Distributed Topics to Revise
Database Query using SQL
● Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().
● Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING
()/SUBSTR(), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (),
TRIM ().
● Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (),
DAYNAME ().
●Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using
COUNT (*).
● Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.
Self-Practice for All Above Queries
Introduction to Computer Networks
● Introduction to networks, Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN.
● Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway.
● Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.
● Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.
● Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic
web page, web server and hosting of a website.
● Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and
plug-ins, cookies.
Questions on COMPUTER NETWORK
1. Define a Computer network?
A Group of Computers interconnected with each other for sharing of data and resources
is termed as Computer Network.
2. Explain different components of a computer Network.
Host /Node / Workstation
Host or node or workstation refers to the computers that are attached to
a network.
Server
Computer that facilities sharing of data, software, and hardware resources (e.g.
printers, modems etc.) on a network is called server.
Client
A client computer is a computer that can request for some services from a server.
3. Explain different types of computer Networks?
4. What is MODEM?
MODEM stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It is device used to convert analog signal to
digital signal and vice versa. It is basically used to run internet on your computer/device.
5. What is a Hub?
Hub is a device having multiple ports used for
interconnecting multiple computers together.
Hub provides shared bandwidth to all
connected computers.
Hubs are of two types.
i. Active hub : It amplify the signal when it
moves from one computer to
another.
ii. Passive hub: It allows the signal to pass from one computer to another
without any change.
6. What is a Switch?
A switch is a device used to interconnect computers on a network but it
provides dedicated bandwidth to all connected computers.
7. What is a Bridge?
A bridge is a network device used to interconnect two networks that follow same
protocols.
8. What is a Router?
A router is a network device used to interconnect networks having different protocols.
Router forwards data from one computer to another by shortest path.
9. What is a Gateway?
A gateway is a network device used to interconnect dissimilar networks. It establishes an
intelligent connection between local networks with completely different structures.
10. What is a repeater?
Repeater is a network device used to amplify week signal. Signal gets week over long
distance so we need a repeater to restrengthen it.
11. What is Network Topology and its types?
Network Topology is the structure to organize and interconnect computers on a network.
Different types of network topologies are:
i. Bus Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is
connected to single cable.
Advantages
1. Short cable length.
2. It is cost effective.
3. It is easy to add new node.
Disadvantages
1. It is difficult to find and correct errors on network.
2. Only one computer transmits at a time.
3. If one computer is dead, it will make entire network dead.
[Link] Topology
In star topology all the computers are connected to a single hub. This hub is the
central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.
Advantages
1. Centralized control of network.
2. It is easy to find and correct errors.
3. If one computer fails, it will have no effect on other computers on the network.
Disadvantages
1. Long cable length
2. If the hub fails, then the whole network is stopped.
3. Wiring closet is required.
[Link] Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a inverted tree structure.
It is actually extended version of bus topology.
iii. Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology there is no central connection point. Instead, each node is connected to at least
one other node and usually to more than one. Each node is capable of sending messages to and
receiving messages from other nodes.
12. What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide web. It is a collection of protocols required
for transmitting documents on internet.
13. What is URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?
URL is the complete name of a document on a website. It includes the protocol
being used, the address of the web site where the document is located, the sub-
directory and name of the file.
A URL has three parts
Protocol
Domain name server where the page is located
the filename for the page
E.g. [Link]
http is the protocol, [Link] is the domain name server, [Link] is the
filename of a file on the server
14. What is VOIP?
VOIP stands for Voice Over Internet Protocol. It is a technology that allows to
make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular phone
line.
15. What is a Web Browser?
It is a software used to display web pages and web sites. The important web
browsers are
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Google Chrome
16. What is Web Server?
Web Server is a computer that stores web server software and a website’s
component files.
17. What is Web hosting?
It is the process in which a web site is stored on a computer in such a way so that
it should be accessible by other computers through internet.
18. What is Chat?
Chat: Chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time
transmission of text messages from sender to receiver.
19. What is E-Mail.
e-mail: email (or e-mail) is defined as the transmission of messages over communications
networks. Typically the messages are notes entered from keyboard and sent over internet using
computer or mobile.
20. Difference Between Website and WebPage
21. Difference between Static and Dynamic webpage
22. Explain Plug-ins
Plug-ins:- a plug-in (or plugin, add-in, add-on) is a software component that adds a specific
feature to an existing computer program. When a program supports plug-ins, it enables
customization.
23. Explain Add- Ons.
Add-ons( in terms of H/W): An Add-on is either a hardware unit that can be added to a
computer to increase the capabilities or a program unit that enhances primary program. Some
manufacturers and software developers use the term add-on.
Examples of add-ons for a computer include card for sound, graphic acceleration, modem
capability and memory. Software add- ons are common for games, word- processing and
accounting programs.
24. What Are Cookies ?
Cookies :- Cookies are small files which are stored on a user’s computer and contains information
like which Web pages visited in the past, logging details Password etc. They are designed to hold a
Small amount of data specific to a particular client and website and can be accessed by the web server
or the client computer.
Cookies are stored in Hard-drive and are referenced by web browser.