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Botany Interview Prep: Key Concepts

The document outlines key botany topics essential for interview preparation, including photosynthesis, plant hormones, cell biology, taxonomy, anatomy, diversity, ecology, economic uses, pathology, practical techniques, and recent advances in plant science. It covers definitions and functions of various plant processes, structures, and classifications, as well as the significance of plants in ecosystems and human use. Additionally, it highlights modern developments like GM crops and CRISPR technology.

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MeEr Samad LegHari
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73 views3 pages

Botany Interview Prep: Key Concepts

The document outlines key botany topics essential for interview preparation, including photosynthesis, plant hormones, cell biology, taxonomy, anatomy, diversity, ecology, economic uses, pathology, practical techniques, and recent advances in plant science. It covers definitions and functions of various plant processes, structures, and classifications, as well as the significance of plants in ecosystems and human use. Additionally, it highlights modern developments like GM crops and CRISPR technology.

Uploaded by

MeEr Samad LegHari
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Botany Topics - Definitions & Quick Notes for Interview Preparation

Photosynthesis & Respiration


Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by chlorophyll-containing cells
using CO and HO. Produces glucose and O.
Respiration: Breakdown of glucose to release ATP (energy).
- Aerobic: With oxygen.
- Anaerobic: Without oxygen.

Plant Hormones & Growth Regulators


Auxins: Promote cell elongation, apical dominance.
Gibberellins: Stimulate stem elongation, seed germination.
Cytokinins: Promote cell division and delay senescence.
ABA (Abscisic Acid): Induces dormancy, closes stomata during stress.
Ethylene: Promotes fruit ripening and leaf abscission.

Cell Biology & Genetics


Plant Cell: Has cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole.
Mitosis/Meiosis: Cell division processes; meiosis leads to gametes.
DNA/RNA: Genetic materials; DNA is double-stranded, RNA single.
Mendels Laws: Principles of inheritance based on dominance and segregation.

Plant Taxonomy & Classification


Taxonomy: Study of naming and classifying plants.
Binomial Nomenclature: Two-part scientific naming system.
Major Families: Fabaceae (legumes), Solanaceae (tomato), Poaceae (grasses).

Plant Anatomy
Tissues:
- Meristematic (dividing)
- Permanent (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
Secondary Growth: Increase in girth via vascular cambium.
Vascular Bundles: Transport tissues (xylem and phloem).

Plant Diversity
Algae: Aquatic, photosynthetic organisms.
Fungi: Decomposers with chitin cell walls.
Bryophytes: Non-vascular; mosses and liverworts.
Pteridophytes: Seedless vascular plants (ferns).
Gymnosperms: Cone-bearing, non-flowering plants.
Angiosperms: Flowering, seed-bearing plants.

Plant Ecology
Ecosystem: Community of organisms + environment.
Adaptations:
- Xerophytes (dry)
- Hydrophytes (aquatic)
Succession: Natural development of plant communities.
Biodiversity: Variety of plant species in an ecosystem.

Economic Botany & Ethnobotany


Economic Botany: Study of plants used in food, medicine, fibers, oils.
Ethnobotany: Cultural and traditional uses of plants by indigenous people.

Plant Pathology
Plant Disease: Disruption of normal plant function due to pathogens.
Common Pathogens:
- Fungi (rusts)
- Bacteria (wilts)
- Viruses (mosaics)
Defense: Structural (cuticle), chemical (phytoalexins) mechanisms.

Practical Botany / Lab Techniques


Microscopy: Viewing plant structures using light or electron microscopes.
Tissue Culture: Growing plant cells in nutrient media under sterile conditions.
Herbarium: Collection of preserved plant specimens for reference.

Recent Advances in Plant Science


GM Crops: Genetically modified for improved yield/pest resistance (e.g., Bt cotton).
CRISPR: Genome-editing technique for precise gene modification.
Biofertilizers: Microbes that enhance plant nutrient uptake (e.g., Rhizobium).

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