Compilations of Abstracts
on Juvenile Delinquency
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the subject
CRIM 6: Criminological Research 1
Dideles, Jerson B.
October 2025
LOCAL STUDIES
The Moderating Effect of Parenting Styles towards the Relationship of Self-esteem and
Friendship quality on Juvenile Delinquency in Angeles City
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between self-esteem, friendship quality, and
adolescent criminality in the Philippines, a country with a high rate of delinquency. The research,
conducted on 198 adolescents aged 15-17 in Angeles City, found that authoritative parenting
promotes positive friendships and self-esteem, while permissive and authoritarian parenting
styles lead to less desirable outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for interventions tailored
to the cultural context of the Philippines to promote positive adolescent development and reduce
criminal behavior. Future research should use longitudinal and mixed-methods approaches to
gather diverse and representative samples. Understanding the interplay between parenting styles,
self-esteem, friendship quality, and adolescent misbehavior is crucial for developing effective
therapies.
KEYWORDS: juvenile delinquency; parenting styles; self-esteem; friendship quality; angeles
city; Philippines
Deprived Innocence: Youth Delinquency and the Restorative Factor of R.A. 9344
Abstract: The lowering of criminal liability of minors is a big issue that the Philippine society
faces in the modern world. The upper and the lower house of Congress have their version of
amending Republic Act 9344 known as the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006, primarily on
Sect. 6 regarding the age of criminal liability of minors. The amendment envisages reducing the
age of criminal liability from 15 to 9 years old because of the empirical observation and
deduction that those involved in crimes are adults and even teenagers and children alike. The
solution, therefore, of Congress is to brand children and youth in conflict with the law (CYCL)
as criminals so that proper judicial measures and process could be implemented and so that the
involvement of children and youth in crimes could be lessened if not prevented. One out of the
many reasons in amending the law is that children and youth in conflict with the law, in the
existing juvenile justice welfare act, could escape the penal system of judicial measures. This, in
effect, could be used by syndicates in promoting their aberrant intentions and acts. In other
words, children and teenagers could be used in criminal endeavors. Nevertheless, one might ask,
will the plan of Congress help provide a solution to the problem? Alternatively, the plan is just to
cover the real problem by blaming CYCL. Will it safeguard the interest of those criminally
involved children and youth or the interest of those adults to take advantage of these poor’s
innocence? Using the phenomenological lenses, this study attempts to understand the problem
behind this pressing issue of our time by unfolding the richness of the term youth concerning
Erik Erikson and Carl Rogers’ psychosocial concepts. Likewise, to lay down the reasons behind
the creation of the Republic Act 9344 and the steps it has to address the problem on society to
vis-à-vis the children and the youth. Finding a solution to the problem involving CYCL is not an
individual exertion on the part of the government; it is an endeavor of every sector in the
Philippines. Therefore, this study tries to look at the position and call of the Church in this
phenomenon in Philippine history. In the end, may this study be a wakeup for thinkers, patriots,
dreamers, positivists, social, and political scientists for further discussions and debates with a
vision of helping the young who is the very future of the dearest Pearl of the Orient.
The care of Filipino juvenile offenders in residential facilities evaluated using the risk-need-
responsivity model.
Abstract: According to the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model of offender assessment and
rehabilitation, treatment should target specific factors related to re-offending. This study
evaluates the residential care of Filipino juvenile offenders using the RNR model. Data from 55
juvenile offenders in four residential facilities were used for risk analyses and criminogenic
needs assessments, including factors such as parenting style, aggression, peer relationships,
empathy, and moral reasoning. Psychological care was assessed using a checklist. Results
revealed that juveniles had a high risk of re-offending, high levels of aggression, difficulties in
forming pro-social friendships, and delayed socio-moral development. The psychological
programs in the residential facilities were rated as poor and poorly matched to the characteristics
of the offenders, indicating a misfit with the RNR model. The study discusses implications for
research and practice.
A knowledge-based material in juvenile delinquency for community learning campaigns
Abstract: There is a growing concern of juvenile delinquency in the Philippines, particularly
among vulnerable youth exposed to poverty, violence, peer pressure, and a lack of proper
guidance. Despite existing legal frameworks and educational programs, there remains a
significant gap in accessible, community-based learning resources that specifically tackle
juvenile delinquency in a culturally and socially relevant manner. This mixed-method study
developed a knowledge-based material in juvenile delinquency in the Philippine context for
community learning campaigns. Evaluators (n=357), such as practitioners, administrators, and
instructors, were purposively sampled from higher education institutions (HEIs) in Eastern
Visayas, Philippines. Among them, interviews (n=15) were also conducted to extract in-depth
perceptions about the suitability, feasibility, and applicability of the proposed community
learning material. Practitioners, administrators, and instructors consistently rated the material as
very good in areas such as objectives, content, creativity, organization, and instructional
activities. Notably, instructors gave higher ratings across most criteria, particularly in objectives
and content, suggesting that the material aligns well with academic standards and classroom
applications. In addition, the material was rated very good in terms of its suitability, feasibility,
and acceptability, showing its pedagogical value and relevance in both academic and
community-based settings. The material was also acknowledged for its social relevance,
especially in addressing contemporary youth challenges such as peer pressure, lack of
mentorship, and exposure to systemic issues like poverty and violence. Using community
learning materials could serve as a transformative educational tool—not only enhancing
knowledge but also building civic awareness and preventive action among young learners and
communities.
In Constant Search for Affection: Untold Narratives of Juvenile Delinquents or
“SUKARAP” in Davao Region
Abstract: “Sukarap,” derived from “stagger,” reflects uncontrolled movements while walking.
This qualitative-phenomenological study focuses on the challenges faced by Sukarap members in
the Davao Region. Examining their involvement, reasons, challenges, and coping mechanisms,
the research engaged 14 Sukarap members through interviews and discussions. Participants
revealed experiences of painful initiation, exposure to vices, street riots, and life-threatening
situations. Coping strategies included diversion, peer support, and ignoring challenges. Insights
from Sukarap members highlighted belongingness, learning, and opportunities for change. In
conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of education and affection in nurturing the
optimal development of delinquent juveniles seeking attention and affection outside their
families. Keywords: gang, gangsterism, plight, Sukarap, stories to tell
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Impact of social factors responsible for Juvenile delinquency – A literature review
Abstract: Juvenile delinquency remains one of the most widespread social issues, significantly
influenced by various social factors and conditions. This literature review comprehensively
explores research focusing on juvenile offenders with an emphasis on the critical role social
factors play in juvenile delinquency. Through analysis of 80 scholarly articles meeting rigorous
inclusion criteria, the study synthesizes findings to elucidate how negative family dynamics,
parental neglect, and associations with delinquent peers contribute to the development of
delinquency. The review highlights that children raised in environments with affection and
support are less vulnerable to delinquent behaviors, while those experiencing parental
abandonment face a higher risk. The findings underscore the complexity of social influences on
youth crime and call for informed policy and preventive measures to address these root causes
effectively.
Behavior Modification in Juvenile Deliquency: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract: Adolescence is a very important transition period that every individual will go
through. Adolescence is also called the process of self-discovery and self-adjustment. It is not
uncommon for them to fall into behavior that deviates from the prevailing norms and values or is
known as juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency becomes a behavior that harms himself and
the people around him. As a guidance and counseling teacher, he has an obligation to direct his
students to positive things so that they do not fall further into juvenile delinquent behavior.
Preventive and curative efforts must be made by counseling teachers through guidance and
counseling services. The research method used is a systematic literature review that aims to
produce a synthesis of strong and reliable scientific evidence that can be used to build new
knowledge, inform decisions and guide future research. A total of 60 articles were identified and
PRISMA analysis was conducted, resulting in 14 articles being selected for further in-depth
identification of the entire article. The results of this study indicate that juvenile delinquency can
occur situationally due to peers, parenting and the community environment. In the school
environment, counseling teachers can provide counseling services to adolescents through the
provision of behavior modification techniques.
DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF JUVENILE
DELIQUENCY
Abstract: The article examines the significant influence of family dysfunction on the formation
of juvenile delinquency. It highlights how dysfunctional family dynamics—including long
working hours of parents resulting in lack of attention, psychological trauma from parental
divorce, and presence of criminal behaviors among family members—contribute to minors'
aggressive and antisocial behavior. The study underscores the negative impacts of domestic
violence, parental neglect, and ineffective parenting on children’s psychological and emotional
well-being. These factors lead to increased likelihood of juveniles engaging in criminal activities,
illustrating that family dysfunction, rather than mere absence of parents, is a critical
criminogenic factor. The article advocates for improved identification and intervention strategies
targeting domestic violence and dysfunctional familial relationships to mitigate juvenile
delinquency.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DELIQUENCY
Abstract: The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is of great significance for humanity in
general and especially for modern Ukrainian society. The process of building the country is
accompanied by objective difficulties, crisis phenomena in the economy and other industries,
deformations of social consciousness. As a result, the most vulnerable groups of the population
are children who are negatively affected. The main cause of juvenile delinquency is improper
parenting, lack of parental care for children, material deprivation, negative impact of the
environment in the absence of moral barriers. Negative changes in qualitative and quantitative
individual and psychological indicators of the identity of juvenile offenders are also important.
Key words: juvenile delinquency, family, “social outsider”, personality of juvenile offender
Juvenile justice systems across countries: Challenges and reforms.
Abstract: This UNICEF publication provides a comprehensive analysis of juvenile justice
systems worldwide, highlighting the disparities and challenges faced by children in conflict with
the law. It emphasizes the vulnerability of youth to violence and the urgent need for safeguards
throughout the justice process, from apprehension to rehabilitation. The report discusses
variations in legal definitions of 'juvenile,' the structure and stability of youth justice systems,
and the implications of these factors on children’s rights. It stresses the importance of child-
appropriate procedures, protection against violence and mistreatment, and adherence to
international standards such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The
report calls for reforms to ensure humane, rehabilitative approaches and the prevention of
juvenile involvement in the criminal justice system.
REFERENCES:
LOCAL
Alviola, A. (2025). A knowledge-based material in juvenile delinquency for community learning
campaigns. Environment and Social Psychology. [Link]
Canete, J., & Pandey, D. (2020). Deprived Innocence: Youth Delinquency and the Restorative
Factor of R.A. 9344. Human Arenas, 5, 538 - 549. [Link]
0.
Libago, M., Jajalla, J., & Royo, J. (2023). In Constant Search for Affection: Untold Narratives of
Juvenile Delinquents or “SUKARAP” in Davao Region. International Multidisciplinary
Research Journal. [Link]
RhemRick, N., , C., Beatrice, K., Yutuc, C., Dimaronsing, S., Nico, S., & Meneses, G. (2023).
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES TOWARDS THE
RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-ESTEEM AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY ON JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY IN ANGELES CITY. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research (IJMR). [Link]
Spruit, A., Wissink, I., & Stams, G. (2016). The care of Filipino juvenile offenders in residential
facilities evaluated using the risk-need-responsivity model.. International journal of law and
psychiatry, 47, 181-8 . [Link]
INTERNATIONAL
Abhishek, R., & Balamurugan, J. (2024). Impact of social factors responsible for juvenile
delinquency – A literature review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. Advance
online publication. [Link]
juvenile-abhishek-balamurugan/58068fcefd6750939d0f75b67b1d53bc/
Koval, M. (2019). PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DELIQUENCY.
State and Regions. Series: Law. [Link]
Nuha, M., Jalil, K., Indreswari, H., & Bariyyah, K. (2025). Behavior Modification in Juvenile
Deliquency: A Systematic Literature Review. Al-Ihath: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Islam. [Link]
Vodnik, V. D. (2019). Dysfunctional family as one of the factors of juvenile delinquency. Pro
Justitia, 2, Article 7025.
[Link]
UNICEF. (2019). Juvenile justice systems across countries: Challenges and reforms. UNICEF
Publications. [Link]
[Link]