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Algebra 2 Rational Expressions Worksheet

The document is a worksheet for Algebra 2 focused on rational expressions, including tasks for graphing functions and simplifying expressions. It features various rational functions and requires students to state excluded values. Additionally, it includes problems for simplifying and performing operations on rational expressions.

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michael061009
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© All Rights Reserved
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14 views16 pages

Algebra 2 Rational Expressions Worksheet

The document is a worksheet for Algebra 2 focused on rational expressions, including tasks for graphing functions and simplifying expressions. It features various rational functions and requires students to state excluded values. Additionally, it includes problems for simplifying and performing operations on rational expressions.

Uploaded by

michael061009
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Algebra 2 Name___________________________________

Rational Expressions Lesson


Graph each function.

3 3
1) f ( x) = −1 2) f ( x) =
x+1 x+1
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

-1- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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3 3
3) f ( x) = − −1 4) f ( x) = −2
x+1 x
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

3 1
5) f ( x) = +2 6) f ( x) = − −1
x+2 x+4
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

-2- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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2 3
7) f ( x) = +1 8) f ( x) = − −1
x−3 x+2
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

1 1
9) f ( x) = −1 10) f ( x) = − +2
x+4 x−2
y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

−8 −8

-3- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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Simplify each and state the excluded values.

n−5 10m
11) 2
12)
n − 9n + 20 25m 2 − 5m

x 2 − 6x + 5 v 2 − 3v − 10
13) 14)
x−1 v−5

6v + 9 n−1
15) 16)
12 5n 2 − 5n

2x 2 − 2x 6x
17) 18) 2
x−1 6x − 10x

-4- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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k 2 + 5k + 6 25v − 15
19) 20)
k+2 10v

a 2 − a − 56 x 2 + 8x − 9
21) 2 22)
a − 6a − 16 9x 2 + 81x

18 p − 18 p 2 + 6 p − 27
23) 24)
18 p + 45 p2 − 5 p + 6

16k 2 − 32k x 2 − 10x + 16


25) 26)
24k 2 − 8k x 2 − 9x + 8

-5- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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7x − 35 m 2 + 4m − 21
27) 28)
9x − 45 m 2 − 2m − 3

a 2 − 11a + 28 50b + 90
29) 30)
4a − 40 70b − 100

Simplify each expression.

18 p 8 17x 2 8
31) ⋅ 32) ⋅
16 18 18x 18

18 18 15 18
33) ⋅ 34) ⋅
4 6k 17 15b 5

-6- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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4 10 4 17
35) ⋅ 36) ⋅
6p 5 10r 11

15 p 2 18 p 3 17 17
37) ⋅ 38) ⋅
10 12 14v 13

20 11 3n 7
39) ⋅ 40) ⋅
15m 19 19n 18n

2b 16 7 2
41) ⋅ 42) ⋅
18 18b 2 18x 19

-7- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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7 19x 2 13 14v
43) ⋅ 44) ⋅
3x 19 2 10

16a 5 14 16 14v 3
45) ⋅ 46) ⋅
16a 8a 17 16

m+2 m2 − m − 6 4m + 32 4
47) ÷ 2 48) 2
÷
m − 7 m − 7m + 12 m + 4m − 32 5m

k+2 k+2 r + 8 7r + 56
49) ⋅ 2 50) ÷
6k k + 9k + 14 6 7r − 49

-8- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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6v − 48 1 3 n 2 + 5n − 14
51) ⋅ 52) 2 ⋅
7 v−8 n + 5n − 14 5

r−4 r−4 7 2
53) 2
÷ 54) ÷
r − 5r − 14 r − 7 a + 8 2a + 16

2x + 4 y 6 5a + 5b a − 2b
55) 2
+ 56) −
20x 20x 2 18ab 18ab

x − y x − 3y 4b 4a
57) + 58) −
15x 3 15x 3 6b 6b

-9- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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u+v 5 x − 2y x − 3y
59) 4
+ 60) −
24v 24v 4 15y 15 y

5x 7x k+1 8k
61) − 62) 2
−
5x − 8 7x + 2 k − 12k + 35 6

6 n+8 5x 7
63) − 64) −
2n 2n + 8 x+4 x+1

2 4 8x x+4
65) + 66) +
4x 3x − 24 2x 2x + 14

-10- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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5 25 5
− 68)
2 4 4 1
67) −
2 25 5

1 16
3 3
69) 70)
3 5 16 1
− −
2 6 9 8

3 9 4
−
5 4 3
71) 72)
4 3 2
−
15 2 9

-11- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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x x 1
73) −
9 6 25 x
− 74)
4 x x

u u−1 1 2x − 1
+ −
u−1 2 5 x
75) 76)
u 25
u−1

16 5 u+5 u+2
+ −
x+5 x+5 u−1 u−1
77) 78)
x+5 u+5
4

-12- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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Solve each equation. Remember to check for extraneous solutions.

1 4n + 24 5 2 2 1
79) 2
= 2
− 80) = +
2n n 2n 2 5p 5p 2
5p

1 1 x−1 1 2m − 8 m + 6
81) = − 82) + =
x 4x 2x 4 m 4m

3 1 1 1 1 1
83) = 2 + 84) − =
2n 2n 2n 5 n 5n

n−7 n 6 x+3 3
85) 1 = + 86) + =
n + 2 4n + 8 x 2x x

-13- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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1 7 1
87) 2
= + 2
7b + 23b + 6 28b + 8 28b + 92b + 24

1 8 2 8 1 1
88) 2
= + 2 89) 2
= 2 +
x − 5x x − 5 x − 5x b + 6b b + 6b b

1 b+8 b+4
90) − 2
= 2
3b + 5 3b + 11b + 10 3b + 11b + 10

-14- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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Answers to Rational Expressions Lesson
1) y
2) y
3) y
8 8 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8

4) y
5) y
6) y
8 8 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8

7) y
8) y
9) y
8 8 8
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2 −2 −2
−4 −4 −4
−6 −6 −6
−8 −8 −8

10)
8
6
y 11)
1
n−4
; {5, 4} 12)
2
5m − 1 { }
; 0,
1
5
4
2

−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 x
−2
−4
−6
−8

13) x − 5 ; {1} 14) v + 2 ; {5} 2v + 3


15) ; No excluded values.
4
17) 2x ; {1} 19) k + 3 ; {−2}
16)
1
5n
; {0, 1} 18)
3
3x − 5
; 0, { }
5
3
a+7 x−1 2( p − 1)
20)
5v − 3
2v
; {0} 21)
a+2
; {8, −2} 22)
9x
; {0, −9} 23)
2p + 5
; −
5
2 { }
p+9 2(k − 2) x−2
24)
p−2
; {3, 2} 25)
3k − 1
; 0, { }
1
3
26)
x−1
; {8, 1}
7
27) ; {5}
9
m+7 (a − 7)(a − 4)
28)
m+1
; {3, −1} 29)
4(a − 10)
; {10} 30)
5b + 9
7b − 10
;
10
7 { }
p 34x 27 18
31) 32) 33) 34)
2 81 2k 17b 5

-15- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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4 34 9 p5 289
35) 36) 37) 38)
3p 55r 4 182v
44 7 8 7
39) 40) 41) 42)
57m 114n 81b 171x
7x 91v 7a 3 14v 3
43) 44) 45) 46)
3 10 4 17
m−4 5m k+2 r−7
47) 48) 49) 50)
m−7 m−4 6k(k + 7) 6
6 3 1 54) 7
51) 52) 53)
7 5 r+2
x + 2y + 3 4a + 7b 2x − 4y 2b − 2a
55) 56) 57) 58)
10x 2 18ab 15x 3 3b
u+v+5 1 66x
59) 60) 61)
24v 4 15 (5x − 8)(7x + 2)
−137k + 3 − 4k 3 + 48k 2 −n 2 − 2n + 24 5x 2 − 2x − 28
62) 63) 64)
3(k − 7)(k − 5) 2n(n + 4) ( x + 4)( x + 1)
11x − 24 9x + 60 15 68) −125
65) 66) 67) −
6x( x − 8) 2( x + 7) 8
1 384 18 33
69) 70) 71) − 72)
2 119 37 8
4x 2 x 2 − 25 1 + u2 −9x + 5
73) 74) 75) 76)
9x − 24 25x 2 2u 125x
80) {2}
77) 2
84
x + 10x + 25
78) 2
3
u + 4u − 5
79) { }
−
21
4
84) {6}
81) { }
−
1
2
82) { }
19
4
83) {}
1
2
85) {36} 86) {−9}
87) { }
−
18
7
88) { }
−
1
8
89) {1} 90) {−10}

-16- Worksheet by Kuta Software LLC


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Common questions

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It is critical to check for extraneous solutions in equations involving rational expressions because these solutions can arise from previous simplifications, especially when cross-multiplying or clearing fractions. During these steps, solutions that are mathematically correct in simplified forms might not satisfy the original equation. An example where this occurs is solving 1/x = 1/(4x) - x - (1/(2x)), where simplifying and manipulating terms might introduce solutions invalid in the initial context due to division by zero concerns . Checking calculations against the original equation confirms true solutions and identifies extraneous ones by testing them within the domain constraints and initial expressions .

To determine the range of a rational function like f(x) = 2/(x-1) + 3, first, simplify and understand its transformations. This function can be rewritten as a transformation of f(x) = 1/x, shifted rightward by 1 unit due to (x - 1) and upwards by 3 units from the +3. The vertical asymptote, previously at x = 0, moves to x = 1, while the horizontal asymptote at y = 0 moves to y = 3. Considering the behavior of rational functions, the range is all real numbers except the horizontal asymptote's y-value; thus, y ≠ 3. Graphing the function confirms these observations by showing how transformations alter the function's approach toward asymptotes without reaching them .

Rational functions are crucial in modeling real-world phenomena where relationships involve rates, proportions, or reciprocal interactions. These functions effectively model scenarios like population dynamics, where the rate of change depends inversely on the population size, or physics problems like speed and resistance, described as inversely proportional to mass or area. An example is modeling the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream over time using a function that accounts for intake and elimination rates, where the body’s processing can be approximated as a rational function reflecting proportionality and reverse relationships .

Factorization is pivotal in simplifying rational expressions as it breaks down polynomials into products of their simplest parts. By factoring both numerators and denominators, common factors can be canceled, leading to a simplified form of the expression. This process also assists in identifying excluded values by setting the factored denominator equal to zero and solving for those values, determining where the function becomes undefined. For example, the expression (n - 5)/(n² - 9n + 20) is simplified by factoring the denominator to (n-4)(n-5), canceling the (n-5) term and identifying n = 5 and n = 4 as excluded values .

Horizontal and vertical asymptotes directly affect the domain and range of a rational function by indicating boundaries where the function cannot exist or values it cannot achieve. Vertical asymptotes arise from values that make the denominator zero, restricting the domain, as the function becomes undefined at these points. Horizontal asymptotes suggest a limit the function's output cannot exceed or fall below, defining long-term behavior and often excluding the horizontal asymptote's value from the range. These asymptotes guide the plotting of a function by controlling where the function approaches but does not intersect or divert from .

Parentheses are critical in defining the order of operations in rational expressions. They indicate which operations should be performed first, thereby affecting the overall simplification process. For instance, simplifying (n - 5)/(n^2 - 9n + 20) requires factoring the denominator correctly, which involves understanding the implications of the parentheses. Incorrect placement or neglect of parentheses can lead to incorrect simplification and division results. When solving, parentheses ensure that operations within them are completed before any other operations, thus maintaining the integrity of expressions during transformations and solutions .

To graph f(x) = 3/(x-2) + 1, follow these steps: 1) Identify the asymptotes: the vertical asymptote is at x = 2 due to the division by (x-2), and the horizontal asymptote is at y = 1 as the constant shift. 2) Plot points around the asymptotes to understand their behavior; for x less than 2 or greater than 2, the function approaches infinity or negative infinity, respectively. 3) Consider the y-intercept, calculated by setting x = 0, resulting in y = -1/2 + 1 = 1/2. 4) Use the asymptotes and intercepts to sketch the graph, showing how it approaches but never reaches the lines specified by the asymptotes. These steps provide a comprehensive view of the function and its behavior on the graph .

Simplifying rational expressions is crucial because it allows us to understand and manipulate complex expressions more efficiently. This process helps in identifying excluded values, which are the values that make the denominator zero, thereby rendering the expression undefined . Understanding these excluded values is important as they can affect the continuity and domain of the corresponding function, impacting where the function is defined or undefined on a graph . Simplification also assists in solving equations and performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational expressions in a more straightforward manner .

Transformations such as translations (shifts) and reflections change the position and orientation of a graph without altering its shape. For example, the function f(x) = 3/x can be translated by adding or subtracting values from the function or altering the variable's coefficients. A vertical translation occurs when a constant is added to the function, like f(x) = 3/x + 2, which shifts the graph upward by 2 units. A reflection occurs when the function is multiplied by a negative scalar. For instance, the transformation to f(x) = -3/x reflects the graph across the x-axis .

The concept of excluded values is essential for determining where rational functions continue. Excluded values are x-values that make the denominator zero, leading to points where the function is undefined. Identifying these values involves setting the denominator of a rational function equal to zero and solving for x. This practice helps in defining the domain of the function, which is the set of all permissible x-values. Understanding this concept is vital for ensuring the function is fully defined over a given interval or domain without any interruptions .

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