(Raghaveni N V. sociology lect.

Chapter 1. Making of Indian society and Demography

[Link] the correct word.

[Link] racial classification is considered as the most authoritative and widely accepted?

a) B.S. Guha b) G.S. Ghurye c) Herbert Risle d) I.P. Desai

2. Which racial characteristics are found in Kadar and Irula?

a) Nordics b) Negrito c) Maditerraneans d) Mangoloids

3. What race traits do the Onge and Jarwas have?

a) a) Nordics b) Negrito c) Maditerraneans d) Mangoloids

[Link] tribe of Rajmahal Hills has the Negrito trait?

a) Badiga b) Kadar c) Onge d) Jarwa

5. To which race do most of the tribes of central India belong?

a)Nardic b) Mangoloid c) Proto- Australoid d) mediterraneans

6) To which race do the tribes of Himalayan region and North East India belong?

a) Mongoloid b) negrito c) Proto astroloids d) mediterraneans

7. Which ethnic group is closely associated with Dravidian languages and culture?

a) Mangoloid b) negrito c) Proto astroloids d) Mediterranean

8. Which race traits do the Parsis have?

a) Armenoid b) Alpinoid c) Dinaric d) Nordic

[Link] ethnic group made a profound impact on Indian culture and society?

a) Negrito b) Nordic c) Proto astroloids d) mediterraneans

10. Which was the Port town of Indus valley civilization?

a) Ropar b) Lothal c) Mohenjodaro d) Harappa

11. Which is the earliest veda?

a) Rig Veda b) Yajur veda c) Samaveda d) Atharvana veda

[Link] is the Author of Ramayana?

a) Valmiki b) vedavyasa c) kanakadasa d) Manu

13. Who is the Author of Mahabharatha?

a) Valmiki b) Vedavyasa c) kanakadasa d) Manu

14. Who wrote the book ArthaShastra?

a) Valmiki b) vedavyasa c) Koutilya d) Manu

15. Who wrote Manusmriti?

a) Valmiki b) vedavyasa c) Koutilya d) Manu

[Link] European colonial group entered India first?

a) Portuguese b) English c) Dutch d) Arabs

17. Who coined the term ‘Hindu’ to indicate the people of Indus?

a) Portuguese b) English c) Dutch d) Arabs

18. Which religious sect developed in India be adopting elements of Hindu and Islam religions?

a) Sikhs b) Buddhism c) Jainism d) Islam

19. Whose role was most important in shaping the Goan culture in India?

a) Portuguese b) Dutch c) French d)English

20. How many languages are recognized as official languages in the 8th schedule of constitution
of India?

a) 5 b) 15 c) 18 d) 22

[Link] Which language group does kannada belong?

a) Dravida b) Indo-aryan c) European d) Tibeto- Burman

[Link] belongs to ______ linguistic family.

a) Austric b) Indo-Aryan c)euaropean d) Tibeto-Burman

23. Who is the founder of Sikh religion?

a) Buddha b) Gurunanak c) Mahaveera d) Vedavyasa

24. Which is the holy book of Sikh religion?

a)Grantha sahib b) Bhagvadgeetha c) Quran d) Byble

25. When was Kannada language declared as classical languages by government of India?

a) 2000 b)2008 c) 2010 d) 2018

[Link] is the state that separated from Andhra Pradesh?

a) Telangana b) UttaraKhanda c) Jharkhand d) Chattisghada

27. World’s oldest water dispute is about which river?

a) Narmada b) Krishna c) Bhima d) Kaveri

28. Who is the chairman of “Committee for National Integration” in 1961?

a) Dr. Sampurnanda b) B.P. Mandal c) Kakasaheb d) K santanam

29. Who introduced the concept of Demography?

a) Achille guilliard b) Gilin c) Adom Smith d) M.N. Srinivas

30. When was the term Demography introduced by Achille guilliard?

a) 1800 b) 1850 c) 1855 d) 1900

31. What do you mean by the term ‘Demos’?

a) people b) picture c) nation d) area

32. Which year is considered as the year of “ Demographic Divide”?

a) 1921 b) 1931 c) 1941 d) 1951

33. Who is the author of “ Odala thuditakke Kedu ; A study of female feticide”?

a) Manjunatha Adde b) Herbert spencer c) Deshpande d) G. S. Ghurye

34. Which district of Karnataka was selected by the government of India to implement the
programme “Beti padavo Beti bachavo”?

a) vijayapura b) Mandya c) Belagam d) Bengaluru

35. In which year Central government introduced “ Sukanya Samruddhi Yojana”?

a) 22-1- 1815 b) 22-1- 1915 c) 22-1-2005 d) 22-1-2015

36. Which state of India has the lowest child sex ratio?

a) Karnataka b) Punjab c) kerala d) Sikkim

[Link] state of India has the highest child sex ratio?

a) Karnataka b) Punjab c) kerala d) Sikkim

38. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has highest population?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Mangaluru c) Kodagu d) Raichuru

[Link] to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has highest density of population?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Mangaluru c) Kodagu d) Raichuru

40. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has lowest population?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Mangaluru c) Kodagu d) Raichuru

41. when did the first census take place in India?

a) 1867-77 b) 1872-77 c) 1877-82 1882-87

42. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has lowest sex-ratio?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c) Kolar d) Raichuru

43. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has highest sex-ratio?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c) Kolar d) Raichuru

44. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has highest scheduled caste people?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c) Kolar d) Raichuru

45. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has lowest scheduled caste people?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c)Raichur d) Mandya

46. According to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has highest people of scheduled
tribe?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c)Raichur d) Mandya

[Link] to 2011 census which district of Karnataka has lowest people of scheduled tribe?

a) Bengaluru urban b) Udupi c)Raichur d) Mandya

48. Which district of Karnataka has highest literacy rate according to 2011 census?

a) Mandya b) Bengaluru c) Yadagiri d) Dakshina kannada

49. Which district of Karnataka has lowest literacy rate according to 2011 census?

a) Mandya b) Bengaluru c) Yadagiri d) Dakshina kannada

[Link] is the first nation adopted family planning in the world?

a) India b) China c) Pakistan d) America

51. When did India adopt Family planning?

a) 1952 b) 1962 c) 1972 d) 1982

[Link] community has open-class system.

a) Jainas b)Buddhist c) Christ d) Hindu

[Link] this religion there is no practice of untouchability.

a) Jainas b)Buddhist c) Christ d) Hindu

54. This is the language of Jewish.

a)kannada b) Austric c) Hebrew d) hindi.

55. This is not Austric language .

a) Mundari b) Santali c) Mythili d) Bodo

[Link] is not Tibeto-Burman language.

a) Manipuri b)Bodo c)LadaKhi d) Mundari.

II. Fill up the blanks with suitable answers. (answers are given in the bracket).

1. ______ called India as the museum of languages and races ( R.K. Mukharji )
2. Kannada belongs to ______ linguistic family. ( Dravida)
3. The census which was held in ______ in 1970 is the first modern census. ( America)
4. Karnataka retains the____ rank as in 2011 in population among all states of India. ( 7)
5. Family Plan was renamed as ____ in 1977. (Kutumba kalyana).
6. Karnataka accounts for ______ percent of countries population (5.05)
7. The sub-continent of Asia is ________ ( India)
8. Unity implies _________.( one-ness)
9. Parsis came to India from ______. ( Persia)
10. In India totally ____ religious communities are there. (08)
11. The first state of India which demanded for separate nation is ____ (Madras)
12. The first community which demanded for separate Nation is _____ ( Tamil community)
13. Demos means_____ ( people)
14. The Indo-Aryans were basically ____ people.(pastoral)
15. The Indo-Aryans were practiced _____ in marriage. (Endogamy).

[Link] the following ( matched)

1) A B
1. Linguistic survey a) Grierson
2. Demography b) Achille guilliard
3. Racial classification c) B. S. Guha
4. National Integration d) Sampoornanda
5. Odala thuditakke Kedu e) Manjunatha Adde
 2) A B

1. [Link] culture a) Portuguese

2. 2. ULFA b) Assam
3. Khalisthan c) Sikh
4. Madras d) Dravidasthan
5. West Bengal e) Ghoorkha land

3) A B

1. Hanifi School a) sunni muslims

2. Shafi school b)Mapillas and Lakshdweep Muslims
[Link] School c) Gujarat Muslims
[Link] School d) Foreign Muslims
[Link] Law e) Shia muslims

Iv. Answer the following in a word or sentence each.

1, Mention any one ancient name of India?

Bharatha Khanda, Bharatha varsha, Jambu dweepa
2. Name any one racial group of India?
Negrito
3. Which racial features does the Onge tribes of Andaman Island represent?
Negrito
[Link] the ancient civilization of India.
Indus Valley civilization.
[Link] any one city of Indus Valley civilization.
Harappa, Mohenjodaro
[Link] any one ancient name of Hindu religion?
Sanathana Dharma
[Link] any one racial group which has contribution for the growth of Indus valley civilization?
Proto-Australoid, Mediterranean
[Link] the meaning of the term ‘Dvija”.
Twice born
[Link] any one literary source of Hindu religion.
Vedas, Upanishads
10. Mention any one epic of India.
Ramayana, Mahabharatha
11. Mention any one religion which originated in India.
Buddhism, Jainism
[Link] introduced Christianity to India?
St. Bartholomew and St. Thomas
St. Thomas and St. Bartholomew
13. What is meant by Jizyah?
Poll Tax
14. Who are Ashraf?
Original Muslims
15. Who are Ajlaf?
Converted Muslims from lower Hindu castes.
16. Mention any one type of diversity of India.
Regional diversity.
17. Mention any one Indo- Aryan language.
Hindi, Sanskrit
18. Mention any one Dravidian language.
Kannada, Telugu.
19. Mention any one Austric language.
Mundari, Santali.
20. Mention any one Tibeto-Burman language.
Manipuri, Bodo.
21. Mention any one European language .
English, French.
22. Mention any one religious minority group of India.
Parsis, Jews
23. Which is the holy place of Sikhs?
GoIden temple in Amritsar.
24. Mention any one factor that contributes to unity of India.
Regional factor.
25. Mention any one feature of National Integration.
People of a nation develop the sense of we-feeling.
26. Mention any one challenging factor of National integration.
Regionalism communalism
27. Mention any one factor which favors regionalism.
Imbalanced economic plans, regional interest.
28. What is meant by Demography?
Systematic study of population.
29. State the total population of India according to 2011 census.
121 crores.
30. Mention any one feature of demographic profile of India.
Size and growth of population
31. What is the sex-ratio of India as per 2011 census?
940 female to 1000 male.
32. What is the child sex-ratio of India as per 2011 census?
914 female children to 1000 male children.
33. Write any one reason for decline of child sex-ratio.
Female foeticide, misuse of sonogram
34. What is BIMARU? What does it indicate?
Disease in Hindi. It indicates Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
[Link] is the literacy rate of India as per 2011 census ?
74.04%
36. What is population of Karnataka as per 2011 census?
6,10,95,297
37. What is the density of population of Karnataka as per 2011 census?
319
38. What is the sex-ratio of Karnataka as per 2011 census?
973/1000
39. What is the literacy rate of Karnataka as per 2011 census?
75.36%
40. UNPF Expand
United Nations Population Fund
41. TFR Expand.
Total Fertility Rate.
42. Which are the European languages spoken in Goa and Pondicherry?
Portuguese and French.
43. Which languages of India are not recognized by Indian constitution for its official purposes?
Bihari, Rajasthani, Mundari, Ladakhi, KhuKhi.
[Link] Indo-Aryan languges are not recognized by Indian constitution for its official
purposes?
Bihari, Rajasthani.
45. Which Austric languges are not recognized by Indian constitution for its official purposes?
Mundari
46. Which Tibeto-Burman languges are not recognized by Indian constitution for its official
purposes?
LadaKhi, Khukhi.
47. Name the regions that where Jewish are residing more in India.
Mumbai and Cochin
[Link] any one religious community of India.
Hindu, Islam, Christ, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikh, Parsis, Jewish
[Link] any two factors of diversity in India.
Regional diversity, Linguistic diversity.
50. How the term Demography is derived?
The term “Demography” is derived from two Greek words, ‘Demos’ and ‘Graphein’. “Demos”
means ‘people’ and “Graphein” means ‘describe’.

The Questions of Assertion and reasons

[Link]: “ Indian Society is Pluralistic society”.

Reason: I. In India different ethnic stains and linguistic families are there.
II. Different levels of social evolution co-exist in India.
III. Major religions of the world are found in India.
IV. Indus valley civilization is the first civilization of India.
Among the given reasons,
a) Only I is corresct.
b) Both I and II are correct
c) I,II and III also correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
2. Assertion: “Strong ethnic groups opposed to absorb in Aryanizaion”.
Reason: I. They are not economically and politically powerful.
II. They are given Dwija status.
III. They accepted Shudra status.
IV. They did not accept Shudra status as they are economically and politically
powerful.
Among given reasons
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link]: “ Greeks, Huns, Shakas and Huns faced the problems in Aryanization process”.
Reason: I. They were the original people of India.
[Link] had harmony with Aryans.
III. They ruled India.
IV. Since they were outsiders, native refused to accept them.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link]: “Regionalism is increasing gradually in India.”
Reason: I. Result of industrialization and imbalanced economic plans.
II. Industrialization is happening evenly.
III. Economic plans are evenly distributed between states.
IV. There is no disparities between regions.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.

[Link]: “Regionalism has challenged the primacy of nationalistic interests.”

Reason: [Link] National unity.
II. Provide protection to the Nation.
III. Supports separatism.
IV. Instills patriotism.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) I and III are correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link]: “Communalism is a challenge to National integration”.
Reason: I. It unites people.
II. It divides the people in the name of religion.
III. It is the cause to develop the nation.
IV. It has religious tolerance.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.

[Link]: “ India is the museum of languages”.

Reason: I. India has many languages.
II. Hindi is national language in India.
III. English is common language to communicate.
IV. India has given classical status to some languages.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct

[Link]: “ In fact between 1911 and 1921 there was a negative rate of population growth in
India.”
Reason: [Link] influenza epidemic during 1918-1919, 5% of the total population of the country
were died.
II. Birth rate was increased.
III. Death rate was decreased.
IV. The birth and death rate was stable between 1911-1921.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct
9. Assertion: “The year 1921 is considered as the Demographic divide in India.”
Reason:
I. Only birth rate was high before 1921.
II. Only death rate was high before 1921.
III. The population growth rate was not stable after 1921.
IV. The population growth rate was not stable before 1921.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct
10. Assertion: “ India is supposed to be benefitting from a demographic dividend”.
Reason:
I. The number of young people is high in India.
II. The number of old age people is high in India.
III. The total population is high in India.
IV. The number male is high in India.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only II is correct .
c) only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct.
[Link] : “ In India the advantage offered by a young labour force is not being exploited.”
Reason:
I. Levels of education and employment is not increasing.
II. The number of unemployed is less.
III. All youngsters are getting higher education.
IV. There is no poverty in India.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only II is correct .
c) only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link]: “The juvenile or Child sex-ratio is declining in India.”
Reason:
I. Desire for male progeny.
II. Sex specific abortions, female infanticide.
III. Bheti Padavo, Bheti Bacchavo program.
IV. Sukanya Samriddhi Plan.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct.
b) Both I and II are correct .
c) only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct.
[Link]: “The number of urban residents is increasing gradually in India.”
Reason:
I. Modern developmental process are rural centered.
II. The industrial and developmental process of cities decreased the importance of village.
III. The transportation is developing in villages.
IV. Education facility is increasing in villages.
Among given reasons,
a) Only I is correct.
b) only II is correct .
c) only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct.
Select the correct statement:

1. Dwija means,
Statements:
[Link] born
II. Out siders of Indo-Aryan
III. Shudras
IV. origin people of India.
Among the above statements
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link] means,
Statements,
I. Indicates we-feeling.
II. Indicates you-feeling
III. Indicates they-feeling
IV. Indicates collective differences.

Among the above statements

a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link] means,
Statements,
I. Indicates we-feeling
II. indicates equal values
III. national awareness
IV. indicates collective differences among the people, religious, linguistic, and race etc.
Among the above statements
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link] Indian constitution has not recognized these languages in the 8 th schedule for its official
purposes.
I. Bihari, Rajasthani, Mundari, LadaKhi, Khukhi
II. kannada, tamil, telugu,Malayalam
III. Manipuri, Bodo, Mythili, Dogri
[Link], Bengali, Hindi, Kashmiri.
Among the above statements
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct d) Only IV is correct
[Link] in Hindus means,
I. Worshipers of God Vishnu
II. Worshipers of God Shiva
III. Worshipers of Goddess Shakti
Iv. Worshippers of both Vishnu and Shakti
a) Only I is correct b)Only II is correct
c)Only III is correct d) Only IV is correct.

6. Vyshnavas in Hindus means,

I. Worshipers of God Vishnu
II. Worshipers of God Shiva
III. Worshipers of Goddess Shakti
Iv. Not worship Vishnu.
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) Only IV is correct.

[Link] in Hindus means,

Statements: [Link] of Vishnu
[Link] of Shiva
III. worshippers of mother goddess
[Link] of both shiva and Vishnu.
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) Only IV is correct.

[Link] integration means,

Statements: I. Assimillation of all people with common identity.
II. creation of regionalism
III. dividing the nation
[Link] having loyalty to the nation.
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only II is correct.
c) Only III is correct.
d) Only IV is correct.
[Link] means,
Statements: [Link] extreme loyalty to a particular region.
II. indicates interest towards other region.
[Link] national loyalty
[Link] national unity.

a) Only I is correct. b)Only II is correct.

c)Only III is correct d)Only IV is correct
10. Demography,
Statements: I. systematic study of population.
II. census.
III. Studies only structure of population.
[Link] only the people of cities.
a) Only I is correct.
b)Only II is correct.
c)Only III is correct.
d)Only IV is correct

Select the wrong statements ;

[Link] integration;
Statements: I. promotes we-feeling
II. Promotes national loyalty
III. encourages communication.
[Link] does away with divisive forces.
In the above statement,
a) Only I is wrong
b) Only II is wrong
c) Only III is wrong
d) Only IV is wrong
[Link] of regionalism,
[Link] the way to separatism
II. Lead to violent movements
III. threat to National Integration
[Link] creates national integration.
a) Only I is wrong
b) Only II is wrong
c) Only III is wrong
d) Only IV is wrong.
[Link] main aim of NPP is,
[Link] reduce TFR.
[Link] reduce infant mortality rate.
III. contain the spread of AIDS
[Link] increase birth rate.
a) Only I is wrong
b) Only II is wrong
c) Only III is wrong
d) Only IV is wrong.
Select the correct pair:
1. List –I List-II
a) Kot Diji [Link]
b) Kalibangan ii. Sindh (Pakistan)
c) Ropar iii. Rajasthana
d) Lothal iv. Punjab ( India)
a) a-ii b-iii c-iv d-i
b) a-i b-ii c-iii d-iv
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i
2. List-I List-II
a)Achille Guillard [Link]
b)Dravida language [Link]
c)Racial groups [Link] integration
d)Sampurnanda iv. Father of Demography.
a) a-iv b-i c-ii d-iii
b) a-i b-ii c-iii d-iv
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i
3. List-I List-II
a) Negrito i. North and western India
b) Proto Astroloid [Link]-east India
c) Western Brakisefals iii. Central India
d) Mangoloids iv. Andaman
a) a-i b-iii c-iv d-i
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i
4. List-I List-II
a) Bihari, Rajasthani [Link] languages
b) Mundari, Mythili [Link]-Burman languages
c) LadaKhi, Khukhi iii. Austric Languages
d) English, French iv. Indo-Aryan languages.

a) a-iv b-iii c-ii d-i

b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

5. List-I List-II
a)Madras (Tamil community) [Link] land
b)Punjab (Sikh community) ii. Dravidasthan
c)Maharastra [Link]
d)West Bengal iv. Vidarbha
 a) a-ii b-iii c-iv d-i
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

6. List-I List-II
a)Maharashtra [Link]
b)Andra Pradesh [Link]
c) Bihara iii. Gurkhaland
d) West Bengal iv. Telangana
a) a-ii b-iv c-i d-iii
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

7. List-I List-II
a)Demand for separate nation [Link]
b)Demand for separate state-hood ii. Kavery dispute
c)Demand for full fledged state [Link]
d)Inter-state dispute iv. Telangana
a) a-iii b-iv c-i d-ii
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

8. List-I List-II
a) Khlistan oriented
terrorism in Punjab i. identity and inequality
b) Kashmir terrorism ii. class enmity
c) Ulfa terrorism
in Assam iii. Theocratic state
d)Naksal terrorism
in Chattisghad iv. separate identity.

a) a-iii b-iv c-i d-ii

b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

9. List-I List-II
a)Lowest density of population [Link] urban
b)lowest sex-ratio [Link]
c) Lowest SC population [Link]/Coorg
d)lowest ST population iv. Udupi
 a) a-iii b-i c-iv d-ii
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

10. List-I List-II

a) Highest density of polation [Link]
b)Highest sex-ratio [Link]
c)Highest SC population iii. Raichur
d)Highest ST population iv. Kolar
a) a-ii b-i c-iv d-iii
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i
11. List-I List-II
a) Ancient name of India i. DEMARU
b)Challenge to National integration ii. Sikh
c)Religious community [Link] Varsha
d) Fall in sex-ratio iv. Communism
a) a-iii b-iv c-ii d-i
b) a-iv b-ii c-i d-ii
c) a-I b-iii c-ii d-iv
d) a-ii b-iv c-iii d-i

Select the sequence order (sequence, ascending, descenting):

[Link] the sequence order of languages which accorded the status of classical language.
 a)Tamil,Sanskrit,kannada, Malayalam.
b)sanaskrit, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
c)Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Sanskrit.
d) Malayalam, Sanskrit, Kannada, Tamil
(Tamil-2004, Sanskrit-2005, Kannada,Telugu-2008, Malayalam-2013, Oriya-2014)
[Link] BIMARU states in sequence order.
 Bihara, Madhya Prdesh, Rajasthan, Uttara Pradesh
b) Madhya Prdesh Rajasthan Bihara Uttara Pradesh
c) Rajasthan Uttara PradeshMadhya Prdesh Bihara
d) Uttara PradeshMadhya Prdesh Rajasthan Bihara

[Link] the ascending order of the states having lowest sex-ratio in India as per 2011 census.
 a)Punjab, Hariyana, chandigar, Delhi.
b) Hariyana, Punjab, Delhi, Chandigar
c) Chandigar, Hariyana, Punjab, Dehli
d) Punjab, Dehli, Hariyana, Chandigar
( Punjab-793, Hariyana-820, Chandigar-845, Delhi-865)

[Link] descending order of states having highest sex-ratio as per 2011 census.
 a)Sikkim, Kerala, Karnataka, Rajasthana
b) Rajasthana, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim.
c)Kerala, Rajasthana, Karnataka ,Sikkim.
d)Karnataka, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Kerala
( Sikkim-986, Kerala-963, Karnataka-927, Rajasthana-925)

[Link] the ascending order of the highest urbanized districts of karanataka as per 2011
census.
 a)Bengaluru, Dharawad, Dakshina Kannada, Mysuru.
b) Bengaluru,Mysuru, Davanagere, Ballari.
c) Bengaluru,Dakshina kannada, Dharawad, Mysuru
d) Bengaluru, Belgao, Uttara Kannada, Raichur.
( Bengaluru- 90.94, Dhār wad-56.82, Dakshina kannada-47.67, Mysure-41.50)

[Link] ascending order of lowest urbanized districts of Karnataka as per 2011 census.
 a)Kodagu, Koppala, Mandya, Chamarajanagara.
b) Kodagu, Bengaluru, Mandya, yadagiri.
c)Bengaluru, Kodagu. Koppala, ballari
d) Yadagiri, kodagu, Bengaluru, Dharawada
( Kodagu- 1.09%, Koppala- 16.18%, Mandya-17.08%, chamarajanagara-17.14%)

[Link] the sequence order of districts of Karnataka on the basis of population proportions as
per 2011 census.
 a)Bengaluru, Yadagiri, Kodagu, chikkamagaluru
b) Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Chikkamagaluru, Udupi.
c) Bengaluru, kodagu, koppala, yadagiri.
d) Yadagiri, chikka,magaluru, Bengaluru, kodagu.
(Bengaluru-47.18%, Yadagiri-22.81%, Kodagu-1.09%, chikkamagaluru-0.26%)

[Link] the descending order of the districts of Karnataka having highest literacy as per 2011
census.
 a)Dakshina Kannada, Bengaluru, Udupi, Raichur.
b) Udupi, Yadagiri, Bengaluru, Dakshina Kannada
c) Bengaluru, Raichur, Udupi, Dakshina kannada.
d) Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Yadagiri, Bengaluru.
( Dakshina Kannada-88.57%, Bengaluru-87.67%, Udupi-86.89%, Raichur-59.56%)

Two marks questions and answers;

[Link] India is called as culturally pluralistic Society?

Because Indian society is co-existence of numerous cultures within a given society.
[Link] two sub-groups of Mongoloid race.
Paleo-Mongoloid
Tibeto-Mongoloid
3. Mention two sub-groups of Western Brachycephals.
Alpinoid, Dinoric, Armenoid
4. Mention two sub-groups of Indo-Aryans.
Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya.
[Link] any two Dwija groups.
Brahmana, Kshatriya
[Link] 4 varnas of Ancient India.
Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.
[Link] any two obstacles for the Aryanization process.
Tribal groups refused to be absorbed.
Special problems posed by strong ethnic groups.
[Link] any two groups opposed to assimilate in the Aryanization process.
Tribal people
Dominant communities like Marathas.
[Link] 4 vedas.
Rig-veda
Sama-veda
Yajur-veda
Atharvana-veda.
10. Mention any two sects of Hindu Religion.
Shyva, Vyshnava, Shakteya.
11. Mention any two European Colonial groups which entered India.
Portuguese, British
12. Mention any two contributions of Muslims to the Indian culture.
Art and architecture, philosophy, medicine, music.
[Link] is meant by unity?
Unity implies one-ness or a sense of we-ness, common identity and national conscious ness.
14. Mention any two linguistic families of India.
Dravidian , Indo-Aryan.
15. Why India is called as” The museum of languages”?
India is land of many languages, recognized 22 official languages and as many as 1652
languages and dialects are spoken in the country.
16. Mention any two languages recognized by the Indian constitution.
Kannada, Hindi.
17. Mention any two religions of India.
Buddhism, Jainism
[Link] two sects of Buddhism?
Mahayana, Hinayana
19. Name two sects of Jainism.
Shwetambara, Diggambara.
[Link] two sects of Islam.
Shias, Sunnis
[Link] two sects of Christianity.
Roman Catholics, Protestants.
[Link] any two main religious symbols of Sikhism.
Kesha, kanga,
23. What is National Integration?
It refers to the national unity and a sense of belongingness to the nation.
24 Mention any two forms of terrorism as analyzed by Ram Ahuja.
 Khalisthan oriented terrorism in Punjab.
 Militants terrorism in Kashmir.
[Link] any two recommendations of Sampoornanda committee to strengthen National
Integration.
 Re-organization of the syllabi at various levels.
 Conducting community programs such as mass prayers, mass meetings.

[Link] Benjamin’s definition for national integration.

According to Benjamin, “ National Integration refers to the assimilation of the entire people of a
country to common identity.”
27. How is the term “Demography” derived?
The term Demography is derived from two Greek words ‘Demos’ (people) and
‘Grapfen’(describe) implying the description of people.
28. Define demography.
Demography is systematic study of the features of human populations, including their size,
composition and dynamics.
29. Mention the types of demography.
 Formal demography
 Social demography
30. What is meant by formal demography?
It’s object of study to the measurement of population processes, largely quantitative field.
[Link] is meant by social demography?
It focuses on analyses the relationships between social, economic or political aspects of
population.
[Link] is census?
It is the procedure of systematically acquiring social statistics and recording information about
the members of a given population.
[Link] is demographic dividend?
It refers to population advantage due to numerical domination of the young population in the
country.
34. What is dependency ratio?
Children less than 14 years and people above 65 years are considered as to be dependent on
the rest of the population. This is called as dependency ratio.
35. What is meant by ‘Sex-ratio’?
Number of females per 1000 males.
[Link] is DEMARU?
D- stands for daughter and MARU stands for killing and E will denote elimination.
[Link] any two Demaru states.
Punjab, Hariyana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat.
[Link] is linguism?
Linguism implies one-sided love and admiration towards one’s language and a prejudice and
hatred towards other’s language.
[Link] is communalism?
Antagonist feeling of one religious group to another because of ideological differences and
practices.
[Link] is regionalism?
An extreme loyalty or love towards a particular region which instigate separatist and violent
act.
41. Write two effects of regionalism.
 The demand for separate nation.
 Demand for a separate statehood.
42. Name any two languages of India which has classical status?
Kannada, Telugu, Tamil.
[Link] is extremism?
Extremism refers to the readiness on the part of an individual or group to go to any extreme
even to resort to undemocratic, violent and harmful means to fulfill one’s objectives.

5 and 10 marks questions and answers.

[Link] Indian society is pluralistic society. Explain.

India has a long history of five thousand years. Indus valley civilization is its first known
civilization. During this long period several ethnic strains and linguistic families migrated and
merged into Indias population. It resulted diversity, richness and vitality in India.
Different levels of social evolution co-exist in contemporary India. Premetive hunters, food
gatherers, shifting cultivators, nomads, settled agriculturists, artisans, aristocrasies of ancient
lineage.
Most of the major religions of the world like Hindu, Islam, Christianity Jaina, Buddhism are
found here with their variety of beliefs and rituals.
Added to these the modern academic, bureaucratic, industrial and scientific elites we will find
the past, the present and the future living together.
Thus Indian society became pluralistic acquiring composite culture in the process of its
evolution.

[Link] the racial groups classified by [Link].

B.S. Guha classified 6 major racial grops in India. They are, [Link]
[Link]-Austroloid
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] Brachisephals
[Link].
[Link];-
This race traits are identified in the Kadar, the Irula in the south. The Onge and Jarwas of the
Andamanese and the Angami naga and Badigas of the Rajamahal hills.
2. Proto-Austroloid;-
This race is numerically more important. These groups were called by Aryans as Dasa, Dasyu
and Nishad. Most of the tribes of middle India belong to this race.
3. Mongoloid;-
This race sub-divided as , 1. Paleo-Mongoloid
[Link]-Mongoloid.
This tribal groups are found in the Himalayan region and North-East States, Assam, Manipur,
Tripura etc.
4. Mediterranean;-
This Race is associated with Dravidian language and culture.
[Link] Brachisephals;-
This race is sub-divided into 3 groups 1. Alpinoid
[Link]
[Link]
The Parsis belong to Armenoid group.
[Link].
Aryans belong to this race. They were last major ethnic race to enter India. They were a
pastoral people and had elaborate rituals.

[Link] a short note on Aryanization.

Indo-Aryans came from middle Asia to India. They were pastrol people with a flair for
poetry,
philosophical speculation and elaborate rituals. They regarded themselves as superior and
used the derogatory words like Dasa, dasyu, Nishad to the inhabitants of the land and
maintained distance with them. They practiced endogamy.
Later the Indo-Aryas were emerging orfrom pastoralism to agricultural economy. P they
began to compromise with the inhabitants. Gradually the interaction between the Indo-Aryans
and the earlier inhabitants increased. The ideoalogical and social framework of Indian society
began taking shape.
The Indo-Aryans were divided into 3 groups having ‘Dvija’ means ‘twice born’ status.
‘Rajanya, Brahmana, Vyshya’. The Shudras were fourth group and denied dvija status. There
were another fifth group called ‘Pancham’ whose ethnic status was very low and their
occupations degraded.
In the earlier Phase of Aryanization , cultural conflict and compromise were taken place. The
Indo-Aryans were gradually emerging from pastoralism to agricultural economy. Sme kind of
synthesis taken place between Indo-Aryans and inhabitants. Non-Aryans began to adopt some
elements of Indo-Aryan ritual and their philosophy. Pluralism was being stabled and a cultural
mosaic being formed.

4. Write major difficulties in the process of Aryanization.

There are 3 major difficulties in the process of Aryanization.
a) Tribal groups refused to be absorbed.
b) Special problems posed by strong ethnic groups
c) Later waves of immigrants.
a)Tribal groups refused to be absorbed;-
some tribal groups refused to be absorbed and chose to recede to inaccessible forests and
hills. Many of them still maintain their separate identities.
b)Special problems posed by strong ethnic groups;-
Some strong ethnic groups like Reddy in Andhra Pradesh, the Nair in Kerala, the Marathas in
Maharashtra posed special problems regarding assimilation. They were economically and
politically powerful to be given Shudra status. They were not formally recognized dvija status.
Finally they obtained to near Kshatriya status.
c)Later waves of immigrants;The Greeks, Shakas, Huns,Kushanas were later immigrants and
held power for long periods, settled down in India. Though they were willing to absorb, the
natives refused to accept them since they were outsiders.

[Link] the development of Christianity and Islam in India.

St. Thomas and Bartholomew have introduced christianity to India in A.D.50. It was
introduced in Kerala at first. There were 50 settlements, several churches in Kerala. The Kalyan
near Bombay merged as a major centre of Christians. When [Link] Xavier landed in Goa in
1542, there were 14 churches.
Roberto De Nobile, the Italian Jesuit, came to India in 1605. He used some techniques to
convert the people into Christianity like, dressed like a sanyasi, communicated with the people
in Tamil and Sanscrit. He converted nearly 1,50,000 people.
Later, Christian missionaries continued the work through providing educational and medical
services. Now in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and North-eastern states majority of the Christians are
found.
Islam in India.

By 8th century A.D. Islam entered India by peaceful methods. The rulers in India like Balhara,
Zamorin of Malabar encouraged them to settle in Anhilwara, Calicut and Quilon. They married
non-muslim women. It emerged new communities in muslim like Nawait, Mapilla and Labbais.
Some Muslim rulers forcefully Islamizing the people into islam. Jizyah and Kharaj were
imposed on who resis it. Three options were open to non-muslims under Islamic rule,
[Link] embras Islam and accept Muslim rule.
[Link] Dhimmis and pay jizyah and Kharaj
3. fight
Later, Islam was being Indianized, in the process it acquired some distinctive characteristics
in India. In the realms of art and architecture, philosophy and religion,medicine another secular
knowledge there was considerable interchange. A composite culture was gradually evolved.

[Link] diversity and explain types of diversity in India.

Diversity denote ‘collective differences among the people.’
There are major 4 types of diversities in India. They are 1. Regional diversities
[Link] diversities
[Link]
[Link] diversities
1. Regional diversities;
India is vast country. There are difference in altitude, temperature, flora nd founa. It has every
conceivable type of climate, temperature and physical configuration. There is the scorching
heat of Rajasthan and biting cold of Himalayas, wettest ,driest areas in the world deserts fertile
river plains also in India.
[Link] diversities;
Linguistic diversity is sometimes a specifiv measure of the density of language or concentration
of unique languages together. It contributes to collective identities and even to conflicts.
[Link] called India as “Musium of languages” In India as many as 1652 languages are spoken.
Our constitution has recognized 22 languages. As per Grierson’s Linguistic Survey of India
languages of India belong to 5 linguistic families. They are,
1) The Indo-Aryan Languages.;-
Sanscrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Kashmiri etc languages spoken by ¾ of Indian population.
2) The Dravidian Languages.
They include Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam and their sub-languages.
3) The Austric languages include Mundari, Santhali , Dogri etc.
4) Tibeto-Burman languages;- Tribal languages and dialects of North and North-East India.
Ex;- Manipuri, Bodo,
5) The Europen languages; include English Portuguese and French.
Linguistic diversity has posed administrative and political challenges.
3. Religious diversity;
Religious diversity is the fact that there are significant differences in religious belief and
practice.
In India there are 8 major religious communities, Hindu, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists,
Jains, Zoroastrians, Jews.
Hinds subdivided as haivite, vaishnavaite and shakta. Sunni and Shia in muslim, Roman
Catholic and protestant in Christians, Mahayana and Hiragana in Buddhism, Shwetamba and
Digambara in Jains, are the sub groups. Every religion has its own Gods, Holy books, religious
rites. Thus religious diversity is there in India.
4. Cultural and Ethnic diversity.
Difference in the soial habits of people is called cultural diversity. It varies from state to state.
There is difference in culture , modes of life beliefs, morals, food, dress, social norms customs,
rituals etc.
Ethnic diversity means having a wide variety of racial, cultural and linguistic characters, In
India mainly 6 kinds of racial groups are there . Each race has its own distinct physical and
cultural differences.
Thus diversity is there in India. So India is called as ‘Sub-continent’ of Asia.

[Link] is Unity? Explain the factors of Unity in India.

Unity implies one-ness or we-ness, common identity and national consciousness.
The factors of unity in India are as follows.
1) Regional Unity.
From ancient, India is having a geographical unity. Previously this country called as
Bharatavarsha, Bharata Khanda, or Bharata. From North Himalaya to South Kanyakumari ruled
by Bhrata and more over the concept of mother India indicate the geographical and historical
unity of the country.
2) Cultural Unity;-
Indians are well identified with cultural perspectives like, art and architecture, literature, dress
and food habits etc. Modern education and the development of transport and technology
provided new form of unity.
3)Linguistic Unity
In India more than 1652 languages are spoken. Most of the Indian languages are rooted in
common base like Sanskrit and Dravidian languages . Hindi is national language and English is
used as language of communication.
4)Religious Unity.
In India we witness major religious and many cults. But the religious values and ideologies
like concept of rebirth, the doctrine of karma, salvation etc. are having similar perspectives.
Many religious after long assimilation with India, they all Indianized and acquired characteristics
of ,local traditions.
M.N. Srinivas observed, heterogeneous group of ethnics and cults are into the one religious
society.

[Link] National Integration. Explain the Nature of National Integration.

According to Benjamin “National Integration refers to the assimilation of the entire people of
a country to a common identity.”
The nature of National Integration;
1) In the process of national integration, people of nation develop the sense of we-feeling
and are unified.
2) The concept of national loyalty supersedes all other types of affiliation and becomes the
prime objective.
3) It does away with divisive forces and disintegrating tendencies.
4) It covers the entire gamut of political, social, cultural and economical aspects and their
integration.
5) The broader objective of national integration has been the attainment of ideological goals
such as secularism and democracy.

[Link] the challenges to National integration.

There are many challenges to National integration. They are, [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] and terrorism.
[Link];-
It refers to an extreme loyalty of love to a particular region. It undermine the interest of the
nation. India is a nation with wide regional differences. Imbalanced economic plan led the
regionalism. It lead to separatism and violent movements. It assume mainly 4 forms.
1) The demand for separate nation.
It is the demand for separate from the Indian Union. Ex;- Tamil community of the state of
Madras.
2) Demand for a separate state hood;
Ex; demand for Telangana from Andhra Pradesh.
3)Demand for full fledged state hood;
Ex; Delhi
4)Inter-state disputes;
Ex; Kaveri water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
2. Communalism;-
It is the antagonism practiced by the members of one community against the other religious
community. Bipin Chandra says that communalism is the product of a particular society,
economy and polity which creates problems. Communalism is a threat to national integration
nd it divides people on communal and religious lines.
3. Linguism;-
It implies one sided love and admiration towards one’s language and a prejudice and hatred
towards other’s languages.
India is a land of many languages. The diversity of languages led to linguism. Violent
movements posing threat to national integration. Linguistic tensions are prevailing in the
border areas which are bilingual.
[Link] and terrorism;-
Extremism refers to the readiness on the part of an individual or group to go to any extreme to
fulfill one’s objectives. India has faced such problem in Nagaland(1951), Mizoram(1966).
Terrorism in India is essentially the creation of politics. Prof. Ram Ahuja analyzed 4 types of
terrorism in India.
(1) Khalistan oriented terrorism- it is Sikh terrorism for separate nation.
(2) Militants terrorism in Kashmir- Kashmiris for their separate identity.
(3) Naxalite terrorism-in West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh etc.
based on class enmity.
(4) ULFA terrorism- in Assam based on the identity crisis and grievance conditions.
All these factors are posing challenges to National unity and integration.

[Link] the manifestation of regionalism.

Regionalism refers to an extreme loyalty to a particular region.
The manifestation of regionalism is as follows.
1) The demand for separate nation;-
It is the first and most challenging form of regionalism. It demands to separate from the
Indian Union. Ex. Madras state demanded for the separation from India and for making
it independent ‘Dravida Stan’. Sikhs demanded for Khalistan, liberation of Jammu and
Kashmir, secessionist movement in North-Eastern state, demand for separate nation.
2) Demand for a separate state hood;-
Recently some states of Indian Union demand for separate statehood like,
Vidarbha states-Maharashtra
Telangana- Andhra Pradesh
Bundel Khand- M.P and U.P
3) Demand for full fledged statehood.
Union territories demanded for the full fledged statehood. Ex; Delhi.
4) Inter-state disputes;-
The disputes between state like Karnataka and Maharashtra, Punjab and Haryana
regarding border territory. Kaveri water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
The above are the manifestation of regionalism.
11. Briefly explain the Dr. Sampurnananda committee recommendations to strengthen
National integration.

The Central Education Ministry organized a ‘Committee for National Integration’ in

1961. Under the chairmanship of Dr. Sampurnananda. The committee
recommendations are as follows,
1) Re-organization of the syllabi at various levels –Primary, secondary, college and
university levels to promote national integration.
2) Giving encourage to extra curricular activities besides imparting formal knowledge
to the students with the intension of promoting national unity.
3) Improvements of text books helps a great deal in giving a true national perspective
to the students. They can be made to understand their rich cultural heritage and
feel proud of their nation.
4) Conducting community programs such as mass prayers , mass meetings, speeches by
leaders etc. to help to bring the people together.
5) Action- based programs by mass medias, associations to enhance awareness.

[Link] the major features of Demographic profile of India.

India is in 2nd place in the world in population. The major characteristics of the demographic
profile of India are, 1. Size and growth of India’s population.
2. Age structure of the Indian population
3. Increasing literacy rate of Indian population
4. Birth rate and death rate
[Link]-ratio in India
6. Increasing Rural- Urban differences.
, 1. Size and growth of India’s population.
According 2011 census , India’s population was 121 crores. India is the second most
populated country. The growth rate of population between 1901-1951 was 1.33%. Between
1911 and 1921 there was a negative growth rate of 0.03%. Hence the year 1921 is considered
as ‘demographic divide’ of India. After 1921 the growth rate is increasing and stable.
2. Age structure of the Indian population
India is considered as one of the youngest country in the world. Because the average age of
every Indian was 29 years old in 2020. In India by 1971, the less than 15 age group was 42%
and it reduced to 29% in 2011. The 15-60 age group has increased from 53% to 63%. The 60+
age group increased from 5% to 8%.
The young population is 63% in India. By giving proper education , employment, demographic
dividend can be utilized for the progress of the nation.
3. Increasing literacy rate of Indian population
The 2011 census indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%. Literacy varies
considerably across, gender, regions and social groups.
The literacy rate for women is almost 22% less the men’s literacy rate. But female literacy
rate has been rising faster than male literacy. During 2001-2011 female literacy rate increased
about 11.2% at the same time male literacy rate raised only 6.2%.
4. Birth rate and death rate
 After 1921-1931 decade there is change found in the population of India. Before 1931 there
was high birth rate and death rate. During 1921 the death rate was high due to plague, cholera
epidemics etc. Before 1921 the population growth rate was not stable. After 1921 the
population growth rate is increasing. So 1921 is called as “ demographic divide of India”. After
1931 due to medical facilities the death rate declined . But the rate of birth rate is increasing
continuously.
[Link]-ratio in India
The sex-ratio is an important indicator of gender balance in the population. The number of
females per 1000 males is called sex-ratio.
As per 2011 census the sex-ratio in India is 940. The child sex-ratio has fallen to 914. Desire
for male progeny, female feticide, sex selective abortions, misuse of sonogram led to decline of
child sex- ratio.
[Link] Rural- Urban differences.
One of the important demographic features of India is Rural- Urban differences. As per2011
census
68.8% population is living in rural areas. The migration from villages to urban areas for
education, employment, entertainment etc is increasing. There is an increase about 17.3 in
1951 to 31.2% in 2011 in urban population. It affects on agrarian –rural way of life and also it
declines the social significance of villages .
The above are the features of demographic profile of India.

13. What is demographic dividend? How it can be utilized?

Demographic dividend refers to population advantage which is obtained due to numerical
domination of the young people in the population. It is as advantage due to less dependency
ratio.
It can be utilized by the following ways.
1. By providing education, training and employment to the youth, the dividend can be
utilized.
2. To increase the level of employment must increase industries and employments,
through that can get benefits of dividend.
3. Proper utilization of natural resources by youth as helpful to achieve the progress of
nation.
4. By encouraging the youth to work and to do savings, through that supporting the
economic progress of the nation.
Young labor force should not be exploited. So by giving education and employment have
to find a way forward to utilize ‘dividend’

14. Explain BIMARU and DEMARU.

BIMARU;- BIMARU WAS COINED BY Ashish Bose in the mid 1980s. BIMARU indicates Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Hindi BIMARU means ‘ sick’. These BIMARU
states accounted for39% of India’s population and 48% of the total illiterate population.
DEMARYU;-
‘D’ stands for Daughter , and MARU stands for killing. ‘E’ denotes elimination. Punjab, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat are DEMARU states. It indicates declining the juvenile sex-ratio.
These states are in practice of feticide, sex specific abortions, female infanticide, misuse of pre-
natal diagnostic test, patriarchal culture are in these states.
Punjab has the lowest child sex ratio of 793. The highest child sex-ratio of 986 is found in
Sikkim. In Karnataka it is 914 as per 2011 census.

15. Explain the Demographic profile of Karnataka.

[Link] and growth.
Karnataka stands in 7th place in its area in India. It accounts for 5.05% of country’s population.
As per 2011 census it has 6.10 crore population with 3.09 crore males and 3.01 crore females.
2. Rural and urban population.
As per 2011 census 61.33% population is living in villages and 38.67% rest in urban areas.
Bengaluru District has 90.94% of urban resident population. Kodagu is least populated district
with 0.91%.
3. Sex -ratio;
It was 965 in 2001 and raised to 973 in 2011. The highest sex_ratio 1094 is recorded in Udupi
and lowest of 916 is recorded in Bengaluru urban.
[Link].
The number of persons for every square km area is called the density of population.
Bengaluru urban has highest density of 2,985 persons and lowest density recorded in Coorg
of 134.
[Link] caste population.
The schedules caste population constitutes 17.15 % of the total population of the state.
The highest proportion of scheduled caste population is in Kolar district with 30.32% , Udupi
is recorded least SC population with 6.41%.
[Link] tribe population.
The ST population constitute 6.95% of the total population of the state. The highest ST
population is in Raichur district (19.03%) and the least proportion is recorded in Mandya district
1.24%.
[Link] rate in Karnataka.
As per 2011 census the literacy rate of Karnataka is 75.36%. Dakshina kannada district is in top
position having 88,57% of literacy where as Yadgiri is in lowest position having 51.83%.
This is about demographic profile of Karnataka .

[Link] the National Population policy of India.

The Population policy of India decides the development of the nation , health and well being of
its people.
India is the first country to adopt ‘ family planning’ policy in 1952, In 1977 it has renamed as “
Family welfare “. The major objectives of family planning are,
1. To increase individual happiness,
2. To enhance health of the society.
The object of NPP-2000 is to bring the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement levels by
2010. Its goals are as follows,
1. Reduce infant mortality rate.
2. Reduce maternal mortality rate
3. Achieve universal immunization of children against all preventable diseases.
4. Achieve institutional deliveries by trained persons.
5. Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths marriage and pregnancy.
6. Prevent control communicable deceases.
7. Promote the small family norm to achieve TFR.
8. Contain the spread of AIDS.
9. Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health services and
infrastructures.
10. Make school education up to age 14 free and compulsory and reduce drop-outs at
primary and secondary levels.
11. Achieve universal access to information and services for fertility regulation and
contraception.
12. To take appropriate steps to make family welfare program a people centered
program.
UNPF= United Nations Population Fund.

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