Week 4 - Tutorial 3
Centrifugal Pump &
Compressor
Tutorial by: Abhijit Date
Centrifugal pump Work done on the fluid per unit time,
𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑤1 𝑈1 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑉
ሶ 𝑤2 𝑈2
𝛼2 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑓2 𝐻𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
𝑔
𝑉𝑟2
𝛼2 𝑔𝐻
Manometric efficiency 𝜂𝑚 =
𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2
𝜌𝑄𝑔𝐻
𝑅2 Overall efficiency 𝜂𝑜 =
𝜔
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐸
𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛
𝐸
𝑉𝑓1
𝑉1 Mechanical efficiency
𝛼1 𝜌𝑄𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2
𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ =
𝑈1 𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑤1
𝑂 𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝑄
𝑉𝑤2 = 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑓2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽2 = 𝑈2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽2
𝐴
2
Centrifugal pump
𝑉𝑤2 = 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑓2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽2
Work head 𝑈2
Slip factor
′
imparted to the
𝑉𝑤2 fluid
𝜎𝑠 =
𝑉𝑤2 𝜎𝑠 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2
𝐻=
𝑔
3
Q1. A pumping station in Australia must pump water from sea to top of the hill with a net delivery head
of 50m and at constant volume flow rate of 0.1 m3/sec. A 3-pole-pair electric motor is connected to the
pump operating at supply frequency of 50 Hz. An axial inflow centrifugal pump was purchased to fulfill
this requirement. It has outlet diameter of 360 mm and inlet diameter of 170 mm. (i) Estimate all
parameters of inlet and outlet velocity triangles, and outlet height. Consider constant flow velocity and
manometric efficiency of the pump to be 68%. (ii) If mechanical efficiency is 0.75, calculate the power
supplied to the shaft and overall efficiency, (iii) If the slip factor is 0.8, recalculate the head imparted by
the pump (i.e. actual theoretical head).
Centrifugal compressor
5
Centrifugal compressor Work done on the fluid per unit time,
𝛼2
𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑤1 𝑈1 𝑊ሶ = 𝑚𝑉
ሶ 𝑤2 𝑈2
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑟2 = 𝑉𝑓2
∴ 𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑈22
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐵
- + 𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝑤2 = 𝑈2
- +
- +
- +
- +
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐸
- + 𝜔
𝐸
𝑉1 =
𝑉𝑓1 𝛽1
𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑈1
6
Centrifugal compressor Work done on the fluid per unit time,
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝛼2
𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑤1 𝑈1 𝑊ሶ = 𝑚𝑉
ሶ 𝑤2 𝑈2
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑟2 = 𝑉𝑓2
𝑉𝑟2 𝑉𝑓2
𝛽2
∴ 𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑈22
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐵
- + 𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝑤2 = 𝑈2
- +
- +
- +
- +
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐸
- + 𝜔 Slip factor
𝐸
′ ′
𝑉𝑤2 𝑉𝑤2 ∴ 𝑊ሶ = 𝜎𝑠 𝑚𝑈
ሶ 22
𝜎𝑠 = =
𝑉1 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2
𝑉1 =
𝑉𝑓1
𝑉𝑓
∝1 𝛽1 𝛽1
𝑉𝑤1
𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑈1 𝑈1
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝜎𝑠 as suggested by Stanitz
𝑂
0.63 𝜋
𝜎𝑠 = 1 − 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠/𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑛
Work done on the fluid per unit time, with
whirl at the inlet
𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2 − 𝑉𝑤1 𝑈1
7
Centrifugal compressor For adiabatic compressor, power can be written as
𝑊ሶ = 𝜑𝜎𝑠 𝑚𝑈
ሶ 22 𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑇02 − 𝑇01
where 𝑇01 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑇02 are stagnation temperatures at inlet and
where 𝜑 is the power input factor outlet of impeller
∴ 𝑚ሶ 𝜑𝜎𝑠 𝑈22 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑇02 − 𝑇01 Point 3 is at the outlet of the diffuser
𝑇02 𝑇03 𝜑𝜎𝑠 𝑈22
= =1+
𝑇01 𝑇01 𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑇01
𝑇03𝑠 − 𝑇01
𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 =
𝑇03 − 𝑇01
𝛾 𝛾
𝑃03 𝑇03𝑠 𝛾−1 𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑇02 − 𝑇01 𝛾−1
= = 1+
𝑃01 𝑇01 𝑇01
Mechanical efficiency 𝑄(𝑃03 −𝑃01 )
Overall efficiency 𝜂𝑜 =
𝜌𝑄𝑉𝑤2 𝑈2 𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛
𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ =
𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 =
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
8
Q2. A single inlet centrifugal compressor handles 528 kg/min of air. The ambient air conditions are 1 bar and 20oC. The
compressor runs at 20000 rpm with isentropic efficiency of 80%. The air is compressed in the compressor from 1 bar
static pressure to 4 bar total pressure. The air enters the impeller eye with a velocity of 145 m/s with no pre-whirl.
Assuming that the ratio of whirl speed to tip speed is 0.9. Calculate:
i. Rise in total temperature during compression if the change in K.E. is negligible.
ii. The tip diameter of the impeller.
iii. Power required
iv. Eye diameter if the hub diameter is 12 cm.
Q3. A centrifugal compressor running at 10000 rpm delivers 660 m3/min of free air. The air is compressed from 1
bar and 20°C to a pressure ratio of 4 with an isentropic efficiency of 82%. Blades are radial at outlet of the impeller
and flow velocity of 62 m/s may be assumed throughout constant. The outlet radius of the impeller is twice the
inner and the slip factor may be assumed as 0.9. The blade area coefficient may be assumed 0.9 at inlet. Calculate:
i. Final total temperature of air
ii. Theoretical power
iii. Impeller diameters at inlet and outlet
iv. Impeller blade angle at inlet
v. Breadth of impeller at inlet
vi. Diffuser blade angle at outlet