Math 2 Formula Sheet Sheridan

Circles: Half Angle:

q q
θ
sin 2 = ± 1−cos θ θ
= ± 1+cos θ



Arc length: s = rθ 2
cos 2 2
Sector area: A = 12 r2 θ q
tan 2θ = ± 1−cos θ


1+cos θ
Segment area:
y
A = 12 r2 (θ − sin θ) θ = 2 cos−1 1 −


r Sign depends on quadrant in which angle is
located.

In any triangle:

Sine Law: sina A = sinb B = sinc C

C = 2πr A = πr2
Cosine Law: c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
For Right-angled Triangles:

a2 + b 2 = c 2 Complementary Angles:

sin θ = opp
cos θ = adj
tan θ = opp In a right-angled triangle containing acute
hyp hyp adj
angles A and B:
Trigonometric Identities
sin A = cos B cos A = sin B tan A = cot B
sin θ sec A = csc B csc A = sec B cot A = tan B
tan θ = cos θ

cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 Frequency, Angular Velocity, Period

1 1 1 θ 2π
sec θ = cos θ
csc θ = sin θ
cot θ = tan θ Angular velocity: ω = t
ω= T
Linear speed: v = ωr
cos θ = sin (90o − θ) = sin (θ + 90o ) Frequency: f = T1

Sum of Angles: y = a sin (ωt + φ) amplitude = |a|

o
period T = 360 ω
= 2π
ω
ω
sin (α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β frequency f = 2π
phase shift = − ωφ
cos (α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β
Sum of two sine functions with same frequency:
tan α±tan β
tan (α ± β) = 1∓tan α tan β
A sin ωt + Bpsin (ωt + c) = C sin (ωt + φ)
Double Angle: where C = A2 + B 2 −
2AB cos (180o − c)
and φ = tan−1 A+B B sin c
cos c
sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 1 − 2 sin2 θ Sum of sine and cosine with same frequency:
2 tan θ
tan 2θ = 1−tan2 θ A sin ωt + B√cos ωt = R sin (ωt + φ)
where R = A2 + B 2 and φ = tan−1 B
A
Math 2 Formula Sheet Sheridan

Exponents: Inequalities:

a0 = 1 a1 = a |x| < a ≡ −a < x < a

an × am = an+m an ÷ am = an−m |x| > a ≡ x < −a OR a<x

(an )m = anm
Conic Sections:
n a n an


(ab) = an bn b
= bn
circle with radius r and centre at (h, k):
1 √ (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2
a−n = 1
an
an = n a

Exponential Growth: parabola with vertex at (h, k):

A quantity x grows exponentially with time axis equation focus
2
horizontal (y − k) = 4p(x − h) (h + p, k)
t according to the equation:
vertical (x − h)2 = 4p(y − k) (h, k + p)
x(t) = a · bt/τ focal width = |4p|
2
(x−h) 2
where: a = initial value of x ellipse: a2
+ (y−k)
b2
=1
b = growth factor Centre at (h, k). p
τ = time required to grow by a factor of b Foci are at a distance c = |a2 − b2 | from
centre.
Logarithms: Major axis horizontal if a > b.
Major axis vertical if b > a.
loga 1 = 0 loga a = 1
hyperbola with centre at (h, k):
loga mn = loga m + loga n transverse axis equation

n (x−h)2 (y−k)2


loga m
= loga n − loga m horizontal a2
− b2
=1

loga nm = m loga n vertical (y−k)2

− (x−h)2
=1
b2 a2

1
loga n
= − loga n log 1 n = −loga n Slope of asymptotes = ± ab
a
√
loga n
Foci are at a distance c = a2 + b2 from cen-
logb n = loga b tre.

common logarithm: log x = log10 x

Quadratic Equation:
natural logarithm: ln x = loge x
If ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
Complex Numbers: √
−b± b2 −4ac
a + jb = r∠θ a + jb = r (cos θ + j sin θ)
x= 2a

Polar and Cartesian Co-ordinates:

y
r 2 = x2 + y 2 tan θ = x

x = r cos θ y = r sin θ