Q:0

(a) Sounds are described according to the places of articulation. Provide an English consonant sound
described as follows:

i. Bilabial (1 mark)

ii. Interdental (1 mark)

(b) Learners of English language may face different pronunciation challenges. Which problems are
manifested in the situations given below?

i. Learner X pronouncing the word “rig” as if it was “ring”. (1 mark)

ii. Learner Y pronouncing the word “milk” as if it was “milky”. (1 mark)'

(c) Read the genre below and answer the question that follows.

Susie works in a shoeshine shop. Where she shines, she sits, and where she sits she shines.

State two functions of the genre above. (2 mark)

Response #: R000029391541

Marking scheme
(a) Sounds are described according to the places of articulation.

i. Bilabial: /p/; /b/ (1 mark)

ii. Interdental /ð/; / θ/ (1 mark)

(b) Learners of English language may face different pronunciation challenges.

i. Learner X pronouncing the word “rig” as if it was “ring”.: nasalisation (1 mark)

ii. Learner Y pronouncing the word “milk” as if it was “milky”: vowel addition (1 mark)

(c) Functions of the genre above.

• For entertainment

• Socialization

• For speech therapy/training

• Enhance fluency

(Any 2; 2 marks)
Q:0
(a) Language learning should be enjoyable to the learner. Suggest two strategies you would use to make
the learning of writing interesting. (2 marks)

(b) Some Grade 3 learners in Teacher Patel’s class have problems with handwriting.
Suggest two strategies he would use to correct the problem. (2 marks)

Marking scheme
Part a

• Use picture stories

• Employ chin story telling

• Pair up or use group work to promote collaboration

(Any 2; 2 marks)

Part b

• Train learners on pen holding techniques

• Use tracing of letters

• Guide on spacing of letters and words

• Expose learners to upright sitting when writing

• Use model samples of handwriting

(Any2; 2 marks)

Q:0
State two roles of English language in a classroom.

Marking scheme
• It’s the language of instruction

• It is the language of curriculum materials

• It is one of the official languages for communication.

(Any 2; 2 marks)

Q:0
Presentation practice and production (PPP) is one of the language teaching approaches. Suggest what a
teacher should do in the following stages:
Marking scheme
i. Presentation: The teacher explains proper nouns and provides examples of proper nouns.
(1 mark)

ii. Production: The teacher tasks learners to give their own examples of proper nouns and
use them in sentences. (1 mark)

Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.
A friend is a person capable of loving irrespective of whether he is being loved or not. Friendship is not
restricted by age. It can be felt in familial relationships between husband and wife, parents and children
and among siblings. However, love is the binding force in familial relationships. The concept of friendship
needs exploration because often a man is known by the company he keeps; knowing the company helps
one to know oneself and develop his personality to the fullest. Each of our friends mirrors who we are.
They happen to be our friends because of the sameness of our identity.
Generally, friendship exists for three reasons: virtue, usefulness and pleasure. When virtue is the reason,
friends like and cherish each other for some creditable values in each other’s personality. You wish to be
the friend of the other person because their personality attracts you. And this is mutual.
A friendship of the second kind is formed for the utilitarian value of it. How useful so and so is to me.
What can I benefit from him? Can I use his car? Will he use his reputation and influence to fetch me a
good job? Will he lend me money in need? Thus, a person may ask and maintains relationship for
practical, professional, and political reasons. Friendship of the third kind is formed essentially on account
of the pleasure the relationship gives. You have a humorous friend. The moment he enters, you forget all
your worries. He has a way with new jokes that makes you roar with laughter. And he never disappoints
you that way. You have a cute, intelligent and charming friend. The very notion that she is your friend
makes you feel proud. That she walks, talks and takes tea with you is just enough. You are on cloud nine.
He is a joker. The moment he enters, you forget all your worries. You cannot but wonder what new joke
he has got up in his sleeve to make you roar into laughter. And he never disappoints you that way. She is
cute, intelligent and charming. The very notion that she is your friend makes you feel proud. That she
walks, talks and takes tea with you is enough. You are on cloud nine. The point rests here: Friends
come in many colors.
(Adapted from: On Friendship by T. Ravichandran. In College English Review, April-June 1999, Vol. 3:
No. 2)
Q:0
(b) Make notes on what the passage says about friendship?

Marking scheme
• Friendship is not restricted by age.

• It can be felt in familial relationship.

• Friendship defines who we are.

• It exists for virtue.

• It exists for pleasure.

(Any 4 points; 4 marks)

Q:0
(d) What is the meaning of the expression, “You are on cloud nine,” as used in the passage?

Marking scheme
You are overjoyed/excited/exhilarated/happy (1 mark)

Q:0
(a) State the word class of the underlined word.

(i) Fatuma speaks very fast. _________________ (1 mark)

(ii) Ratemo’s love for cats is excessive. _____________ (1 mark)

(b) Fill in the blank spaces using the correct word from the options given.
i. The team was banned due to fielding ___________ players. (illegible, ineligible) (1
mark)

ii. The athlete received ________________ for upholding integrity. (compliments, complements)
(1 mark)

(c) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Do not change the
meaning.

i. Korir was sorry. He offered to compensate the girl for the loss. (rewrite as one sentence beginning:
“So.....”) (1 mark)

ii. Mohammed is a brilliant boy. He won a scholarship to study abroad. (Join into one sentence
using “who”) (1 mark)

Marking scheme
(a)

Fatuma speaks very fast. ______adverb____________

Ratemo’s love for cats is excessive. __noun___________

(2 marks)

(b)

• Ineligible
• Compliments

(2 marks)

(c)

• So sorry was Korir that he offered to compensate the girl for the loss.

• Mohammed who won a scholarship to study abroad is a brilliant boy.

(2 marks)

Read the genre below and then answer the question that follows.
Sleep, sleep baby, sleep sleep,
A roasted potato, ooh a hot potato,
Has burned baby’s fingers, ooh sleep sleep
Sleep, sleep baby, sleep sleep,
Sleep sleep mummy is coming sleep,
She is coming with meat, she is coming,
When she sees meat, she says babysitter go away,
But when she sees green slippery vegetables,
She says babysitter come back.
Sleep sleep baby sleep sleep
Sleep sleep baby mummy is coming sleep.
Q:0
(a) Identify and illustrate two features of this genre that makes it appropriate as children literature.

Marking scheme
• Repetition-sleep, sleep

• Use of simple language-sleep

• Soothing tone

(Any 2; 2 marks)

Q:0
(b) You intend to use this genre to assess reading. With illustrations from the genre above,
suggest two ways you would use the genre to assess the acquisition of reading skills.

Marking scheme
• Speech drills

• Reading aloud/recitation

• Question and answer questions

(Any 2; 2 marks)
`
Q:0
(a) Teacher Njoroge would like to teach polite expressions to Grade 4 learners. Suggest two ways he
would use ICT in the lesson. (2 marks)

(c) Teacher Mogaka intends to use children’s poems in a listening and speaking lesson in Grade 3.
Mention two learning activities in which he would engage the learners. (2 marks)

Marking scheme
Part a

• Use digital gadgets and tools like projectors and PowerPoint on polite expressions.

• Use audio and video recordings-model or native speaker recordings of polite expressions.

• Virtual learning exchange with model speakers using polite expressions.

• Online language games targeting polite expressions.

(Any 2; 2 marks)

Part b

• Recitation

• Dramatization

• Mimicry

• Role plays and simulations

(Any 2; 2 marks)

Q:0
Consider the Specific Learning Outcome (SLO) below.

“By the end of the week, the class should be able to know verbs used in sentences.”

Identify three mistakes in the learning outcome above.

Marking scheme
• Week: an SLO should target a lesson not a week.

• Class: an SLO should target an individual learner not a class.

• Know: an SLO should have a measurable verb.

(3; 3 marks)
Q:0
You recently attended a party. In about 100 words, write a paragraph describing what you found
interesting in the party.

Marking scheme
• A relevant topic sentence. -1 mark

• At least two relevant descriptive sentences supporting the topic sentences. -1 mark

• Grammar and vocabulary-1 mark

• Mechanics (spelling, punctuation, caps, paragraph)-1 mark

• Clincher-1 mark

• Total 5 marks

Q:0
Leonard Blommfield behaviourist theory emphasizes reinforcement in learning. Sate two ways children
learning a language can be positively reinforced.
D

Marking scheme• Praising the child when they use the correct language forms.
• Repeating the correct language form produced by the child.

• Responding to the child verbally and/or in action when they use the desired forms. For
example, when the child says, “milk” and the mother smiles and gives her some.

(Any 2; 2 marks)