I.
Review: conditional sentences
1. Type 0: general truths
If + S+ V0 , S + V0
Ex: If the temperature rises, the snow melts.
I am nervous if I don’t sleep 8 hours.
2. Type 1: điều kiện có thật ở hiện tạo hoặc ở tương lai
If + S+ V0, S + mordal verb ( will/ can/must/may) + V0 -> Should +S+V0, S+ V0
Ex: We will go skating if the lake freezes
Should the lake freeze, we will go skating
3. Type 2: unreal situations in the present or future
If +S+ V2, S+ would/might/could + V2 -> Were +S+ (to V0) , S+ + would/might/could + V2
Ex: If I were you, I would marry her
Were I you, I would marry her
If she married me instead of him, she might be happier
Were she to marry me intead of him, she might be happier
4. Type 3: unreal situations in the past
If +S+ had+ V3, S+ would have + V3 -> Had +S+ V3, S+ would have + V3
Ex: If she had studied more, she would have passed the test last month.
Had she studied more, she would have passed the test last month.
5. Type 4: Mixed type: Không có thật ở hiện tại -> hậu quả trong quá khứ
If +S+ V2 ( didn’t V0), S+ would (not) have V3
Ex: If I liked him, I would have given him my phone number last night.
11. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
Loại 1: Should + S + V ( inf), S + will V( inf)
Should it rain tomorrow, we won’t go swimming
Loại 2: Were+ S+ Adj/ O, S+ would + V(inf)
Were I rich, I would travel around the world
Were + S + to V ( inf), S+ would + V(inf)
Were I have a vacation, I would spend more time for my family
Loại 3: Had + S+ V( p2), S+ would have + VP
Had I known about the vacancy, I would have applied
II. Inversion: nhấn mạnh
1. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V (inf)
Ex: Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
2. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No: Các cụm từ có No + auxiliary+ S+ V (inf)
At no time/point ( chưa từng)
On no condition ( tuyệt đối không)
On no account ( không có lí do gì)
Under/ in no circumstances ( trong bất kì trường hợp/hoàn cảnh nào cũng không)
For no reason
In no way ( không thể nào)
No longer
For no reason will you play truant ( trốn học)
The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid
On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
3. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No/ Not any + N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
4. Đảo ngữ với ONLY:
Only one/ Only later/ Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V
Only one did i meet her
Only after/ Only by/ Only with + V_ing/ N
Only after all guest had gone home could we relax
Only when/ Only if/ Only after + Clause
Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently
5. No sooner + trợ động từ + S+ V......... than.....
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely+ trợ động từ + S+ V......... When/ before
Vừa mới...... thì.....
Thường được sử dụng ở thì QKHT, QKD diễn tả sự việc xảy ra ngay trước 1 sự việc khác
trong QK
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang
Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain became down in torrents( mưa rất to)
6. Đảo ngữ với No until/ till
No until/till+ clause + auxiliary+ S+ V
Ex: Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.
No until/ till + adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Ex: Not until/ till the next day did i hear that I had got the job.
7. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also.....
Not only + auxiliary + S + V + but + S +also + V
He is not only good at English but he also draws very well
Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well
He not only sings well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
8. Đảo ngữ với So/Such
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
He plays football so well that everyone admires him
So well does he play football that everyone admires him
So dark is it that I can’t write =
So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself =
So difficult was the exam that few students passed it =
Such (a/an) adj+ N + S+ N that clause
It is such a difficult exam that few students pass it.
Such a difficult exam is it that few students pass it
9. Đảo ngữ với No where
No where+ trợ động từ+ S+V( inf)
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country
10. Adv chỉ thời gian và phương thức đứng đầu câu
Adv chỉ thời gian và phương thức + V ( chia theo thì) + S
The church stands on the hill
On the hill stands a church
11. Giới từ đi theo V đứng đầu câu:
Giới từ + V ( chia theo thì) +S
Ex: The teacher came into the class
Into the class came the teacher
The cat runs away
Away runs a cat!
*Câu phụ họa: câu đồng tình hoặc so sánh với người nói trước.
Dạng Đồng từ So, too ( khẳng định) Neither ...nor/Either ( phụ định)
So + tobe + S S+ tobe+ either
Tobe I am stupid
->So am I He isn’t good , Hoa isn’t either
= Neither is Hoa Nor is Hoa
I am, too
Động từ thường So + auxiliary + S Neither/Nor + auxiliary + S
He likes cat We didn’t like him
->I do, too ->I didn’t , either
So do I Neither did I nor they
So does she