Department of Computer Science & Information
Technology (CS & IT)
University of Swat
KP, Pakistan
Introduction to Database Management System
Lab Manual
Prepared By
Khwaja Jawad
LAB NUMBER OBJECTIVE
Lab-1 Difference between
Oracle And MS-Access
Lab-2 Tables In MS-Access
Lab-3 Forms In MS-Access
Lab-4 Reports In MS-Access
Lab-5 ER-Model
Lab-6 DFDs
Lab-7 Context Level Diagram
Lab-8 Splash Screen
Lab-9 SQL Commands
Lab-10 Normalization of
Project
LAB-1
Objective: Difference between
MS-Access & Oracle
Access
[Link] was developed and is provided by
Microsoft.
[Link] is a development tool for creating
database front ends.
[Link] user is not available in Access.
[Link] cannot be created in Access.
[Link] is low in MS-Access.
[Link]-Access does not provide client-server
technology.
[Link] application build by MS-Access can be opened
without installing Access in the system.
[Link] creation is not possible in MS Access.
[Link] can only handle less than 10 users without
slowing down.
Oracle
[Link] is developed and provided by Oracle
Corporation.
[Link] cannot be used as a development tool it’s
only a database tool.
[Link] is multi-user.
[Link] create sequence in Oracle.
[Link] level in oracle is much better than Access.
[Link] supports client server technology.
[Link] must be installed for running host
applications.
[Link] is scalable but MS Access isn’t.
[Link] can accept hundreds/thousands of
simultaneous connections.
LAB-2
Create table in Access
1. Open MS-Access from your system.
2. Click on blank database to create a database.
3. On the left side there is a List of available objects
of MS-Access, right click on “Table 1” and click on
design view.
4. Specify the name for the table you want to
create.
5. Now specify the names of the fields and select
their datatypes.
6. Now click on save to save the changes made in
the table.
Below given are the screen shots of a simple
table.
Design View:
Datasheet View:
LAB-3
Create forms in Access
What are forms?
A form is a database object that we can use to
create a user interface for a database application.
How to create forms in Access:
[Link] the Navigation panel, we select the table of
which we need to make a form.
[Link] the Create tab and click on Form button
to create a form.
[Link] form will be created and will be opened in
layout view.
[Link] save the form, click the Save command on
the Quick Access Toolbar.
This Is a Simple Form Given Below
LAB-4
Create Report In Access
What is report in Access:
A report is a database object that we use to display
and summarize data.
How to create reports in Access:
1. Open the Navigation panel.
2. Click the table or query on which you
want to base your report.
3. Click the Create tab.
4. Click the Report button in the Reports
group.
Given Below is the screenshot of a simple
report
LAB-5
Creating ER-Model
What is ER model?
An entity relationship model, also called an entity-
relationship (ER) diagram, is a graphical
representation of entities and their relationships to
each other.
Creating ERD in Visio:
[Link] Microsoft Visio
[Link] the File menu, select New, then Database,
and then Database Model Diagram
[Link] the menu bar, click Database, then Options,
and finally Document
[Link] the new window, select the Relationship tab
[Link] and drop Shapes onto Drawing to create
Diagram
[Link] click Entities to adjust properties such as
Name, Column, and Primary Key
[Link] click Relationships to adjust properties
such as Name
Below given is a simple ER-Diagram
LAB-6
Creating DFD in Visio:
What is DFD:
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical
representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modelling
its process aspects. A DFD is often used as a
preliminary step to create an overview of the
system without going into great detail, which can
later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for
the visualization of data processing (structured
design).
Creating DFD:
[Link] VISIO. Select Software and database as
the drawing type and click on Data Flow Model
Diagram and then click on the create button
(look for this on the right side).
[Link]-n-drop an interface (external entity) from
the Gane-Sarson (US units) panel (on the left)
into the drawing grid (on the right). Change the
generic name initially provided by typing “EM
Manager.” You can change the name by
double-clicking the object, which should be you
in the edit mode. You can also edit the name of
the Interface object in the lower left corner
(Model Explorer) by right-clicking the object and
selecting “rename.”
[Link] the starting of the data flow (without the
arrow) to the center of EM Manager object.
The box around EM manager will highlight in
red and the end point of the data flow will
attach to the edge of the box.
[Link], drag the arrow end of the data flow to the
center of the 1.0 process. Then, change the
generic dataflow label to CD Information.
[Link] the other data flows (see the first picture
on the first page). Attach each end to the
appropriate object and edit the data flow label.
[Link] your DFD.
Here are the screenshots of the DFD:
Level 1:
LAB-7
Create Context Level Diagram
Steps to draw Context level Diagram:
[Link] create new DFD, select Diagram > New from
the toolbar.
[Link] the New Diagram window, select Data Flow
Diagram and click Next.
[Link] Context as diagram name and click OK to
confirm.
[Link]'ll now draw the first process. From the
Diagram Toolbar, drag Process onto the
diagram. Name the new process System.
[Link], let's create an external entity. Please your
mouse pointer over System. Press and drag out
the Resource Catalog button at top right.
[Link] the mouse button and
select Bidirectional Data Flow -> External
Entity from Resource Catalog.
[Link] the new external entity.
[Link] we'll model the database accessed by the
system. Use Resource Catalog to create a Data
Store from System, with a bidirectional data
flow in between.
Below Is the Screenshot of Context Level
Diagram of My Project
LAB-8
Create Splash screen in Microsoft Access
What is splash screen:
The page of a Web site that the user sees first
before being given the option to continue to the
main content of the site. Splash pages are used to
promote a company, service or product or are used
to inform the user of what kind of software or
browser is necessary in order to view the rest of the
site's pages.
How to create Splash screen:
1. From the Objects bar, select Forms.
2. Double-click Create form in Design view.
3. Click the Save button, type a name in the Form
Name dialog box, and click OK.
4. Press F4 to bring up the Properties dialog box.
5. Select the form properties you want in
the Properties dialog box.
6. Click the Toolbox button.
7. Insert and format the objects you want to include
on your splash screen.
8. Save the changes. View the form to verify that
the changes are to your liking.
9. Click Tools, and select Startup.
10. In the Application Title text box, enter the name
for your application. You can add an icon by
browsing for it under Application Icon.
11. From the Display Form/Page drop-down, select
the form you created to act as the splash screen.
12. Uncheck the Display Database
Window checkbox.
13. Click OK.
Below Given is the simple splash screen
LAB-9
SQL DATABASE
SQL (Structured Query Language):
Have two types:
DDL(Data Definition Language):Commands:
Create(table/index/views)
Alter (table/index/views)
Drop (table/index/views)
DML(Data Manipulation Language):
Commands:
Select
Update
Insert
Delete
Installation of Oracle 10g:
Create table of students:
Insertion in a table:
Table created in insertion:
Updating in table:
Table by Descending order:
By ascending order:
Updation in Table:
Group sorting:
Alteration in a table:
Now insert mobile numbers on each entity:
Modify the alter table:
Updation:
Deletion:
Now drop the table:
LAB-10
Normalization of Project
Customers Table:
1NF (1 Normal Form):
Each cell should be single valued.
All the entries in a column should be of same type.
There must be a unique identification number for a row.
1NF of Customers Table is Given Below;
Workers Table:
2NF (2 Normal Form):
All non-column keys should be dependent on key.
Workers:
Primary key
Workers Concerned Project:
Primary Key
Project Title:
Primary Key
Workers Table:
3NF (3 Normal Form):
All columns can be identified by the key only.
Workers:
Primary Key
Concerned Project #:
Primary Key