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AC/DC Circuit Formulas Overview

The document outlines basic AC/DC circuit formulas, including Ohm's Law, power calculations, and energy relationships. It details the characteristics of series and parallel circuits, AC fundamentals, impedance, resonance in RLC circuits, transformers, and energy storage elements. Additionally, it covers concepts such as true power, reactive power, and phase differences in electrical components.

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97 views2 pages

AC/DC Circuit Formulas Overview

The document outlines basic AC/DC circuit formulas, including Ohm's Law, power calculations, and energy relationships. It details the characteristics of series and parallel circuits, AC fundamentals, impedance, resonance in RLC circuits, transformers, and energy storage elements. Additionally, it covers concepts such as true power, reactive power, and phase differences in electrical components.

Uploaded by

Lol.exe
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC AC/DC CIRCUIT FORMULAS

1. BASIC ELECTRICAL RELATIONSHIPS


Ohm’s Law: V = I·R
Power: P = V·I = I²·R = V²/R
Energy: E = P·t

2. DC CIRCUITS
Series Circuit:
- Rt = R■ + R■ + R■ + ...
- It = I■ = I■ = I■
- Vt = V■ + V■ + V■

Parallel Circuit:
- 1/Rt = 1/R■ + 1/R■ + 1/R■ + ...
- It = I■ + I■ + I■
- Vt = V■ = V■ = V■

Voltage Divider: Vx = (Rx / Rt)·Vt


Current Divider: Ix = (Rt / Rx)·It

3. AC FUNDAMENTALS
Instantaneous Voltage: v(t) = Vm sin(ωt + φ)
Instantaneous Current: i(t) = Im sin(ωt + φ)
Angular Frequency: ω = 2πf

RMS and Average Values:


- Vrms = Vm / √2
- Irms = Im / √2
- Vavg = (2Vm)/π (for half-cycle)

4. IMPEDANCE AND REACTANCE


Resistance: Z = R (pure resistor)
Inductive Reactance: X■ = 2πfL
Capacitive Reactance: Xc = 1 / (2πfC)
Impedance: Z = √(R² + (X■ - Xc)²)
Phase Angle: θ = tan■¹((X■ - Xc)/R)

5. AC POWER
True Power (Watts): P = V·I·cosθ
Reactive Power (VAR): Q = V·I·sinθ
Apparent Power (VA): S = V·I
Power Factor: pf = cosθ = P/S

6. RESONANCE (RLC CIRCUITS)


Resonant Frequency: fr = 1 / (2π√(LC))
At resonance: X■ = Xc, Z = R, pf = 1

7. TRANSFORMERS
Turns Ratio: N■/N■ = V■/V■ = I■/I■
Efficiency: η = (Pout / Pin) × 100%
Power (ideal): V■I■ = V■I■
8. ENERGY STORAGE ELEMENTS
Inductor: v = L (di/dt), Energy = ½ L I²
Capacitor: i = C (dv/dt), Energy = ½ C V²

9. MISCELLANEOUS
Conductance: G = 1/R
Admittance: Y = 1/Z
Phase difference between voltage & current:
- Pure resistor → 0°
- Pure inductor → +90° (current lags)
- Pure capacitor → -90° (current leads)

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