DBMS Class 10
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DBMS class 10
THE
CopyrightASIAN SCHOOL DEHRADUN
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PROJECT REPORT ON DATA
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BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Prepared by:- Ashwin Singh
Class :- X-D
Submitted to :- Mrs. Jyotsna Pant
(Computer Teacher)
Email
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I want to express my deep and sincere gratitude to
Principal Sir for providing infrastructure necessary for
successful completion of this project . I extend my
hearty thanks to Mrs. JYOTSNA PANT for her
encouragement and for all the guidance that she
provided for this project work. I got this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude to my parents
invaluable guidance, constant encouragement and
immense motivation at all stages of my life. At last I
would also like to thank GOD ALMIGHTY.
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CONTENTS
1-Introduction
2- Basic Concepts and Definitions
3- Data Base Properties
4-Need for a Database
5-What is Database Management System
6-Operations to be performed on a database
7-Characteristics of DBMS
8- Types of Users of DBMS
9- Steps to Design a DBMS
10-Advantages of using DBMS Approach
11-Limitations of using DBMS Approach
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Introduction:
The key to organizational success is effective decision
making which requires timely, relevant and accurate
information. Hence information plays a critical role in
today's competitive environment. Database Management
Software (DBMS) simplifies the task of managing the data
and extracting useful information out of it.
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Basic Concepts and Definitions:
Data is a collection of raw facts which have not been
processed to reveal useful information. Information is
produced by processing data as shown in Figure 1.2(a).
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Contd.
Data Processing For example, given the data of the test
marks of all the students in a class (data), the average,
maximum and minimum marks in the class can be
used as indicators of the performance of the class
(information). In other words, we can say that we have
extracted the information about average, maximum
and minimum marks for given student data in Figure
1.2(b).
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Contd.
Databases are being used extensively in our day-to-day
life. Be it business, engineering, medicine, education,
library, to name a few. For example, consider the name,
class, roll number, marks in every subject of every
student in a school. To record this information about
every student in a school, the school might have
maintained a register, or stored it on a hard drive using
a computer system and software such as a spreadsheet
or DBMS package. Such collection of related data that
has been recorded, organized and made available for
searching is called a Database.
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DATA BASE PROPERTIES
1) A database is a representation of some aspect of the
real world also called miniworld. Whenever there are
changes in this miniworld they are also reflected in the
database.
2) It is designed, built and populated with data for
specific purpose.
3) It can be of any size and complexity.
4) It can be maintained manually or it may be
computerized.
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Need for a Database
In traditional file processing, data is stored in the form
of files. A number of application programs are written
by programmers to insert, delete, modify and retrieve
data from these files. New application programs will
be added to the system as the need arises.
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Example:
Consider the Sales and Payroll departments of a
company. One user will maintain information about
all the salespersons in the Sales department in some
file say File1 and another user will maintain details
about the payroll of the salesperson in a separate file
say File2 in the Payroll Department as shown in Figure
1.3(a)
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Contd.
Although both the departments need information about the
salesperson but they will store information about the
salesperson in different files and will use different application
programs to access those files. This would result in:
1. Data Redundancy: Same information is stored in more than
one file. This would result in wastage of space.
2. Data Inconsistency: If a file is updated then all the files
containing similar information must be updated else it would
result in inconsistency of data.
3. Lack of Data Integration: As data files are independent,
accessing information out of multiple files becomes very
difficult. Database approach overcomes these problems and also
adds a lot of advantages as discussed later. In database approach,
a single repository of data is maintained which is accessed by
different users as per their needs.
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What is Database Management
System
A database management system is a collection of
programs that enables users to create, maintain and
use a database. It enables creation of a repository of
data that is defined once and then accessed by
different users as per their requirements. Thus there is
a single repository of data which is accessed by all the
application programs as shown below Figure 1.4(a).
ApplicationPrograms
DBMSSoftware
StoredDatabase&
ItsDefinition
Figure1.4(a):DBMSEnvironment
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Operations to be performed on a
database
The various operations that need to be performed on a
database are as follows:
1. Defining the Database: It involves specifying the
data type of data that will be stored in the database
and also any constraints on that data.
2. Populating the Database: It involves storing the
data on some storage medium that is controlled by
DBMS.
3. Manipulating the Database: It involves modifying
the database, retrieving data or querying the database,
generating reports from the database etc.
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Contd.
4. Sharing the Database: Allow multiple users to
access the database at the same time.
5. Protecting the Database: It enables protection of
the database from software/ hardware failures and
unauthorized access.
6. Maintaining the Database: It is easy to adapt to the
changing requirements. Some examples of DBMS are –
MySQL, Oracle, DB2, IMS, IDS etc.
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Characteristics of DBMS
The main characteristics of a DBMS are as follows:
1. Self-describing Nature of a Database System:
DBMS contains not only the database but also the
description of the data that it stores. This description
of data is called metadata. Meta-data is stored in a
database catalogue or data dictionary. It contains the
structure of the data and also the constraints that are
imposed on the data.
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