STATE EDUCATION POLICY- 2024-25

(SEP‐2024)

BOTANY SYLLABUS
of 1st to 4th Semester
********
Submitted to

Davangere University
Davangere-577 007
 Bachelor of Science ([Link].) Semester Scheme
Curriculum Structure for Undergraduate Programme for 2024-25
Sl. Course/ Title of the paper Subject Teaching Semester End Internal
No. Paper Code Category  Hours/week Exam. Assessm
Semester-I
1. MC-I Diversity of Microorganisms and MC-T 04 80 20
Thallophytes
Practical-I Diversity of Microorganisms and MC-P 04 40 10
Thallophytes
Total 08 120 30
Semester-II
2. MC-II Diversity of Non-flowering Plants MC-T 04 80 20
Practical-II Diversity of Non-flowering Plants MC-P 04 40 10
Semester-III
3. MC-III Histology, Plant Anatomy, Embryology MC-T 04 80 20
and Palynology 
Practical-III Histology, Plant Anatomy, Embryology MC-P 04 40 10
and Palynology
Elective/ Landscaping and Gardening  EL/OP-I 02 40 10
Optional-I*
Total 10 160 40
Semester-IV
4. MC-IV Ecology and Environmental Biology  MC-T 04 80 20
Practical-IV Ecology and Environmental Biology MC-P 04 40 10
Elective/ Medicinal Plants in Healthcare  EL/OP-II 02 40 10
Optional-II*
Total 10 160 40
Semester-V
5. MC-VA Morphology and Systematics of MC-T 04 80 20
Angiosperms 
MC-VB Plant Breeding and Biotechnology MC-T 04 80 20
Practical-V Histology, Systematics of Angiosperms, MC-P 04 40 10
Plant breeding and biotechnology 
Total 12 200 50
Semester-VI
6. MC-VA Cytology and Genetics MC-T 04 80 20
MC-VB Plant Physiology  MC-T 04 80 20
Practical-V Cytology, Genetics and Plant Physiology MC-P 04 40 10
Total 12 200 50
 Grand Total 60 960 240

MC: Major Course, MC-T: Major Course Theory, MC-P: Major Course Practical, EL/OP: Open Elective/
Optional 
 PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF [Link]. BOTANY

PSO1: Skill development for the proper description using botanical terms,
identification, naming and classification of life forms especially plants and microbes.

PSO2: Acquisition of knowledge on structure, life cycle and life processes that exist
among plant and microbial diversity through certain model organism studies.

PSO3: Understanding of various interactions that exist among plants and microbes;
to develop the curiosity on the dynamicity of nature.

PSO4: Understanding of the major elements of variation that exist in the living world
through comparative morphological and anatomical study.

PSO5: Ability to explain the diversity and evolution based on the empirical evidences
in morphology, anatomy, embryology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology
and life history.

PSO6: Skill development for the collection, preservation and recording of information
after observation and analysis- from simple illustration to molecular database
development.

PSO7: Making aware of the scientific and technological advancements- Information

and Communication, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology for further learning and
research in all branches of Botany.

PSO8: Internalization of the concept of conservation and evolution through the

channel of spirit of inquiry.
 BOTANY COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

Semester I (A-1): Diversity of Microorganisms and Thallophytes 

1. Understand the fascinating diversity, evolution, and significance of microorganisms and thallophytes.
2. Comprehend the systematic position, structure, physiology and life cycles of microbes and thallophytes and their impact on humans and
environment.
3. Gain laboratory skills such as microscopy, microbial cultures, staining, identification, preservation of microbes and thallophytes for their
applications in research and industry.

Semester II (A-2): Diversity of Non- Flowering Plants

1. Understand the diversity and affinities among Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms.
2. Understand the morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life cycle across, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms, and their ecological and
evolutionary significance.
3. Obtain laboratory skills/explore non-flowering plants for their commercial applications.

Subject  Diversity of Microorganisms and Semester  I

Thallophytes 
Number hr/week 4hours Total hours  56
Duration of the exam  3 hours  Credits  4

Unit  Content  Hours 
I Microbial Diversity: Brief account on microbial diversity, 14
Mycoplasma, Viruses, General characters and properties of TMV,
bacteriophage T4, Plant diseases TMV/BMV and sandal spike. 
Bacteria: General characteristics, reproduction, classification based
on morphology and flagellation, ultrastructure, economic
importance, bacterial diseases viz., citrus canker, leaf blight of paddy.

II Cyanobacteria: General characteristics, types study of Nostoc and 14

Spirulina. Economic importance of cyanobacteria.
Algae: General characteristics, FE Fritsch system of classification,
economic importance, types study of Oedogonium, Chara, Diatoms,
Saragassum, Batrachospermum 

III Fungi: General characteristics, classification based on Alexopoulos 14

type, economic importance, type study of Phycomycetes (Albugo),
Zygomycetes (Rhizopus), Ascomycetes (Penicillium),
Basidiomycetes (Agaricus), Deuteromycetes (Cercospora).

IV Plant Pathology: Brief history of plant pathology (Bengal and Irish 14
famine)
Causal agent, transmission, symptoms and controlling measures of
following diseases white rust of mustard, root rot of arecanut
(koleroga), stem rust of wheat, powdery mildew of cucurbits, tikka
disease of ground nut.
Lichens: occurrence, classification (crustose, foliose, fruticose),
internal structure of thallus, structure of apothecium and economic
importance 

*Filed visit and specimen collection is mandatory. 

I BSc, I Semester, Paper I

Practical Syllabus
Paper I: Diversity of Microorganisms and Thallophytes
 Duration of practical: 4
hours 
Syllabus based on theory paper syllabus 
1. Study of virus types and its plant diseases
2. Study of bacteria and its disease
3. Study of fungi and its types
4. Study of plant diseases as per in theory syllabus
5. Study of lichens and its types
6. Collection or photographs of any 05 specimens and their submission.

I BSc, I Semester, Paper I

Practical Internal Assessment (10 Marks) 
Paper II: Diversity of Microorganisms and Thallophytes
Practical Attendance: 05 Marks Practical Record: 05 Marks 

I BSc, I Semester, Paper I

Practical Question Paper
Paper I: Diversity of Microorganisms and Thallophytes
Duration of practical: 3 hours Max Marks: 40

Q1 Identify the specimen A, B, and C sketch label and give reason  09 Marks 
Q2 Write notes on D and E (Macroscopic)  04 Marks 
Q3 Write the pathological aspects of F, G and H 09 Marks 
Q4 Identify the slides I, J, K and L 08 Marks 
Q5 Viva and Submission  10 Marks 
*Collection or photographs of any 05 specimens 

Subject  Diversity of Non-Flowering Plants  Semester  II

Number hr/week 4hours Total hours  56
Duration of the exam  3 hours  Credits  4

Unit  Content  Hours 
I Bryophyta: Introduction, general characteristics, classification, structure 14
and reproduction of Hepaticopsida (Marchantia), Antheceropsida
(Anthoceros), Bryopsida (Polytrichum). Brief account on evolution of
sporophytes in bryophytes and economic importance.

II Pteridophyta: Introduction, general characteristics, classification, structure 14
and reproduction of Psilopsida (Psilotum), Lycopsida (Lycopodium and
Selaginella), Sphenopsida (Equisetum), Pteridopsida (Marselia).
Brief account on stellar evolution in pteridophytes and economic
importance.

III Gymnosperms: Introduction, general characteristics, classification, 14
structure and reproduction of Cycadopsida (Cycas), Gnetopsida (Gnetum),
Coniferopsida (Pinus). Economic importance.

IV Paleobotany: Introduction, geological time scale, process of fossilization, 14

types of plant fossils, radiocarbon dating.
Fossil taxa: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites, Cycadeoidea. Birbal Sahani
Institute of paleosciences. 

*Filed visit and specimen collection is mandatory. 

 I BSc, II Semester, Paper II
Practical Syllabus
Paper II: Diversity of Non-Flowering Plants
Duration of
practical: 4 hours 
Syllabus based on theory paper syllabus 
Study of morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structure of the following types
1. Bryophytes- Marchantia, Anthoceros and Funaria
2. Pteridophytes- Psiolotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum and Marselea
3. GYmnosperms- Cycas, Pinus and Gnetum
4. Fossil plants- Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites and Cycadeoidea

I BSc, II Semester, Paper II

Practical Internal Assessment (10 Marks) 
Paper II: Diversity of Non-Flowering Plants
Practical Attendance: 05 Marks Practical Record:
05 Marks 

I BSc, II Semester, Paper I

Practical Question Paper
Paper II: Diversity of Non-Flowering Plants
Duration of practical: 3 hours Max
Marks: 40

Q1 Identify the specimen A, B, and C sketch label and give reason  09 Marks 
Q2 Write notes on D, E and F (Macroscopic)  09 Marks 
Q3 Write the pathological aspects of G, H and I 06 Marks 
Q4 Prepare a temporary stained mount of J, identify, sketch and label 06 Marks 
with reasons. Leave it for observation 
Q5 Viva and Submission  10 Marks 
*Collection or photographs of any 05 specimens 
 B Sc I Semester Degree Examination, 2024-25
(Semester Scheme, New Syllabus: 2024-25)
Subject: Botany
Paper: Diversity of Microorganisms and Thallophytes
Paper Code: 
Time : 3 Hours Max Marks:
80

Instructions to the Students

1. All sections are compulsory 
2. Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary 

SECTION-A
1. Answer ALL the following questions (2 x 10= 20) 
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

SECTION-B
Answer any SIX of the following (5 x 6= 30)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

SECTION-C
Answer any THREE of the following (10 x 3= 30)
10.
11.
12.
13.

****************

Semester III (A-3): Plant Histology, Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology 

4. Understand the tissue nature and difference in plants.
5. Comprehend the systematic anatomical changes and differences in plants.
6. Gain laboratory skills such as embryology and palynology for their applications in research and industry.
Semester IV (A-4): Ecology and Environmental Biology
4. Understand the scope, importance, soil types, adaptations of plants.
5. Understand the ecosystems and ecological successions.
6. Obtain knowledge on biodiversity, threats, conservation methods.
7. Gain knowledge on air, water, land and noise pollution, forest and forest management strategies, phytogeophraphy. 

Subject  Plant Histology, Anatomy, Semester  III

Embryology and Palynology 
Number hr/week 4hours Total hours  56
Duration of the exam  3 hours  Credits  4

Unit  Content  Hours 
I Histology: Study of meristematic tissues, classification based on 14
II origin, position and function. Permanent tissues- Simple permanent 14
tissues- structure and functions of parenchyma, collenchyma and
schlerenchyma. Complex permenent tissues- Xylem, phloem and its
functions. Tissue systems- Epidermal tissue system- structure and
function of epidermis, stomata, trichomes. Ground tissue systems-
cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith. Vascular tissue system- types
of vascular bundles. 
IV Fertilization: process of fertilization, brief account on double 14
fertilization and triple fusion and its significance.
Endosperms: Types free nuclear, helobial and cellular, development
of cellular endosperm.
Embryo: types, dicot and monocot embryo, development of dicot
embryo- Crucifer type. Apomixis and polyembryony- brief account.
Palynology- scope, pollen morphology
Pollen wall layers, NPC system, pollen kit. 

*Filed visit and specimen collection is mandatory. 

BSc, III Semester, Paper III

Practical Syllabus
Paper I: Plant Histology, Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology
Duration of practical: 4 hours 
Syllabus based on theory paper syllabus 
Histology: Meristematic tissue, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclenchyma (fibres and
scleroids), xylem and phloem. 
Anatomy: Dicot root- Cicer,
Monocot root- Grass
Dicot stem- Tridax, Cucurbita
Monocot stem- Grass
Dicot leaf- Tridax
Monocot leaf- Grass
Anomalous secondary growth in Dicot stem- Achyranthus
Anomolous secondary growth in Monocot stem- Dracena

Embryology: T/S anther - Cassia, Datura 

Mounting of endopsperm- Cucumber
Types of ovules, types of placentation

Palynology: Mounting of pollen- Hibiscus, Ipomea, Grass

Pollen fertility: by hanging drop method- Vinca rosea

BSc, III Semester, Paper III

 Practical Internal Assessment (10 Marks) 
Paper II: Plant Histology, Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology

Practical submissions or Photographs: 05 Marks 

Practical Record: 05 Marks 

BSc, III Semester, Paper III

Practical Question Paper
Paper I: Plant Histology, Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology 
Duration of practical: 3 hours Max Marks: 40

Q1 Prepare a temporary stained slide ‘A’, identify, sketch and 05 Marks 
label the parts 
Q2 Mount, identify, sketch and label the specimen B 03 Marks 
Q3 Calculate the percentage of fertility of C by hanging drop 05 Marks 
method
Q4 Mount, sketch and label the endosperm of D 05 Marks 
Q5 Prepare a temporary stained slide of E identify, sketch and 07 Marks 
label with reasons
Q6 Identify the slides F, G, H, I 15 Marks 
Subject  Ecology and Environmental Biology Semester  IV
Number hr/week 4hours Total hours  56
Duration of the exam  3 hours  Credits  4

Unit  Content  Hours 
I Introduction, scope and importance. Ecological factors: climate factors, 14
light, temperature precipitation and humidity. Edaphic factors, soil and its
types, soil profile, soil humus and soil microorganisms. Plant adaptations:
classification of plants based on water, morphological and anatomical
adaptations of hydrophytes, xerophytes, epiphytes, halophytes.

II Ecosystem definition and types with examples. Terrestrial and aquatic, 14
natural and artificial structure and compounds of ecosystem. Study of
pond ecosystem, energy flow in ecosystem, food chain, food web, ecological
pyramids. Ecological succession: hydrosere, xerosere.

III Biodiversity: introduction, types, values, threats. Brief account on 14

endangered, threatened, endemic and extinct plants. Conservation of
biodiversity by in situ and ex situ types. Environmental Biology: a brief
 account of renewable and nonrenewable resource.

IV A general account on air, water, land and noise pollution, its effects and their 14
control. Forest and forest management of forest, deforestation and
reforestation, social forestry. 
Phytogeography: brief account on vegetation, types of Karnataka. 

*Filed visit and specimen collection is mandatory. 

BSc Botany-III Semester

Open Elective Course (OEC-3)

Subject  Landscaping and Gardening Semester  III

Number hr/week 3 hours Total hours  42
Duration of the exam  2 hours  Credits  2

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of this course the learner will be able to:
● Apply the basic principles and components of gardening
● Conceptualize flower arrangement and bio-aesthetic planning
● Design various types of gardens according to the culture and art of bonsai
● Distinguish between formal, informal and free style gardens.
● Establish and maintain special types of gardens for outdoor and indoor
landscaping 

Unit-1 Principles of gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making, methods of designing rockery, water garden etc. Special types of gardens, their walk- 14 h
paths, bridges, constructed features. Green house. Special types of gardens, trees, their design, values in landscaping, propagation, planting shrubs and
herbaceous perennials, importance, design values, planting, climbers and creepers, palms, ferns, grasses and cacti succulents. 

Unit-2 Flower arrangements, importance, production details and cultural operations, constraints, post-harvest practices, bio-aesthetic planning, definition, need, round 14 h
country planning, urban planning and planting avenues, schools, villages, beautifying, railway stations, dam sites, hydroelectric stations, colonies, river banks,
planting material for play grounds. 

Unit-3 Vertical gardens, roof gardens. Culture of bonsai, art of making bonsai, parks and public gardens. Landscape designs, style of garden, formal, informal and 14 h
freestyle gardens, types of gardens, urban landscaping, landscaping for scientific situations institutions, industries, residents, hospitals, road, sides, traffic
islands, dam sites, IT parks, corporate. Establishment and maintenance, special types of gardens, bioaesthetic planning, ecotourism, inddor gardening,
therapeutic gardening, non-plant components, water scaping, xeri-scaping, hardscaping, computer aided designing (CAD) for outdoor and inddor scaping,
exposure of CAD. 

Suggested References

1. Berry F and Kress J. 1991. Heliconia: an identification guide. Smithsonian Books.

2. Butts E and Stensson K. 2012. Sheridan nurseries: one hundred years of people, plans and
plants. Dundurn Group Ltd. 
3. Russel T. 2012. Nature guide: trees. The world in your hands (Nature guides).

BSc, IV Semester, Paper IV

Practical Syllabus
Paper IV: Ecology and Environmental Biology 
Duration of practical: 4 hours 
Syllabus based on theory paper syllabus 
1. Study of ecological groups
a. Hydrophytes Eg- Hydrilla, Pistia, Eichornia
b. Xerophytes Eg- Casurina, Euphorbia tirukalli, Opuntia, Asparagus, Aloe
vera, Nerium leaf (Anatomy of any two)
c. Epiphytes: Vanda
d. Halophytes- Study of pnematophore, vivipary, Eg. Avicennia, Rhizophora
2. Ecological instruments, Dry and wet bulb thermometer, Maximum and minimum
thermometer, anemometer, and rain guaze.
3. Water holding capacity of any three difference soils
4. Mapping of vegetation of Karnataka 

BSc, IV Semester, Paper IV

Practical Internal Assessment (10 Marks) 
Paper IV: Ecology and Environmental Biology 

Visit to soil testing centre and submission of report: 05 Marks 

Practical Record: 05 Marks 
 BSc, IV Semester, Paper IV
Practical Question Paper
Paper IV: Ecology and Environmental Biology 
Duration of practical: 3 hours Max Marks: 40

Q1 Prepare a temporary stained mount of A and B, identify, sketch 10 Marks 
and label with reasons
Q2 Write the critical notes on C and D 06 Marks 
Q3 Comment on ecological instruments E 04 Marks 
Q4 Determination of pH/Water holding capacity of given soil sample 06 Marks 
F
Q5 Identify the slides G, H and I, sketch, label with reasons 09 Marks 
Q6 Mark and label vegetation types of Karnataka in supplied map 04 Marks
*Collection or photographs of any 05 specimens 

BSc Botany-IV Semester

Open Elective Course (OEC-3)


Subject  Medicinal Plants in Health Care Semester  IV

Number hr/week 3 hours Total hours  42
Duration of the exam  2 hours  Credits  2

Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of this course the learner will be able to:
● Recognize the basic medicinal plants
● Apply techniques of conservation and propagation of medicinal plants
● Setup process of harvesting, drying, and storage of medicinal herbs
● Propose new strategies to enhance growth of medicinal herbs considering the practical
issues pertinent to India.

Unit-1 History and Traditional System of Medicine 14 h

History, scope and importance of medicinal plants, traditional systems of medicine, definition and scope.
 Ayurveda: History, origin, panchamahabhutas, saptadhatu and tridosha concepts, Rasayana, plants used in ayurveda treatments.
Siddha: Origin of Siddha medicinal systems, basis of siddha system, plants used in Siddha medicine.
Unani: history, concept, Umoor-e-tabiya, tumors treatments/ therapy, polyherbal formulations.

Unit-2 Conservation, Augmentation and Ethnobotany and Folk Medicine 14 h

Conservation of endemic and endangered medicinal plants, Red list criteria. In situ Conservation: biosphere reserves, sacred gardens, ethnomedicinal plant
gardens.
Propagation of medicinal plants: Objectives of the nursery, its classification, important components of a nursery, sowing, pricking, use of greenhouse for
nursery production, propagation through cuttings, layering, grafting and budding. 
Ethnobotany and Folk medicines: Definition, Ethnobotany in India. Methods to study ethnobotany, applications of ethnobotany, national interacts, paleo-ethno-
botany, folk medicines of ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnoecology, ethnic communities of India. 

Unit-3 Medicinal Plants 14 h

Breif description of selected plants and derived drugs, namely Guggul (Commiphora) for herpercholesterolemia, Boswellia for inflammatory disorders, Arjuna
(Terminalia arjuna) for cardioprotection, turmeric (Curcuma longa) for wound healing, atioxidant and anticancer properties, Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa) for
hepatoprotection, Opium poppy for analgesic and antitussive, Salix for analgesic, Cincona and Artemisia for malaria, Rauwolfia as tranquilizer, Belladona as
anticholinergic, Digitalis as cardiotonic, Podophyllum as antitumour. 

Suggested References

1. Akerele O, Heywood V and Synge H. 1991. The conservation of medicinal plants. Cambridge
University Press.
2. AYUSH. About the system, an overview of ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha
and Homeopathy, New Delhi. DEpartment of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani,
Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Ministry and Family Welfare, Government of India.
3. CSIR. Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow. 2016. Aush Gyanya:
Handbook of medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation.
4. Dev S. 1997. Ethno-therapeutics and modern drug development. The potential of Ayurveda.
Current Science. 73: 909-928.
5. Evans WC. 2009. TRease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 16the edition. Philadelphia, PA. 
6. Jain SK and Jain V. 2017. Methods and approaches in ethnobotany: concepts, practices and
prospectus. Deep publications, Delhi.
7. Kapoor LD. 2001. Handbook of ayurvedic medicinal plants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
8. Saroya AS. 2017. Ethnobotany. ICAR publication. 
9. Sharma R. 2013. Agro-technique of medicinal plants. Daya Publishing House. Delhi.
10. Thakur RS, Puri HS and Hussain A. 1989. Major medeicinal plants of India. Central Institute
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Lucknow, India. 
 B Sc III Semester Degree Examination, 2025-26
(Semester Scheme, New Syllabus: 2024-25)
Subject: Botany
Paper: Plant Histology, Anatomy, Embryology and Palynology 
Paper Code: 
Time : 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Instructions to the Students

3. All sections are compulsory 
4. Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary 

SECTION-A
14. Answer ALL the following questions (2 x 10= 20) 
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
t)

SECTION-B
Answer any SIX of the following (5 x 6= 30)
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

SECTION-C
Answer any THREE of the following (10 x 3= 30)
23.
24.
25.
26.

****************
 B Sc III Semester Degree Examination, 2025-26
(Semester Scheme, New Syllabus: 2024-25)
Subject: Botany Open Elective 
Paper: Landscaping and Gardening
Paper Code: 
Time : 3 Hours Max Marks: 40

Instructions to the Students

5. All sections are compulsory 
6. Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary 

SECTION-A
1. Answer ALL the following questions (2 x 5= 10) 
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

SECTION-B
Answer any TWO of the following (5 x 2= 10)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

SECTION-C
Answer any THREE of the following (10 x 2= 20)
7.
8.
9.
10.

****************

DAVANGERE1UNIVERSITY
Department of Studies in Botany
Shivagangotri, Davanagere – 577 007, Karnataka, INDIA

Prof Govindappa M [Link]@[Link]

Chairman-BOS-UG dravidateja07@[Link]
7338601980

No. DUD/DOB-BOS-UG/ 2024-25 12 June 2024