Here are clear, complete, and Class 10–level grammar notes on “Pronoun” — written in British
English, with examples, Urdu meanings, and useful idioms.
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PRONOUN
1. Definition
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples:
Ali is my friend. He is very kind.
The students said they were tired.
Explanation:
The words he and they are pronouns because they are used instead of Ali and students.
Urdu: ضمیر وہ لفظ ہے جو اسم کی جگہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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2. Characteristics of Pronouns
1. They replace nouns in a sentence.
2. They must agree with their nouns in number, gender, and person.
3. They make writing less repetitive and more fluent.
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3. Types of Pronouns
Type Definition Examples Urdu Meaning
1. Personal Pronoun Refers to specific persons or things. I, we, you, he, she, it, they ذاتی
ضمیر
2. Reflexive Pronoun Refers back to the subject of the sentence. myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, themselves انعکاسی ضمیر
3. Emphatic Pronoun Used for emphasis (same form as reflexive pronoun). I myself did it.
تاکیدی ضمیر
4. Demonstrative Pronoun Points out specific persons or things.this, that, these, thoseاشارہ
کرنے والے ضمیر
5. Interrogative Pronoun Used to ask questions. who, whom, whose, which, what
سوالیہ ضمیر
6. Relative Pronoun Joins two sentences and relates to a noun mentioned before. who,
whom, whose, which, that موصولی ضمیر
7. Indefinite Pronoun Refers to persons or things in a general or indefinite way. someone,
anyone, each, none, everybody, few, many غیر معین ضمیر
8. Distributive Pronoun Refers to persons or things one at a time. each, either, neither
تقسیم کرنے واال ضمیر
9. Reciprocal Pronoun Expresses mutual action or relationship. each other, one
another باہمی ضمیر
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4. Personal Pronouns in Detail
PersonSingular Plural Urdu Meaning
1st Person (Speaker)I, me, my, mine we, us, our, ours بولنے واال
2nd Person (Listener)you, your, yours you, your, yours سننے واال
3rd Person (Talked about) he, she, it, him, her, his, hersthey, them, their, theirs جس کے
بارے میں بات ہو رہی ہے
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5. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
Form Use Example Urdu Meaning
Reflexive When the subject and object are the same. He hurt himself. اس نے خود کو
زخمی کیا۔
Emphatic To emphasise the subject. He himself told me the truth. اس نے خود مجھ سے سچ
کہا۔
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6. Demonstrative Pronouns
Used to point out things.
Word Use Example Urdu Meaning
This Singular, near This is my pen. یہ
That Singular, far That is your car. وہ
These Plural, near These are my books. )یہ (جمع
Those Plural, far Those are stars. )وہ (جمع
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7. Interrogative Pronouns
Used for asking questions.
Word Use Example Urdu Meaning
Who Subject (for people) Who came here? کون
Whom Object (for people) Whom did you see? کسے
WhosePossession Whose pen is this? کس کا
Which ChoiceWhich is your bag? کون سا
What Thing What is your name? کیا
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8. Relative Pronouns
Used to join two clauses and refer back to a noun.
Pronoun Used for Example Urdu Meaning
Who Persons (subject) The man who helped you is my uncle. جو
Whom Persons (object) The boy whom you met is my friend.جسے
WhosePossession The girl whose book is lost is crying. جس کا
Which Animals/thingsThe car which I bought is new. جو
That Persons, animals, or things The book that I read was interesting. کہ/ جو
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9. Indefinite Pronouns
Refer to things or people in general.
Examples:
someone, anyone, everyone, none, few, many, several, all, each
Sentences:
Someone knocked at the door.
None of them was present.
Urdu: ہر ایک وغیرہ، کچھ، سب،کوئی
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10. Distributive Pronouns
Refer to persons or things one at a time.
Each of the boys got a prize.
Either of you can go.
Neither of them was late.
Urdu: کوئی بھی نہیں، کوئی ایک،ہر ایک
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11. Reciprocal Pronouns
Used to show mutual action.
Ali and Ahmed love each other.
The players blamed one another.
Urdu: ایک دوسرے کو
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12. Common Errors
❌ He hurt him.
✅ He hurt himself.
❌ Each of the boys have done their work.
✅ Each of the boys has done his work.
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13. Functions of Pronouns in Sentences
Function Example Urdu Meaning
Subject She is dancing. وہ ناچ رہی ہے۔
Object I saw her. میں نے اسے دیکھا۔
Possessive This is their house. یہ ان کا گھر ہے۔
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14. Practice Exercise
Identify the pronouns:
> They told me that I should help them.
Answer: They, me, I, them
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15. Useful Idioms and Phrases Related to Pronouns
1. Each to his own – everyone has their own taste.
()ہر شخص کی اپنی پسند ہوتی ہے
2. By oneself – alone or without help.
( خود سے،)اکیال
3. For one’s sake – for someone’s benefit.
()کسی کی خاطر
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Would you like me to make a visual mind map of “Pronoun and its types” (with examples + Urdu
meanings) just like I made for Noun?
It will be excellent for Class 10 grammar notes and revision.