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1. Residential Buildings-
Any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential
purposes with or without cooking/dining. These are further classified as:
Group A-Residential
A1: Lodging or rooming houses.
A2: One or two-family private dwellingsA3: Dormitories
A4: Apartment houses
A5: Hotels (upto 4 star category)
A6: Hotels (Starred- five star and above)
(i) Lodging and rooming houses- These are buildings in which separate sleeping
accommodation with or without a dining facility but without a cooking facility is
provided. For instance, Inns, Clubs, Motels, and Guesthouses.
(ii) One or two-family private dwelling- A private dwelling which is occupied by members of
one or two-family. Maximum sleeping accommodation is provided for 20 persons.
(iii) Dormitories- Any building in which group sleeping accommodation is provided with or
without dining facilities. e.g., School and College Dormitories, Hostels, and Military
Barracks.
(iv) Apartment Houses- Buildings in which living quarters are provided for three or more
families having independent cooking facilities and living independently of each other. e.g.,
apartments, Mansions, and Chowls.
(v) Hotels -Buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided with or without dining
facilities for up to four-star categories (hotels).
(vi) Hotels (Starred) Normally five star and above by local authority.
2. Educational Buildings
Any building used for school, college, and other training institutions having a minimum of
20 students.
(i) Schools up to Senior Secondary level Minimum students should be 20.
(ii) All others/training institute Minimum students should be 100.
3. Institutional Buildings-
Buildings that are used for medical or other treatment, care of persons suffering from
physical and mental illness, care of infants, for inmates etc are called institutional buildings
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(i) Hospital and Sanatoria -Any building which is used for the treatment of patients e.g.,
hospitals, sanatoria, infirmaries, and nursing homes.
(ii) Custodial Institutions Any building used for custody and care of a person for instance
children, old age homes, orphanages, etc
(iii) Penal and mental institutions Any building which is used for housing persons whose liberty is
restricted e.g., jails, prisons, mental hospitals, etc.
4. Assembly Buildings
Any building in which a minimum of 50 persons gathers for recreational, amusement, social,
religious, patriotic purposes e.g., theatres, assembly halls, exhibition halls, museums,
estaurants, places of worship, etc.
These are classified into 7 types:
(i) The building having theatrical or motion pictures or any other stage having fixed seats for
over 1000 persons.
(ii) The building having theatrical or motion pictures or any other stage having fixed seats for
up to 1000 persons.
(iii) Buildings without a permanent stage having an accommodation for 300 or
morepersons but no permanent seating arrangements.
(iv) All other structures including temporary structures designed for assembly
ofpeoples.
(v) Buildings having mixed occupancies of assembly and mercantile
(vi) Underground and elevated mass rapid transit system.
5. Business Buildings
Any buildings used for the transaction of business, professional establishments, service
facilities, etc. are termed as business buildings.
These are further divided into 5 types –
(i) Offices, banks, professional establishments etc.
(ii) Laboratories, clinics, research establishments and libraries etc.
(iii) IT parks, call centers etc.
(iv) Telephone exchange
(v) Broadcasting stations, TV stations and air traffic control towers.
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6. Mercantile Buildings
Any building which is used as a shop, store, market, etc. is known as mercantile buildings.
These are further classified as:
(i) Shops, stores, departmental stores, markets (covered area up to 500 sq. m ).
(ii) Shops, stores, departmental stores, markets (covered area more than 500 sq. m).
(iii) Underground shopping centres, storage and service facilities
7. Industrial Buildings
Any building in which products or materials are fabricated, assembled, manufactured, or
processed. For instance, assembly plants, industrial laboratories, power plants, pumping
stations, etc.
Buildings for low hazard industry –
Buildings in which those things are manufactured that have lowcombustibility.
Buildings for moderate hazard industry-
Buildings in which those things are manufactured which will burn withmoderate rapidity.
Buildings for high hazard industry-
Buildings in which those things are manufactured which will burn withextreme rapidity and
results in hazardous situations.
8. STORAGE BUILDINGS
Any building which is used for storage of goods, ware or merchandise, vehicles or
animals. e.g., warehouse, cold storage, garages, stables, etc.
9. HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS
Buildings which are used for storage, handling, manufacture, or processing of highly
combustible or explosive material. For instance, manufacture of explosives and fireworks,
storage of highly flammable liquids, storage of LPG, rocket propellants, etc.
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SELECTION OF SITE FOR BUILDINGS :-
1. The soil of site should have good bearing capacity. Hard strata should be availableat
reasonable depth, around 1.2m to1.5m depth from ground level.
2. The site should be on elevated ground. It should have slope towards front street to afford good
facility of drainage.
3. Sites nearer to ponds ,pools of water, water logged areas must be avoided as theyremain in
damp condition .
4. Sites near to high voltage power transmission lines are avoided.
5. Sites very nearer to big shopping complexes , markets, railway station ,airport areavoided
6. The surrounding of site should be pleasing and calm.
7. The orientation of site should be such that it receives natural light and air inplenty.
8. The location of site is such that the common facilities like school, transportation, medical
facilities etc are within reasonable range.
9. Sites in developed colonies should be preferred.
10. The layout of the colony should be approved by local authorities. This will help in getting
essential facilities like water , drainage ,electricity, telephone connection etc easily.
COMPONENTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Building component means any subsystem, subassembly, or other system designed for use in,
or as part of, a structure, which may include structural, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and
fire protection systems and other systems affecting health and safety.
The basic function of a building is to provide structurally sound and environmentally
controlled spaces to house and protect occupants and contents.A building is combination of
various components. A Civil Engineer should have good knowledge of execution of each and
every component with respect to design layouts given by Architect.