CLASS IX — Holiday Homework: Solutions (partial set)
1) Find an irrational number between 7 and 11.
Example answer: √53 ≈ 7.2801 (√53 is irrational and 7 < √53 < 11).
2) Find (1024)^(3/10).
1024 = 2^10 so (1024)^(3/10) = (2^10)^(3/10) = 2^3 = 8.
3) If x = 11, find f(x) = 4x^2 - 10x + 7.
f(11) = 4(121) - 110 + 7 = 484 - 110 + 7 = 381.
4) Find the remainder when 9x^3 - 3x^2 + 3x - 5 is divided by x - 23.
Remainder = P(23) = 9*23^3 - 3*23^2 + 3*23 - 5.
Compute: 23^2 = 529, 23^3 = 12167.
So remainder = 9*12167 - 3*529 + 69 - 5 = 109503 - 1587 + 64 = 107980.
5) Divide x^3 + 13x^2 + 32x + 20 by x^2 + 3x + 2.
Note x^2+3x+2 = (x+1)(x+2). Do polynomial long division:
(x^3+13x^2+32x+20) ÷ (x^2+3x+2) = x + 10 with remainder 12x + ? (we compute directly by factoring below).
Instead factor the cubic (see Problem 7) to get exact division.
6) If x = 7 + 3√5, find x - 4/x.
First compute 1/x using conjugate: let x = a + b, but easier: compute x * (7 - 3√5)??
Compute x = 7 + 3√5. Its conjugate (7 - 3√5). Then x*(7 - 3√5) = 49 - 45 = 4.
So 1/x = (7 - 3√5)/4. Then 4/x = 4*(1/x) = 7 - 3√5.
Therefore x - 4/x = (7 + 3√5) - (7 - 3√5) = 6√5.
7) If √22 + √340 = √a + √b, find values of a & b.
√340 = √(4*85) = 2√85. So √22 + √340 = √22 + 2√85. The problem likely means write as sum of two square roots: a = 22
8) Factorise f(x) = x^3 + 13x^2 + 32x + 20.
Test x = -1: f(-1) = -1 +13 -32 +20 = 0 so (x+1) is factor.
Divide by (x+1) gives quotient x^2 + 12x + 20 = (x+2)(x+10).
So f(x) = (x+1)(x+2)(x+10).
9) Locate √17 on the number line.
√17 ≈ 4.1231, so it lies between 4 and 5, a little past 4 (about 12.31% of the way to 5).
10) Represent -3/4 on number line: point three-quarters to the left of 0.
11) Express 3.28 in the form p/q (p and q integers).
3.28 = 328/100 = simplify divide by 4 => 82/25.
12) Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2:
Examples: 6/5 (1.2), 7/5 (1.4), 8/5 (1.6), 9/5 (1.8), 19/10 (1.9).
13) Insert three rational numbers between 2/3 and 3/5.
Note 3/5 = 0.6, 2/3 ≈ 0.6667. Three rationals between: 31/50=0.62, 32/50=0.64, 33/50=0.66.
14) Represent -8/5 on number line (point at -1.6).
15) Find an irrational number between 3 and 4: e.g. √11 ≈ 3.3166 (irrational).
16) Find an irrational between 5/7 and 7/9. (5/7≈0.714285, 7/9≈0.777... )
Example: take (√13)/5 ≈ 3.60555/5 = 0.72111 which lies between them and is irrational.
17) Subtract (5√3 + 7√5) from (3√5 - 7√3).
(3√5 - 7√3) - (5√3 + 7√5) = -4√5 -12√3.
18) Simplify 1/(7+4√3) + 1/(2+√5):
1/(7+4√3) = (7 - 4√3)/(49 - 48) = 7 - 4√3.
1/(2+√5) = (2 - √5)/(4 - 5) = (2 - √5)/(-1) = √5 - 2.
Sum = (7 - 4√3) + (√5 - 2) = 5 - 4√3 + √5.
Solutions — Continued
19) Simplify by rationalising denominators (examples from sheet):
a) (3√5 - √7)/(3√3 + √2) — process: multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate of denom and simplify.
b) √6/(√3 - √2) = √6(√3 + √2)/(3 - 2) = √6(√3 + √2) = √18 + √12 = 3√2 + 2√3.
c) (√7 - √5)/(√7 + √5) rationalize if needed.
d) (√10 - √5)/(2√2) can be simplified by dividing numerator by √2 then rationalize.
(Detailed steps can be provided on request.)
20) Simplify: ■√81 - 8■343 + 15■32 + √225
■√81 = 81^(1/4) = (3^4)^(1/4)? No: 3^4=81 so ■√81 = 3.
■343 = 7 so -8*7 = -56.
■32 = 2*■4? Wait 32 = 2^5 so cube root of 32 = 2*(32)^(1/3)/2? Actually ■32 = 32^(1/3) = 3.1748 not integer. But 15■3
√225 = 15.
So expression = 3 - 56 + 15■32 + 15 = (18 - 56) + 15■32 = -38 + 15■32. (Keep as exact).
21) Example polynomial problems: If 2 is a zero of p(x)=2x^2 - 3x + 7a, find a etc — standard substitution.
22) Mean / Frequency problems (from images):
(a) Number of children per family: children 0..5 with frequencies: 11,25,32,10,5,1.
Mean = (sum x*f)/N. Compute: sum f = 84. Sum x*f = 0*11 + 1*25 + 2*32 + 3*10 + 4*5 + 5*1 = 0+25+64+30+20+5 = 14
Mean = 144 / 84 = 12/7 = 1.714285... children per family.
(b) If mean of distribution with x = 2,4,6,8,10,12 and f=4,7,10,16,K,3 is 7.2 find K.
Sum f = 4+7+10+16+K+3 = 40 + K. Sum x*f = 2*4 +4*7 +6*10 +8*16 +10*K +12*3 = 8+28+60+128+10K+36 = 260 + 10
Mean = (260 + 10K)/(40+K) = 7.2 = 36/5.
Solve: 260 + 10K = (36/5)(40+K) => 260 + 10K = (36*40)/5 + (36/5)K = 288 + (36/5)K.
Multiply 5: 1300 + 50K = 1440 + 36K => 50K -36K = 1440 -1300 => 14K = 140 => K = 10.
23) Sweet packets mean/median/mode: costs 25,50,75,100,125,150 with packets 20,36,32,29,22,11.
Total packets = 150. Compute mean: sum(cost*freq) = 25*20 + 50*36 + 75*32 + 100*29 + 125*22 + 150*11.
Compute: 500 + 1800 + 2400 + 2900 + 2750 + 1650 = 12,000. Mean = 12000/150 = 80.
Median: 150 -> median position = (150+1)/2 = 75.5th so locate cumulative freq to find class containing median.
Cumulative: 20,56,88,... median in 75.5 -> in third class (75.5 ≤ 88) so median cost = 75 (or linear interpolate if grouped)
Mode: class with highest frequency = 36 at cost 50 so modal cost = 50.
24) Average weights: mean of three students is 40 kg => total 120 kg. One student Ranga = 46 kg; other two (Rahim & Re
25) Four unknown numbers: mean of first two is 4 => (a+b)/2=4 => a+b=8. Mean of first three is 9 => (a+b+c)/3=9 => a+b+
If one of the four numbers is 2 find the others: if given one is 2, you can solve accordingly (we assumed none fixed).