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Biomolecules Overview and Functions

The document is a project by Chirag Sharma from Modern School on biomolecules, detailing their types, functions, and significance in biological processes. It covers carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, explaining their structures, classifications, and roles in energy storage, growth, and heredity. The project concludes that biomolecules are essential for life and play critical roles in metabolism and cellular functions.

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55 views5 pages

Biomolecules Overview and Functions

The document is a project by Chirag Sharma from Modern School on biomolecules, detailing their types, functions, and significance in biological processes. It covers carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, explaining their structures, classifications, and roles in energy storage, growth, and heredity. The project concludes that biomolecules are essential for life and play critical roles in metabolism and cellular functions.

Uploaded by

kusumsharma14518777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Biomolecules Project

■ Student Name: Chirag Sharma


■ School: Modern School
■ Class: 12th A2

Subject: Chemistry (Class 12)


CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Chirag Sharma of Class 12th A2 has successfully completed the Chemistry
project on Biomolecules for the academic session.

Teacher's Signature: ____________________


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank my Chemistry teacher and school administration for their constant guidance and
support. I also thank my parents and friends for motivating me during the project preparation.
Introduction to Biomolecules
Biomolecules are organic compounds produced by living organisms. They play vital roles in the
structure and metabolic
functioning of cells. The major types of biomolecules are:
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

These molecules are involved in biological processes such as energy storage, heredity, catalysis,
and cell defense.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They are the primary source of energy.
Classification:
• Monosaccharides – Glucose, Fructose
• Disaccharides – Sucrose, Lactose
• Polysaccharides – Starch, Cellulose
Functions: Provide energy, form structural components, act as reserve food.

Glucose Ring Structure

C C

C C

Sugars (Simple Carbohydrates)


Sugars are sweet, water-soluble carbohydrates. Examples: glucose, fructose, sucrose. They
provide instant energy.

Proteins
Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Types:
• Fibrous proteins – Keratin, Collagen
• Globular proteins – Enzymes, Hormones

Functions:
• Growth and repair
• Enzymatic actions
• Hormonal control
• Immunity (antibodies)

Amino Acids
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group (-NH2) and carboxyl
group (-COOH).
General formula: NH2—CH—COOH
Example: Glycine

H NH2

C H

COOH

Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.
Types:
• DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
Functions:
• Carry genetic code
• Help in protein synthesis

DNA Double Helix (Simplified)

Nucleosides
Nucleoside = Nitrogen Base + Sugar (No phosphate). Example: Adenosine.

Conclusion
Biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are essential for life. They
participate in metabolic, structural, and hereditary functions.

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