Heat and Mass Transfer MIE 3123, 26TH Sept.

2024 Question paper Scheme

Type: MCQ

Q1. For a 1-dimensional heat flow through a rod of diameter ‘d’ and thermal conductivity ‘k’, if the
diameter of the rod is doubled and the thermal conductivity is halved, if the temperature gradient
remains the same, the rate of heat transfer will be(0.5)

1. ** doubled
2. halved
3. the same
4. none of these
Q2. The thermal conductivity of paraffin wax is 0.4 W/m K, the specific heat and density of the
material are 1.85 kJ/kg K, and 856 kg/m3 respectively. The thermal diffusivity in m2/s of the
paraffin wax is (0.5)
1.
**2.53×10-7
2.
2.53×10-4
3. 3.959×106
4.
2.53×10-6
Q3. 3. The ratio of heat flow through walls A and B (QA/QB) having the same thickness having
thermal conductivity kA = 4kB for the temperature difference (ΔT)B =2(ΔT)A will be (0.5)

1. 0.5
2. **2
3. 0.25
4. 1

Q4. 4. A composite wall of a furnace has two layers of equal thickness having thermal
conductivities in the ratio of 3 : 2. The ratio of the temperature drop across the two layers is (0.5)
1. 3 : 5
2. 2 : 5
3. **2 : 3
4. 3 : 2
Q5. 5. It is proposed to coat a 1 mm diameter wire with enamel paint (k = 0.1 W/mK) to increase
heat transfer with air. If the air side heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/m2K, then critical thickness of
enamel paint should be: (0.5)
1. 0.25 mm
2. 1 mm
3. **0.5 mm
4. 2 mm
Q6. 6. In a thermal contact resistance scenario, what happens to heat transfer when contact
resistance increases? (0.5)
 1. ** Heat transfer decreases
2. Heat transfer increases
3. Heat transfer remains unchanged
4. Heat transfer becomes unpredictable
Q7. The thermal conductivity of water flowing in a pipe is 0.6 W/m°C and the specific heat of the
water is 4.180 kJ/kg°C. if the kinematic viscosity and density are 0.8x10-6 m2/s and 1000 kg/m3, the
Prandtl number of the flow is (0.5)
1. 0.52
2. **5.57
3. 523
4. 5570
Q8. The Nusselt number of the flow that takes place inside a heated duct of 0.1 m diameter is 200. If
the thermal conductivity of the air is 0.023 W/m°C, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the
flow is (0.5)
1. 84
2. **46
3. 11.15
4. 50
Q9. Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of (0.5)
1. Viscous force and the inertia force
2. ** Inertia and the viscous force
3. Buoyancy force and viscous force
4. Inertia force and buoyance force
Q10. In forced convection, how does the Prandtl number affect the relationship between the
velocity boundary layer and the thermal boundary layer? (0.5)
1. ** A low Prandtl number means the thermal boundary layer is thicker than the velocity
boundary layer
2. A low Prandtl number means the thermal boundary layer is thinner than the velocity
boundary layer
3. The Prandtl number has no effect on the boundary layers
4. Both boundary layers are always the same thickness regardless of the Prandtl number.
Type: DES

Q11. Develop an expression for the rate of heat transfer through a sphere which is critically
insulated and derive the expression for critical thickness of insulation for the same. (4)

Consider a spherical body of radius ri , with an insulating layer of radius ro

Let ha and Ta be the convective heat transfer coefficient and outside temperature of the ambient air
Ti − T0 Ti − T0 4 k ( Ti − T0 )
Q= = =
R1 + R2 ro − ri 1 k r −r
+ + o i
4 kr0 ri 4 ro ha
2 2
ro ha r0 ri
k r −r
Let, z= 2 + o i
ro ha r0 ri

For critical insulation thickness,

 k 1 1 
d  2 + − 
ro ha  ri r0 
= 0 or 
dz k 1 1
( −2 ) 3 + 2 = 0
dr0 dr0 ha ro ro
2k
 r0 =
ha

(2+2)

Q12. A plane wall 70 mm thick (k = 2 W/m°C) is insulated on one side while the other side is
exposed to face environment at 40°C. The rate of heat generation within the wall is 2 x 10 5 W/m3.
If the convective heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the environment is 100 W/m 2°C,
determine the maximum temperature to which the wall will be subjected. (4)

Solution:

We know that for a plane wall with one side insulation

qg
T = Tw +
2k
(L 2
− x2 )
Equating heat generated = heat conducted out at x = L,

dT dT qg L
q g AL = − kA or @ x=L =−
dx @ x = L dx k

Equating heat convected = heat conducted out at x = L,

dT qg L
− kA = hA (Tw − Ta ) − kA = hA (Tw − Ta )
dx @ x = L k
 qg L
Tw = Ta +
h

2  10 5  0.07
Tw = 40 + Tw = 180 o C
100
Maximum temperature to which the wall will be subjected

qg 2  10 5 0.07 2
Tmax = Tw +
2k
(L 2
− x2 ) @ x =0
= 180 +
2 2
Tmax = 425 o C

Derivation of the formula: 2 mark,

Tmax=--- 2 marks

Q13. The thermal conductivity of a material is K= a + bT where a and b are constants. A sphere of
inner and outer radii r1 and r2 is made of this material and inner and outer temperatures are T1 and
T2 respectively. Develop an expression for heat transfer. (3)

T2
r1 r2
T1

dT
Fourier’s heat conduction equation can be written as Q = -kA
dr
Where, A is the area normal to the heat transfer in the sphere.= 4 r at any radius r of the sphere.
2

dT
 Q = - − ( a + bT ) 4 r 2 as k= a+bT
dr

Separating the variables we have,

Q 1
−  dr = ( a + bT ) dT
4 r 2

Integrating from r = r1 for T = T1 to r = r2 for T = T2

r T
Q 2 1 2

−   2 dr =  ( a + bT ) dT
4 r1 r T1

Q  1 1 T2 T2 
−   − +  = a ( T2 - T1 ) + b  2 − 1 
4  r2 r1   2 2 
 Q  r2 − r1   T12 - T22 
  = a ( T - T ) + b  
4  r1r2 
1 2
 2 

(T1 - T2 )
Therefore, Q=
r2 − r1
4 r1r2 ( a + bTmean )

Derivation: 3 marks

Q14. The wall of a cold storage consists of three layers: an outer layer of ordinary bricks, 25 cm
thick, a middle layer of cork, 10 cm thick and an inner layer of cement, 6 cm thick. The thermal
conductivities of the materials are 0.7 W/mK, 0.043 W/mK and 0.72 W/m.K, respectively. The
temperature of the outer surface of the wall is 30°C and that of inner is – 15°C. Calculate : (a)
Steady state rate of heat gain per unit area, (b) Temperature at the interfaces of composite wall.
(3)
q,T2, T3: 1 marks each
Q15. Develop an expression for the temperature distribution of a fin which is exposed to
convective boundary condition and having heat sources at its two ends. (3)

Let the two sources be maintained at temperatures T1 and T2 represented as shown in the
figure.
Let, K = thermal conductivity of the bar material,
p = perimeter of the bar,
h = heat transfer coefficient of ambient which is at temperature Ta and
l = length of the bar.
d 2
The general equation for the fin is given as, 2 − m 2 = 0
dx
The general solution of which is given as  = T − Ta = c1 cosh ( mx ) + c2 sinh ( mx )
Ta , ha

T1 T2
Source Source
X
L

The boundary conditions for the fin are,

i. At x = 0 , T = T1
ii. At x = L , T = T2
Now using boundary condition 1 we have,
T1 − Ta = c1 cosh ( 0 ) + c2 sinh ( 0 ) = c1  c1 = T1 − Ta
Applying boundary condition 2 we get,
T2 − Ta = (T1 − Ta ) cosh ( mL ) + c2 sinh ( mL )
(T2 − Ta ) − (T1 − Ta ) cosh ( mL )
c2 = 1 marks
s inh ( mL )
The complete solution therefore becomes,

(T2 − Ta ) − (T1 − Ta ) cosh ( mL )

 = T − Ta = ( T1 − Ta ) cosh ( mx ) + sinh ( mx )
s inh ( mL )
Let 1 = (T1 − Ta ) ,  2 = (T2 − Ta )
 2 − 1 cosh ( mL )
Therefore,  = 1 cosh ( mx ) + sinh ( mx )
s inh ( mL )
1 cosh ( mx ) s inh ( mL ) +  2 sinh ( mx ) − 1 cosh ( mL ) sinh ( mx )
=
s inh ( mL )

1s inh ( m ( L − x ) ) +  2 sinh ( mx )

= ``` 2 marks
s inh ( mL )
Q16. : A longitudinal copper fin (k = 400 W/m°C) 0.75 m long and 5 mm diameter is exposed to air
stream at 24°C. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 10 W/m2°C. If the fin base temperature
is 180°C, determine:
(i) The heat transfer rate
(ii) The efficiency of the fin.
(iii) effectiveness of the fin.
Assume adiabatic tip. (3)

For adiabatic tip condition,

Q = h p k A (Ts − Ta ) tanh ( mL )

hp h d 4  10
m= == = = 4.472
kA  400  0.005
d2
k
4
Q = kAm (Ts − Ta ) tanh ( mL )
  0.005 2
Q = 400  4.472 (180 − 24 ) tanh ( 4.472  0.75 ) Q = 5.46 W
4

tanh ( mL )
 fin =
mL
tanh ( 4.475  0.75 )
 fin = = 0.297 = 29.7 %
4.472  0.75

pk 4  400
 fin = tanh ( mL ) = tanh ( 4.472  0.75 ) = 178.45
hA 10  0.005

(1x3)

Q17. Two long rods of the same diameter, one made of brass (k = 85 W/m.K) and the other made
of copper (k = 375 W/m.K) have one of their ends inserted into a furnace. Both the rods are
exposed to same environment. At a distance of 105 mm away from the furnace, the temperature
of brass rod is 120°C. At what distance from the furnace, the same temperature would be reached
in the copper rod ? assume infinite length fin condition. (3)
` Eq (i) & (ii( 1 marks, Ans 2 marks
Q18. A plate 30 mm thick and 100 mm wide is used to heat a fluid at 25°C. The heat generation
rate inside the plate is 8 x 106 W/m3. Determine the heat transfer coefficient to maintain the
temperature of the plate below 180°C. Given kplate= 36 W/m°C. Neglect heat losses from the edge
of the plate. (2)

Solution:

 L2 L 
Tmax = Ta + q g  + 
 8k 2 h 

 0.032 0.03 
180 = 25 + 8  10 6  + 
 8  36 2h 

heat transfer coefficient h = 923 W / m C 2 marks

2o