DOMAIN AND RANGE

Therelationshipsand thefunctionsthey describe the interaction between variables that are

linked. These relationships includeindependent values yentries, what are the
variables that can be manipulated by circumstances. Also
includedependent values youtputswhat are the variables determined by the
independent values. There is another pair of components that we must consider.
when we talk about relationships, they are calleddomainyrange.

DOMAIN:

The domain of a function or relation is the set of all values

possible independents that a relationship can have. It is the collection of all the
possible entries.
set of all values for which the function is defined, and the range of
the function is the set of all values that f takes. (In grammar,
I will probably call the domain the replacement set and the range the set.
solution.
In mathematics, the domain (set of definition or starting set) of a
function is the set of its own existence, that is, the values for which
the function is defined. It is the set of all objects it can transform, it
denotes either well.

Domain and range of a function. The domain of a function f(x) is the set of
all the values for which the function is defined, and the range of the function is the
set of all values that f takes. (In grammar, I would probably call it
to the domain the set replacement and to the range the solution set.

RANGO
The range of a function or relation is the set of all dependent values.
possible that the relationship can produce. It is the collection of all possible outputs.

By putting all the inputs and outputs in separate groups, the domain and the range
they allow us to find and explore patterns in each type of variable.

The domain and range of a function are normally limited by the nature of
the relationship. For example, consider the function of time and height that occurs when
You throw a ball into the air and then catch it. Time is the input, height is the
output. The domain is each value of time during the launch, and it starts from
the moment the ball leaves your hand until the moment the ball comes back to
her. The time before you throw her and the time after you catch her is
irrelevant, since the function only applies to the duration of the launch. Let's say
that the ball was in the air for 10 seconds - in that case, the domain is 0-
10 seconds. Since time passes continuously during this interval, it does not
we can write each possible output, just the initial value and the final value.
The range is every height of the ball while it is in the air, and includes all the
heights, from the height of your hand when you threw the ball, to the highest point
reached before it started to fall. If your remote was 3 feet off the ground
when you threw and caught the ball, and the highest distance it reached was 12
feet also with respect to the ground, so the range is from 3 to 12 feet. Since the height
it changes constantly during this interval, we cannot write every possible one
output, only the initial value and the final value.

Now let's look at another example of domain and range, Here is a series of figures, each
one of them formed by squares.

We can create a function from these using the number of the figure as the
input, and the number of frames that make it up as the output.

An input of 1 has an output of 1, since figure 1 has only one square. A

Input of 2 has an output of 5, since figure 2 contains 5 squares. A
input of 3 produces an output of 9, since figure 3 is made up of 9 squares.
The domain of this function is obtained by counting the number of inputs 1, 2, 3 that
they identify each of the figures used. The inputs of this function arevalues
discrete, or values that change in increments and not continuously like the function
from the launch of the ball. There are only 3 figures and therefore the only possible ones
inputs are 1, 2, and 3. Thus, the domain of this function is 1, 2, 3. We can
group this list of values within brackets to indicate that they form a set.

Dominio: {1, 2, 3}

The range is the number of squares in each figure. The figures have only 1, 5, or 9.
squares, and that is the range. There is no figure that has 2 or 3.5 or any other
number of frames. Like the domain, the range is made up of a set of values
discrete.

Rango: {1, 5, 9}

We have limited the entry and exit to 3 each because they only provided us with 3.
figures. What would the notation for the domain and range be if we had been told that the
Would the boss continue indefinitely? Easy! We just add three dots at the end of the
set of values, to indicate that the sequence continues, as follows:

Domain: {1, 2, 3, …}
Rango: {1, 5, 9, …}

Jaime sells homemade cakes for $15 each. The amount of money he earns is
a function of how many cakes it can sell: $0 if it sells none, $15 if it only
Número de productos vendidos (números enteros no negativos)
the function?

A) Dominio: {0, 15, 30, …} Rango: {0, 1, 2, …}

{0, 1, 2, …}
C) Dominio: {0, 1, 2} Rango: {0, 15, 30}
D) Domain: all numbers greater than or equal to 0

Domain and Range: Tables and Sets of Ordered Pairs

Relationships can also be shown as tables or as sets of pairs.

ordered. Finding the domain and range in these situations is simple, as long as
when we remember what the terms mean. If a mathematical relationship
is given in a table, the independent values are generally listed in the
left column, while the dependent values are usually placed in
the right column.

Value Value
Independent
-1 7
2 -3
5 6
9 4

The domain can be found by reading the first column {-1, 2, 5, 9}. The range is
todos los valores de la segunda columna {7, -3, 6, 4}.

When it comes to sets of ordered pairs, we simply need to separate

the pairs in coordinates x y coordinates y. Since the coordinates x make up the
Independent values give us the domain. The coordinates are the values.
dependents, which means they are the range. Let's try it.

In the set of ordered pairs {(-2, 0), (0, 6), (2, 12), (4, 18)}, the domain is
set of the first numbers of each pair (these are the x coordinates): {-2, 0, 2,
4}. The range is the set of numbers that make up the second component of each
by (these are the coordinates): {0, 6, 12, 18}.

{(-2, 0), (0, 6), (2, 12), (4, 18)}

Dominio: {-2, 0, 2, 4}.

Rango: {0, 6, 12, 18}

This table describes how a function of x.

Which of the followinganswerscorrectly describe the value of 2?

A) It is part of the range.

B) It is an output.
C) It is a dependent value.
It is part of the domain.

Domain and Range: Graphs

We can also represent functions and relationships with graphs. The quantity
independent is normally plotted on the horizontal axis (x) - which means that
The points on the x-coordinate are the domain. As the dependent quantity.
Usually, the coordinates are plotted on the vertical axis (y), and the coordinates form the range.
Let's look at some graphs to understand how this works.

First, examine the discrete dot graph. The only values we know
those that satisfy the equation are marked with dots. We simply read the
x, y coordinates are placed in a set of values that represent the domain.
Then we read the coordinates y, and we put them in the range. For this graph, the
dominio es {-2, 0, 2, 4}. Y el rango es {0, 6, 12, 18}.
Now let's look at a different type of graph, in which the function is a continuous line.
that extends indefinitely in both directions. This means that there is a
infinite number of values that are part of the function. For this function, there is no
restrictions for the domain or for the range. Any real number can be a
entry or an exit. This means that all numbers, integers, fractions, and others
rational numbers, including irrational numbers, are part of the domain and part of the
range. Since we cannot write all these possibilities, we simply say
that the domain and the range are all real numbers.

In some situations, only one of the two, the domain or the range, is
restricted. Consider the graph of the absolute value of the function, y = |x|. The
the line extends indefinitely in both directions along the x-axis, for the
that the domain is all real numbers. However, since the value
absolute transforms any negative value into a positive one, there are no values
negatives in the range. The range consists of all real numbers
greater than or equal to 0 — although they are still too many to
write them all.
summary
Functions can be defined using words, symbols, graphs, tables or
sets of ordered pairs, but in each case the characteristics are the same.
The domain is the input, the independent variable - it's what goes into the function. The
range is the output, the dependent value — it is what comes out of the function. The domain and the
ranges can be limited to a few discrete values or can include all
real numbers, to infinity and beyond.

Types of Functions

1. Algebraic:
Algebraic functions satisfy a polynomial equation, whose coefficients
son
polynomials or monomials.
In them we can find:

Polynomial Functions: A polynomial function of degree n is a function of the

form
The global characteristics of a polynomial function are:
a) The domain is lR
b) They do not have asymptotes.
c) The number of intersections with the OX axis is at most the degree of the polynomial, and the
the roots are the real roots of the polynomial.
d) The constant term of the polynomial is the one that indicates the intersection with the Y-axis.

Example:

The domain would be (-∞, ∞)

The range would be (-∞, ∞)

Rational Functions: Rational functions are defined or have their domain

of definition for all values of x that do not nullify the denominator. Always
they relate to a quotient.
A rational function is a function that can be expressed in the form:

a) The domain of definition is all real numbers except the roots of the
denominator.
b) They are discontinuous at the values of x that are the roots of the denominator.
c) They have vertical asymptotes at each root of the denominator that is not of
numerator.
d) It has horizontal asymptotes if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the
denominator.
It has oblique asymptotes if the degree of the numerator is one more than that of the
denominator.

Example:

The domain would be (-∞, -2) ∪ (-2, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)

The range would be (-∞, o]μ [1.2, ∞)

2. Irrational Functions:

A function is irrational if the independent variable is under the radical sign.

Example:

The general characteristics of these functions are:

a) If the index of the radical is even, the domain is the values for which the radicand
is greater than or equal to zero.
b) If the index of the radical is odd, the domain is lR.
c) The range is [0, ∞]

d) It is continuous in its domain and has no asymptotes.

The domain would be (-4, ∞)

The range would be (2, ∞)

3. Transcendent:
A function transcendent is a function that no satisfies a
polynomial equation whose coefficients are also polynomials; this contrasts with
the algebraic functions, which satisfy this equation. In other words,
a transcendental function is a function that transcends algebra in the sense that
it cannot be expressed in terms of an infinite sequence of operations
algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, and extraction of roots.
In them we can find:

Sine Function:

The Sine function is obtained by dividing the opposite side of a right triangle,
between its hypotenuse: the sine is the function obtained by varying the ratio.
mentioned, being one of the transcendent functions.
Example: f(x)=sin(x+3)

The domain would be (-∞, ∞)

The range would be (-1, 1)

Cosine Function:

The Cosine function is obtained by dividing the adjacent leg of a right triangle,
between its hypotenuse:
the cosine is the function that associates a real number x with the value of the cosine of the angle
of amplitude, expressed in radians, x.

Example: f(x)= cos(x²-1)

Serious domain (-∞, ∞)
The range would be (-1,1)

Tangent Function:

The Tangent function is obtained by dividing the opposite side of a right triangle,
between the adjacent leg:
It is defined as the ratio between the opposite side and the adjacent side.
Or also like the relationship between sine and cosine.
Example: f(x) = tan x

Logarithmic:

Logarithmic functions are functions of the type f(x) = log_n x, where a (the base) is a
real number greater than zero and different from 1.
It has the following general characteristics:
a) The domain will be all the values that make the expression inside positive.
logarithm.
b) The route is lR.
c) It always passes through the point (0,1).
It always passes through the point (1, a).
e) If a>1 the function is increasing.
f) If 0<a<1 the function is decreasing.
Example: f(x)= ln(x-1)

The Domain would be

(1, ∞)
The range would be (-∞, ∞)

Exponential.

Exponential functions are functions of the form y=aX, where a is a number.

real positive and different from 1.
The general characteristics of this function are:
a) The domain is lR.
Its range is (0, ∞)
c) The function ALWAYS passes through the point (0,1).
d) The function ALWAYS passes through the point (1.a)
e) If a>0, the function is increasing.
If 0<a<1, the function is decreasing.
Example: f(x) = e
The domain would be (-∞, ∞)
The range would be (0, ∞)