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Grade 7 Science: Soil Formation Notes

Soil is formed through weathering, which can be physical, chemical, or biological. The document classifies soil into sandy, loamy, and clayey types based on particle size and water retention capacity, and discusses the importance of humus and soil layers. It also covers soil erosion and methods to prevent it, such as preventing excessive grazing and deforestation.

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10 views2 pages

Grade 7 Science: Soil Formation Notes

Soil is formed through weathering, which can be physical, chemical, or biological. The document classifies soil into sandy, loamy, and clayey types based on particle size and water retention capacity, and discusses the importance of humus and soil layers. It also covers soil erosion and methods to prevent it, such as preventing excessive grazing and deforestation.

Uploaded by

vshrisharan21
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE PSBB MS , CUDDALORE

Grade 7 Science Ch - Soil- NOTES

[Link] is soil formed ?


Soil is formed by the process of weathering .

2. What is weathering ?
Process of breaking down of rocks is known as weathering .
Three types of weathering
Physical, Chemical and Biological weathering
Physical weathering : Physical weathering occurs due to factors like temperaure and water.
The rock is broken up without any change in the chemical properties .
Chemical weathering occurs due to acid rain , rust and sometimes lichens on rocks and changes the
chemical composition of the rocks
Biological weathering occurs due to the roots of plants deepening in the cracks and seed dispersion
by animals and birds

3. Classify the types of soil based on the size of the soil particles ?
Sandy soil , loamy soil and clayey soil
Sandy Soil - soil particles are large , large soil pores , less water retention capacity , water percolates
at a faster rate
Loamy soil : Moderate sized soil particles, moderate sized soil pores , able to hold enough water,
water percolates at a moderate speed
Clayey soil : very small and fine sized particles, very small or no soil pores, holds more water , water
percolates very slowly

4. What is humus ? what is its importance ? ( refer text book pg 117 ..2 nd para - It absorbs and holds
water …..healthy plant growth )

5. Soil Profile (layers of the soil)

(Surface layer)

Surface layer - layer above top soil where plants grow and animals live
Topsoil - It is rich in humus., soft and porous. It retains more water.
Roots of small plants are entirely embedded in topsoil. Topsoil also provides
shelter to many living organism, such as worm, insect, moles, rats, snakes, etc.
Subsoil - contains little weathered rocks, and less organic rock.
Parent rock - weathered rparent material found here, no organic matter
Bedrock - large unweathered rocks found here

6. What are soil pores ? why are they important ?


Spaces between soil particles are known as soil pores
Soil pores contain air - roots take in oxygen from the soil pores , organisms
living in the soil take in the oxygen from the soil pores

7. Organisms found in the soil -


Refer textbook - page 123 - organisms in the soil - ) write the names of all
organisms mentioned in the para)

8. What is soil erosion ? How can we prevent soil erosion ?


Soil erosion is the natural process in which the topsoil of a field is carried away by physical sources
such as wind and water.
The various methods for preventing and reducing soil erosion are:
 Preventing excessive grazing.
 Prevention of deforestation.
 Plantation of trees and plants.

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