where n is a J)O'iiti vc mteg~ and n
7)
> .3}
sin ;;) srn 7J sin

JA01; n =7J
06. If A+ B + C = 180° then, determine the value of (tan A + tan B + tan C) llSing incquali,f.
!A n~: tanA T tanB T tanC? 3·,31
07. /1. balloon is being observed from three points A, 8 , and Con a road. The angular height of ti:_e bal!or,n aJ.
points B and C is twice and three times the angular height at poi nt A, respectively. If AB = 200m ar.<!
IJC= I 00m, then what is the height of the balloon? fAns: 1 00- '3 mJ

08. In the range ( - ~, Dhow many values of 0 [0 * n;] satisfies both tan 8 = cot 50 and sin 20 = cos 4&?
[where, n = 0, ±1, ±2] IAn:s: 31

All Important formula in a Bod~·

01. sin(-0) =- sin 0 ; cos(-0) = cos 8 ; tan(-8) = - tan 8

02 .
n =4k + O n = 41< + 1 n = 41< + 2 n = 4k ~ 3
n,k E 7l 1st Quadrant 2 nd Quadrant 3rd Quadrant 4 th Quadrant

cos0 -sin0 -cos0

sin(n i +e) sin 0
-sin 0 -cos0 sin8
cos(n i +e) cos 0
-cote tan 0 -cotS
tan (n i + 0) tan0

03 . sin(A ± 8) =sin A cos 8 ± cosA sin 8

04. cos(A ± 8) = cos A cos8 + sin A sin 8
tanA±tanB
OS. tan(A ± 8 ) = 1H [Link] B

~
From additive form to multiplicative form (Transformation Method):

06. sinA + sin8 = 2 sin~ (A+ 8) cos~ (A - 8 )

sinA - sinB = 2 cos~ (A+ 8 ) sin~ (A - 8 )

07. cosA + cos8= 2 cos~(A + 8 ) cos~ (A- B)

cosA- cosB = 2 sin¼CA + 8 ) sin~( 8 -A)
------------"".911::;Rl~◄;ti,;.,f~i,<;!l~ICY;;~;~~;.;51'";;::...j
135
Odvosh Academic & Adrnrssron Care
 Higher Math 1st Paper: C

f,'rout muIllI)ll('fi
'tlv"~· form to ntldiilve fornt:

ox. i
sin Acos U =- {sl11(A + 0) + sln(A - U)}

cos Asin D-= i{sln(A + B) - sln(A - 8)}

09. cos Acos B = i{cos(A - D) + cos(A + B)}

sin Asin B = ~ {cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)}

2

:> Double-Angle Formula:

2 tan A
10. sln2A = 2slnAcosA = l +tonZA
• 2 1-tan 2 A
11. cos 2A = cos2 A- sln2 A = 2 cos2 A - 1 = 1 - 2 sm A = 1+tan2 A

2 tan A
12. tan2A=~

:> Triple-Angle Formula:

13. sin 3A = 3 sin A- 4 sin3 A~ sin 3 A=!4 (3. sin A- sin 3A)
1
14. cos 3A = 4cos 3 A- 3cosA ~ cos3 A = 4(3 cos A + cos 3A)
3
15. tan 3A = 3tanA-tan A
_
1 3
tan2 A ~ tan 3 A = 3tanA + (3 tan 2 A - 1) tan 3A
I

Properties of triangle:
Here, in the .1ABC the opposite sides of the triangles A, B, C are a, b, c respectively and h3 , hb, h, are

respectively the heights on the sides a, b, c. Half of the perimeter, s = a+:+c, the radius of the circumcircle
(circumradius) is R, the radius of the inscribed is (ini-adius) r.
16. A+ B + C = 1t

17. sine law: - 3- = _b_ = _c_ = ZR

slnA sinB sinA
. b2+c2-a2 c2+az-b2 az+b2-c2
18. cosme law: cos A = - - - ; cos B = - - - ; cosC = - - -
2bc 2ca 2ab

19. a= bcosC + ccosB

b = c cos A + a cos C
c = a cosB + b cos A

20 . .1 =!aha=
2
.!bhb
2
= .!ch
2 C
~
1 B~a c
.1 = -2 ab sin C = !2 be sin A = .!2 ca sin B
abc r~--:--:-----
.1 = 4R = sr = ✓s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

Udvash Ac;acJer111c; & AcJrn1ss1un Cirl: 136

 ,
=..-:.-:.~-;.~(i=~.=:: ~:;.:--fl/_______ H_.M
_ at_h_1_s_t _P_a_p_
e r_ :_c_h_a_p_t_
e r_-0
_9_ •~---llllitj

mporta nt Formul ae in a Body

(_j(Jlit:
• . ~ == hm f(x) [where, lim (y) =f:. 0] (ii) lim(c) =c [c is a constant)
( i) h!TI ft.Y) hm f(y)
... . (ex) == c lim(x) [c is a constant] · )t·lffi -
( IV s in-
x =l
(tll) 1l!TI x-0 X

.
1v) I1m0 s1nx
2..-- == 1 ( VI·) t·tm--
tanx =l
x- X--+0 X

(\ ii) ~i~ ta: X ::: l (viii) lim cos x

X--+0
=1
1 x"-a"
(ix) ~i~ ~ =1 (x) lim - - = na 1
0
-
x-a x-a
ln(l+x) l
(xi)lim- ;-=
x..... o
(xii) lim
X-HlO
(1 + m)x = em
X
1

(xiii) Jim (1 + x)x

x-o
=e
(xiv) lim 1 + -
x-+ex>
( 1)" = e [Given
. that, hm
X
.
X-+O
(1 + x)x!. = lim
X-+CX>
(1 + -Xl)x = e]
e)l - 1
=1 .) . sin- 1
(xv) lim -
x➔O X ( XVI 1lffi - -x = 1
X--,Q X
(xvii) lim
X_.0
~=1
SIO 1X (xviii) lim si n x = lim x
X-->0 X-->0
. tan- 1 x . x
(xix) hm - - = hm -
x .....Q
...- 1 = 1 (xx) lim f(x+htf(x ) = dd {f(x))
X X➔O tan X h--+O x
(xxi) lim
X--+<X>
(1 + m)nx = emn X ([Link]) lim(l + mx)x
n
= emn
x-->O

♦ L' Hopital's Rule:

If an indetermi nate form of the fraction lim f(x)
x--+a g(x)
= g(a)
f(a) comes, then differenti ation has to be done

successively in both numerato r and denomina tor until any real value is found. That is, lim
f(x)
x-->a g(x)
=
. -
l1m - = 1·1m -
f' (a) f'(a) [ d.1tton
. app 1·1es]
x-+a g' (a)
- = ··· ·· · ··· ···con
x--+a g" ( a)
Explanation: L' Hospital is for mathemat ically sick (indeterm inate) expressio n. It is useful for entirely
sick
patient with same illness {That is, ~ & ~) and same doctor (Different iation) has to do the operation
0 CX) . The
operation will continue until the illness sustains (in the form of% & ~)- This operation is not
for other
1
patients (±oo, - , oo, 0 etc) or healthy expressio ns (real). If needed, after bringing to the form of 0 ex>
0 -0 or -cx,'
L'Hopital will have to be applied.

• Differentiation:
(i) ~ (xn) = nxn-1 (ii)~ (sin nx) = n cos nx
dx dx
(iii) :/cos x) = -sin x (iv)~ (tan x)
dx
= sec 2 x
d
(v) d.x (cot x) = -cosec 2 x (vi)~ (sec x)
dx
= sec x. tan x
(viii) :x (ex) = e"
") d
( vu
dx (cosec x) = -cosec x. cot x
d .
(ix) -d (ln x)
X
=~ X
(x) ~ (a") = a" In a
dx

lli) UdvGsh Academic & Admission Care 191

11Jldtc.9ie1 T~T [Link] 1st Papor . C
~
1
- - - - - - -- - - _ ; ~ ~ - ~hapter~3
(xi)~ (log x) = - -
dx J xlna

.
•,1)
\
d
-dx (uv)
dv
= u-d
X
dn
+ v-ct X
..
(x11) -
d
-
(u) = i'!-u•!!d:;:
r111
dx v vl
... ) dy _ dy dz
p.t1t dx - di. . dx (xiv)~ (sin- 1 x) =-.:_
dx ✓1 -x2
'
(x,·) ~ (cos- 1 x) = - ~ (xvi) dd (tan- 1 x) = -2_
dx v 1-x· X J+ xl
.. ) d (
( \.\"11 -d cot
X
- l )
X =- -1
l+X2
(xviii) dd (sec- 1 x) = --,2._
X -,..fx2_·l
. ) d (
t:-..1:,.._ -d
X
cosec -1 x) =- ✓
I
X X' -1
• (xx) f' (x) = dy = Lt f(x+h)-rCxJ
dx h -10 h -

. d
(:-..x1)-(u±v)= -± -
dx
du
dx
dv
dx (xxii) :, (uvw) = uvw /~•I+~+ ~l
♦ nth derh ati\ e:
(i} lfy = x", then, Yn = n!
tii) lfy = eax+b, then, Yn = a eax+b 11

(iii) Ify = aX, then., Yn = ax(ln.a)"

(iv) If y = sin(ax + b) ,then, Yn = a11 sin [112 11

+ax+ b]

(,·) Ify = cos(ax + b) , then, Yn = a" cos [112 11

+ ax+ b]

= ln(x), then, Yn • = (- l ) n-l(n-1)

1
(, i) lfy n ·
X

(,ii) If y = e xT(bx + c), then, Yn = (a 2 + b2 )i e xT (bx+ c + n tan-

3 3 1
~) (Where, T = sin or cos)

♦ Tangent and Normal:

(i} :\t point (x 1 ,y 1 ), equation of tangent: y-y1 = f'(x 1)(x - x1 )
(ii) At point (x 1 ,y1 ), equation of nonnal: x - x1 + f'(x 1 )(y-y1 ) = 0

♦ Determination of Inflection Point:

lff"(c) = 0, at point x = c, concavity off (x) function will change if,
(i) For transfonnation from Concave up to Concave down, f"' (x) < 0.
(ii) For trJnsfom1ation from Concave down to Concave up, f"' (x) > 0.

♦ Determination of [Link] and minimum value of function:

!fat point x = c, mi,imwn and minimum value of function f(x) will exi:.t if, f'(c) = 0
(i) If f"(c) < 0, at point x = c, value of f(x) , that is, f (c) will be maximum.
(ii) lff"(c) > 0, at point x = c, value off (x), that is, f (c) will be minimum.

-~=- -----------.
OctvcrsJt c,.-.
.J- Academic & Admission 192
 [Link] 1st Papor ·. Ch aptor-10
:q'Jf dlc91c9 T~ T
08.
2
find the smallest area enclosed by the circle x + y
2
= =
25 & f(x) Q wh~·n f(x) == x _ 3.
•.,. I . I .I
1D8'09'14~ CB'JO 'U: JB' U ; Ctg.U' l -11 [.\11~: ~-J~" - 4JS
. • O ~ ti j
.
= I \ ,. ~
rt \ , 2 ,111111111
. d th ea enclosed by x-a2us and an arc of the funcuo n y smx
09. Fm ear • .
2
d th area enclosed by the parabola Y = 4x & straight lme y = 2x. [Link] ' IOJ ( \ •1
. us. - MJ uuiq
IO. f .Ul e . ..
. d the area enclosed by the graph y = xJ , x-axis & y = 0, x = 1 & x =
3 I \11 • 21·1'Mf uolq
· ~-
11. FID

Brain storm ing Quest ion

50)100
soso J0t ( 1-x dx
!Ans: 50511
01. find the value of fo1<t - xso)101d x

the integral for any natural number m: J(x m + x m + xm)(2x m + 3xm

termine
3 2 2 + 6); dx
02. De I
xm+ I (zxlm +3xm+6)r+iii
(Ans :-_,_ _--~ - + CI 6 (111+1)
1
27
. ( (n+1)(n +2).- - ·- 3n)ii !Ans: -ez I
03 • lun
find the value of n-+oo 0
20
2
as y = x - bx 2 & y = : is
04. Find such real numbers b > 0, such that the area enclosed by the parabol
(Ans: b = 11
maximum. n2
I 41
n xsinx Ans:
05. Fin.d the value of f,O 1+cosz x dx
bcde th b + ex 2 + dx 3 + ex 4 has at last one
06. Let, a, b, c, d, e E R such that, a + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 0, show at, a + x
real solution.
(Ans: !!J
Jim L~=l kz +n
07. Determine: o-+oo n z• 4
Find the
08. The line y = c intersects the curve y = 2x - 3x in the first quadrant
3 like the following figure.
(Ans: ~)
value of c such that the area of the coloured regions is equal.
y

~ y=c
3
L _ l : . .=2x-3x
0 X
. d th e vaIues: f ~
09. Fm
4
~ ~ dx
(Ans: 1)
2 v ln(9-x)+ v ln(x+3)

IO. find such continuous fimction f(x) : [O,lJ ➔ (0, oo) such that, f01 f(x) dx = 1 ; J; xf(x) dx = a ;
J1 x2 f(x) dx = a2 , Where a is a real number. [Ans: There is no such fucntion)
0

All lmporf,rnf Formula in a Body

~ Jndtffnffe lntr;ral:
OJ. Jsinxdx = -cosx + c
02. Jcosxdx = sinx + c
03. f tan xdx = lnlsec xi + c

04. f cosecxdx = lnlcosecx - cot xi+ c = -lnlco secx + cot xi +c =In/ta n ii+ c

~ <ldvash Academk: & Admission Care 7J/ 211 tjfj,qic-,f ~ ~ ~ -·· J

p -r-~ ·T 7
e . ,.
......--::
~1111atc:11(,::J
,.-1 • ~ _ _ _ _ _..:.::H.:-~
Ji L
Ma th 1st Pap er : Cha pto r-10
-- -- -- ------
(ll = loJsec x + tanxt + c = In \(tan G+ ml +c = In 1:::~1 + ,
Jb. [Link] dx = ln l~in >:I + c = - ln\c osec x I + c
,c'"1
x•dx = - + c(n :t::- 1 )
,f1. J 11+1 CJS3. f s~c 2 x dx = tan x + c
[fJ. f c.osec2 7..dx = - cot x + c J,,. J ~~c x tan x dx = s<:c x + c
1
J. Jc;osec x rotx dx = -co sec x + c 12. f em>1 dx = : e-m" + C
13- f ~ dx = ;:a+
C 14. f ~ dx = ln lxl + c
•
dx
J- +•z = -a tan -a + c
l - 1:1:
= a tan0 ] "
1::,. ~2 [Lkt .x l 6 . f ~ =.!.. Jn \~ \ + c
f ~-x 2a \a +x\ +c :11Z - aZ 2a x+c1
I
-dx= -1 n
I1• 2
a- x 18. f dx =sin- 1 ! +c LLet ,x = asinO ]
}9. J ,;:xf
= ln\.J xz + ai + x\ + c [Let,x = a tan 8]
..fa2
-x1. a

:.a. f J'i~z :i = ln \.Jxz - a 2 + x\ + c [Let, x = a sec 8]

11- f euu {mf (x) + f' ( x) } dx = em,: f(x)
+c 22. s~i; dx = l n lf(x) I + c
23. f d; = 2../z + c
yZ
24. J f (x ) dx = [Link](x) + c
~ --
Jf~)
15_ f ..fx 2 + a 2 dx = i ✓x 2 + a2 + a; ln\x +-./x 2 + a2 \ +c [Let ,x = a tan 0]
26. [Link] - xzd x = ~ -.Jaz - xz + az sin- 1~ + c
2 ~-- 2
11. ; lnlx +a ✓r-x=-z-_-a-=2 1 + c
J./x2 - a 2 dx = ~ -./x 2 - a 2 - a [Let .x = asec 0]
28. Jln X dx = X ln X - X + c
19. J~ sin bx dx = a::Xb (a sin bx - b cos bx) + c
2

30. f en cos bx dx = a::b2 (a cos bx+ b sin bx) + c

31. Juvd x = u f vdx - f {: ( u) f vdx} dx
= Otflnlte lotqraJ:
01. J: f(x) dx = - f: f(x) dx
02. J; f(x) dx = 0
03. Jab f(x) dx = fac f(x) dx + f: f(x) dx [where a< c < b]
t.4. Cf(x)dx = f: f(z) dz
CJ5. f: f(x) dx = J: f(a - x) dx
u6. J: f(x) dx = J; f(a + b - x)dx
07. J: f(x)dx = J:~ f( x + c) dx
'~i. J: f(x) dx = i::; f(x - c)dx
W. If f( - x) = f(x) , the~ f~a f(x) dx = 2 ta f(x) dx = 2 J; f(x) dx
10. If f( - x) = - ((x) , then. ta f(x) dx = 0
• ~ Octws.t, Aca t1m k & Adm'"'°" c.,. ]I /r-- --:2:":1":::2- - - - - - - --:+\i,f:t'F•,i.,. 0-1:...,,~c-+11
~-~-... •, -Pit
.,~- -.,. - .-..- .
 l,Jidic?ilciT .- < T [Link] 1st Pap er: Cha
Pte,. 10
rtant for MCQJ
Special Tips: Wal li's theorem: [It is very impo
n-1 n-3 n-5 3.1 TT
.!! .!!
. - ...... -4.2 . -2 [n = even integer]
f2 sin" xdx = J,o2 cos" xdx = - n . -
(i) Jo n-2 n-4
.!! J,.!! 4 cfx
= 4.2. 2 = 16
3.1 lT 3lt
For example: foz sin 4 xdx = o2 cos x
.
_ n-1 n-3 n-5 ...... . -2 [n -_ odd rnteg ]
.!! J,.!!2 n -n-4 er
sin" xdx = cos xdx - - . -. 3
( ii)f,2
o O n n-2
.!! J,.!! S 5-1 5-3 8
For example: foz sins xdx = o2 cos xdx = -s-. 5-2 = 15

~ Regarding area:
oJ. Area enclosed by y = f(x) & x-axis = t y dx

02. Area enclosed by x = f(y) & y-axis=

tx dy
ght line parallel to y-axis= fabCYu - y 1) dx
03. Area enclosed by the two curves and strai

Shortcut:
04. Area of circle x
2 + y2 = r 2 is, A = nr2 square unit.
2 2
re unit.
05. Area of ellipse ; 2 + : 2 = 1 is, A = nab squa
2 = 4ax & x2 = 4ay is = : a 2 square unit.
6
06. Area encl osed by curv es y
6
y 2 = 4ax & x2 = 4by is= : ab squa re unit.
07. Area encl osed by curv es
2
2 its latus rect um= ia square unit.
08. Area enclosed by the curve y = 4ax and

Imp orta nt Pra ctic e Pro blem

,/e
( MC Q ] 06. J,1 x In x dx = ?
(d) ~
e 1 e 1
1 2 (a)_ ,! (b)- - 4- (c) -+-
01. fo xex dx =? 4 2 2 4 4
1 y
(a) e- 1 (b)- (e - 1) y=xz
2
1 =2
(c) e + 1 (d) 2 (e + 1) x=5 of the
esx+e3x'
07. X'+--~-+-p,;,,,i"J-➔ X What is the area
02. J-- dx =?•
eX+e-X
I (a) e 4x + c (b).!. e4x + c Y'

I
4

(c) 4e 4x + c (d) 4ex + c shad owe d regio n?

ofy 2 = (d)33
03. The area bounded by the two parabolas (a) 93 (b) 46 (c) 39
I 2
4ax and x = 4ay is-
32a 2 2 3 08 · J2xv'ldxn2x -?
-.
t6a2
(a) - (b )- (c) 16a3 (d) !_ 2
a2
3 3
(a) 2 v'ln 2x + c
04. If f(x) = In 2x, what is the value of f(x)
dx? J
+c (c) v'ln 2x + c (d)l n2x +c
(a) 2(x In 2x + x) + c (b)2 (x In 2x - x)
(c) x In 2x + x + c (d) x In 2x - x + c 09. f (tan 3 x + tame) dx =?
05. f(x) = x, 0(x) = ex; f(x) 0(x) dx = ?
J (a) sec2 x + c
(a) xex +ex + c (b) xex - ex+ c
x2ex (c) (tanx)2 + c (d) tan 2x + c
(c)- 2- + c (d) x2ex + c 2

~ Udvash Academic & Admission Care IQ 213 91fj-4<tc;-,11 ~~~ --· 1

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