Unit II
Computational Thinking and
Programming – 1
(PART – 10 [lists]
CLASS XI COMPUTER SCIENCE
CODE 083
Topics Covered
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• Lists: Introduction,
• Indexing,
• list Operations (concatenation, repetition, membership &
slicing)
• Traversing a list using loops
• Built-in functions: len(), list(), append(), extend(),
insert(), count(), index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(),
sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum();
• Nested lists
Lists SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
INTRODUCTION
• The data type list is an ordered sequence which is mutable and made
up of one or more elements.
• Unlike a string which consists of only characters, a list can have
elements of different data types, such as integer, float, string, tuple or
even another list.
• Elements of a list are enclosed in square brackets and are separated by
comma.
EXAMPLE
• list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]
• list2 = ['a','e','i','o','u']
• list3 = [100,23.5,'Hello']
INDEXING
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• Each individual elements in a lists can be accessed using a technique
called indexing.
• The index specifies the element to be accessed in the list and is written
in square brackets ([ ]).
• The index of the first element (from left) in the string is 0 and the last
character is n-1 where n is the length of the string.
EXAMPLE
list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]
list1[0] #return first element of list1
Output - 2
LIST OPERATIONS SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
Concatenation.
• Python allows us to join two or more lists using concatenation operator
depicted by the symbol +.
list1 = [1,3,5,7,9]
list2 = [2,4,6,8,10]
Print(list1 + list2)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
Repetition
• Python allows us to replicate a list using repetition operator depicted
by symbol *.
list1 = ['Hello']
list1 * 4
['Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello']
Membership operation SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
IN
Like strings, the membership operators in checks if the element is present in the
list and returns True, else returns False.
list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue']
'Green' in list1
True
NOT IN
The not in operator returns True if the element is not present in the list, else it
returns False.
list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue']
'Cyan' not in list1
True
Slicing Operation SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• Like strings, the slicing operation can also be applied to lists.
Example
#positive indexes
list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta','Yellow','Black']
list1[2:6]
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow']
#negative indexes
#elements at index -6,-5,-4,-3 are sliced
list1[-6:-2]
['Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta']
Traversing operation SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• We can access each element of the list or traverse a list
• using a for loop or a while loop.
Example
(A) List Traversal Using for Loop:
list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow','Black']
for item in list1:
print(item)
Another way of accessing the elements of the list is using range() and len() functions:
for i in range(len(list1)):
print(list1[i])
Traversing operation SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• We can access each element of the list or traverse a list
using a for loop or a while loop.
Example
(B) List Traversal Using for while loop :
list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow','Black']
i=0
while i < len(list1):
print(list1[i])
i += 1
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• len() - Returns the length of the list passed as the argument
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
>>> len(list1)
5
• list() -Creates an empty list if no argument is passed
>>> list1 = list()
>>> list1
[]
Creates a list if a sequence is passed as an argument
>>> str1 = 'aeiou'
>>> list1 = list(str1)
>>> list1
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• append() - Appends a single element passed as an argument at the end
of the list. The single element can also be a list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> [Link](50)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> [Link]([50,60])
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, [50, 60]]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• extend() - Appends each element of the list passed as argument to the
end of the given list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30]
>>> list2 = [40,50]
>>> [Link](list2)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• insert() - Inserts an element at a particular index in the list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
>>> [Link](2,25)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50]
>>> [Link](0,5)
>>> list1
[5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• count() Returns the number of times a given element appears in the
list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,10,40,10]
>>> [Link](10)
3
• index() Returns index of the first occurrence of the element in the list.
If the element is not present, ValueError is generated
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,20,40,10]
>>> [Link](20)
1
>>> [Link](90)
ValueError: 90 is not in list
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• remove() Removes the given element from the list. If the element is
present multiple times, only the first occurrence is removed.
• If the element is not present, then ValueError is generated
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,30]
>>> [Link](30)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 40, 50, 30]
>>> [Link](90)
ValueError:[Link](x):x not
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• pop() - Returns the element whose index is passed as parameter to this function
and also removes it from the list.
• If no parameter is given, then it returns and removes the last element of the
list
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> [Link](3)
40
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 50, 60]
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> [Link]()
60
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• sort() Sorts the elements of the given list in-place
>>>list1 = ['Tiger','Zebra','Lion','Cat', 'Elephant' ,'Dog']
>>> [Link]()
>>> list1
['Cat', 'Dog', 'Elephant', 'Lion','Tiger', 'Zebra']
>>> list1 = [34,66,12,89,28,99]
>>> [Link](reverse = True)
>>> list1
[99,89,66,34,28,12]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• reverse() Reverses the order of elements in the given list
>>> list1 = [34,66,12,89,28,99]
>>> [Link]()
>>> list1
[ 99, 28, 89, 12, 66, 34]
>>> list1 = [ 'Tiger' ,'Zebra' ,'Lion' , 'Cat' ,'Elephant' ,'Dog']
>>> [Link]()
>>> list1
['Dog', 'Elephant', 'Cat', 'Lion', 'Zebra', 'Tiger']
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• sorted() It takes a list as parameter and creates a new list consisting of
the same elements arranged in sorted order
>>> list1 = [23,45,11,67,85,56]
>>> list2 = sorted(list1)
>>> list1
[23, 45, 11, 67, 85, 56]
>>> list2
[11, 23, 45, 56, 67, 85]
Built-in Functions SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• min() Returns minimum or smallest element of the list
• max() Returns maximum or largest element of the list
• sum() Returns sum of the elements of the list
>>> list1 = [34,12,63,39,92,44]
>>> min(list1)
12
>>> max(list1)
92
>>> sum(list1)
284
Nested List SUBSCRIBE HAMARI ACADEMY ON YOUTUBE
• When a list appears as an element of another list, it is called a nested list
>>> list1 = [1,2,'a','c',[6,7,8],4,9]
#fifth element of list is also a list
>>> list1[4]
[6, 7, 8]
• To access the element of the nested list of list1, we have to specify two indices list1[i][j].
The first index I will take us to the desired nested list and second index j will take us to
the desired element in that nested list.
>>> list1[4][1]
7
#index i gives the fifth element of list1 which is a list
#index j gives the second element in the #nested list
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