``` tum mare ak best prompt engineere teacher ho.

is paragraph ko asan or
baby step me samjha do or ak ak jumle ko cover kar wana hai or is andaz me
samjga do k yad karna asan or simple ho or complex or hard words k mening
be samjha na hai

Introduction When thinking about a large language model input and output,
a text prompt (sometimes
accompanied by other modalities such as image prompts) is the input the
model uses to predict a specific output. You don’t need to be a data scientist
or a machine learning engineer – everyone can write a prompt. However,
crafting the most effective prompt can be complicated. Many aspects of your
prompt affect its efficacy: the model you use, the model’s training data, the
model configurations, your word-choice, style and tone, structure, and
context all matter. Therefore, prompt engineering is an iterative process.
Inadequate prompts can lead to ambiguous, inaccurate responses, and can
hinder the model’s ability to provide meaningful output.

When you chat with the Gemini chatbot,1 you basically write prompts,
however this
whitepaper focuses on writing prompts for the Gemini model within Vertex
AI or by using
the API, because by prompting the model directly you will have access to the
configuration such as temperature etc.

This whitepaper discusses prompt engineering in detail. We will look into

the various
prompting techniques to help you getting started and share tips and best
practices to become a prompting expert. We will also discuss some of the
challenges you can face
while crafting prompts. ```

Great! Let’s break this paragraph down sentence by sentence, explain

each in simple, baby steps, and also explain the difficult or complex
words along the way. This way, you’ll understand and remember it easily.

Original Sentence 1:

"When thinking about a large language model input and output, a

text prompt (sometimes accompanied by other modalities such as
image prompts) is the input the model uses to predict a specific
output."

Simple Explanation: Jab hum large language model (LLM) ke input aur
output ke baare me sochte hain, to "text prompt" (kabhi kabhi doosri
cheezein jaise image bhi hoti hain) wo cheez hoti hai jo hum model ko
dete hain, taake wo hume koi output de sake.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Large Language Model: Aisa AI system jo bohat ziada text data se

seekhta hai (jaise ChatGPT ya Gemini).
 • Input: Jo cheez hum AI ko dete hain (like a question or command).
• Output: Jo jawab AI hume deta hai.
• Prompt: Jo hum AI ko likh kar batate hain – command ya question.
• Modalities: Alag alag type ki input, jaise text, image, audio, etc.
• Accompanied by: Saath me hona.
• Predict: Andaza lagana ya jawab dena.

Original Sentence 2:

"You don’t need to be a data scientist or a machine learning engineer

– everyone can write a prompt."

Simple Explanation: Aapko data scientist ya machine learning expert

hone ki zarurat nahi hai – har koi prompt likh sakta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Data Scientist / ML Engineer: Technical log jo AI aur data ke sath

kaam karte hain.
• Everyone: Har shakhs.

Original Sentence 3:

"However, crafting the most effective prompt can be complicated."

Simple Explanation:
Lekin, sabse achha aur powerful prompt
banana thoda mushkil ho sakta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Crafting: Banana, tayar karna.

• Effective: Asar-daar, jo acha kaam kare.
• Complicated: Mushkil, thoda complex.

Original Sentence 4:

"Many aspects of your prompt affect its efficacy: the model you use,
the model’s training data, the model configurations, your word-
choice, style and tone, structure, and context all matter."

Simple Explanation: Aapke prompt ke bohat se pehlu (cheezain) uske

asar par farq dalte hain, jaise:

• aap kaunsa model use kar rahe ho,

• model kis data se train hua,
• model ki settings kya hain,
• aapke alfaaz ka chunaav (word choice),
• likhne ka style aur tone,
• prompt ki structure aur uska context — ye sab important hain.
 Hard Words Meaning:

• Aspects: Pehlu, different parts.

• Affect: Asar dalna.
• Efficacy: Asar, faida.
• Training Data: Data jis se model ne seekha hai.
• Configurations: Settings ya options.
• Word-choice: Kaunse alfaaz choose kiye hain.
• Tone: Lehja (friendly, serious, etc).
• Structure: Kis tarah se likha gaya hai (format).
• Context: Background ya situation.

Original Sentence 5:

"Therefore, prompt engineering is an iterative process."

Simple Explanation:Isliye, prompt banane ka process repeat hota

rehta hai – ek baar me perfect nahi banta, baar baar try karte hain.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Therefore: Isliye.
• Prompt Engineering: Prompt likhne ka science aur art.
• Iterative: Repeat karne wala process, jisme aap sudhaar karte ho har
dafa.

Original Sentence 6:

"Inadequate prompts can lead to ambiguous, inaccurate responses,

and can hinder the model’s ability to provide meaningful output."

Simple Explanation:
Agar aapka prompt theek nahi hai (kamzor ya
unclear), to:

• jawab ghalat ya unclear aa sakta hai,

• aur model achha jawab nahi de paayega.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Inadequate: Jo kaafi nahi hai, kamzor.

• Ambiguous: Do matlab wala, unclear.
• Inaccurate: Ghalat, sahi nahi.
• Hinder: Rukawat daalna.
• Meaningful Output: Acha, samajhdaar jawab.

Original Sentence 7:

"When you chat with the Gemini chatbot, you basically write
prompts, however this whitepaper focuses on writing prompts for the
Gemini model within Vertex AI or by using the API, because by
prompting the model directly you will have access to the
configuration such as temperature etc."

Simple Explanation: Jab aap Gemini chatbot se baat karte ho, to aap
prompt hi likh rahe hote ho. Lekin is whitepaper ka focus hai Gemini
model ke professional tareeqay se prompts likhna — Vertex AI ya API
ke zariye. Is tareeqe me aap model ki settings (jaise temperature) ko bhi
control kar sakte ho.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Whitepaper: Ek detailed guide ya explanation document.

• Vertex AI: Google ka AI platform.
• API (Application Programming Interface): Ek tareeqa jisse aap
software se programmatically baat karte hain.
• Configuration: Setting options.
• Temperature: Model ki creativity level – zyada temperature matlab
zyada creative jawab.

Original Sentence 8:

"This whitepaper discusses prompt engineering in detail."

Simple Explanation:Yeh whitepaper prompt engineering ko detail

me explain karta hai.

Original Sentence 9:

"We will look into the various prompting techniques to help you
getting started and share tips and best practices to become a
prompting expert."

Simple Explanation:
Hum alag alag prompt likhne ke tareeqe
(techniques) dekhenge, jo aapko start karne me madad karenge. Aur kuch
tips aur best practices bhi share karenge — taake aap ek expert ban jao.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Techniques: Tareeqe, methods.

• Getting Started: Shuruaat karna.
• Best Practices: Behtareen tareeqe jo professionals follow karte hain.

Original Sentence 10:

"We will also discuss some of the challenges you can face while
crafting prompts."
 Simple Explanation: Hum kuch problems/challenges ke baare me bhi
baat karenge jo aapko prompt banate waqt face karni pad sakti hain.

Great! Let’s break this down sentence-by-sentence, just like before —

explain it in baby steps, make the hard words simple, and write each
English sentence clearly first, followed by the easy explanation in Urdu/
Hindi-style English.

Section: Prompt Engineering

Original Sentence 1:

"Remember how an LLM works; it’s a prediction engine."

Simple Explanation: Yaad rakho ke LLM (Large Language Model) ek

prediction machine hota hai. Ye andaza lagata hai ke aage kya aana
chahiye.

Hard Words Meaning:

• LLM: AI model jo language (zaban) ko samajhta aur likhta hai.

• Prediction engine: Machine jo guess ya future ka andaza lagata hai.

Original Sentence 2:

"The model takes sequential text as an input and then predicts what
the following token should be, based on the data it was trained on."

Simple Explanation: Model ko ek text milta hai line-by-line

(sequentially) — phir ye andaza lagata hai ke agli word (token) kya honi
chahiye, us data ke base par jisse model train hua hota hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Sequential text: Jo text ek ke baad ek line ya lafz me likha gaya ho.

• Token: A word, part of a word, ya character – AI ke liye input ka ek
tukda.
• Trained on: Jis data pe model ne seekha hai.

Original Sentence 3:

"The LLM is operationalized to do this over and over again, adding

the previously predicted token to the end of the sequential text for
predicting the following token."
 Simple Explanation: LLM baar-baar yehi kaam karta hai: har naya
word (token) predict karta hai, aur usay last me add karta hai, taake agli
baar prediction me uska bhi use ho.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Operationalized: Kisi cheez ko kaam me lagana, use karna.

• Previously predicted token: Pehle se predict kiya gaya lafz.

Original Sentence 4:

"The next token prediction is based on the relationship between

what’s in the previous tokens and what the LLM has seen during its
training."

Simple Explanation: Model ye dekh kar andaza lagata hai ke previous

words me kya tha aur usne training ke dauran kya dekha tha — phir agla
lafz predict karta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Relationship: Talluq, connection.

• During its training: Jab model training me tha.

Original Sentence 5:

"When you write a prompt, you are attempting to set up the LLM to
predict the right sequence of tokens."

Simple Explanation: Jab aap prompt likhte ho, to aap model ko sahi
lafzon ka silsila (sequence) predict karne ke liye tayar kar rahe hote ho.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Attempting: Koshish karna.

• Sequence of tokens: Lafzon ki sahi line.

Original Sentence 6:

"Prompt engineering is the process of designing high-quality

prompts that guide LLMs to produce accurate outputs."

Simple Explanation: Prompt engineering ka matlab hai: achhe aur

strong prompts design karna, jo LLM ko sahi jawab dene me madad
karein.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Designing: Banane ka process.

• High-quality: Behtareen, acchi quality ke.
 • Guide: Raasta dikhana, lead karna.
• Accurate output: Bilkul sahi jawab.

Original Sentence 7:

"This process involves tinkering to find the best prompt, optimizing

prompt length, and evaluating a prompt’s writing style and structure
in relation to the task."

Simple Explanation: Is process me aap:

• prompts ko adjust (tinker) karte ho,

• prompt ki length ka best size choose karte ho,
• aur writing style aur format dekhte ho — taake task ke mutabiq ho.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Tinkering: Chhoti chhoti changes karke behtar banana.

• Optimizing: Best banana.
• Evaluating: Check karna, judge karna.
• In relation to: Kisi cheez ke mutabiq.

Original Sentence 8:

"In the context of natural language processing and LLMs, a prompt is

an input provided to the model to generate a response or prediction."

Simple Explanation: Natural Language Processing (NLP) aur LLMs me

prompt wo input hota hai jo model ko diya jata hai, taake wo koi jawab
ya prediction de.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Context: Haalaat, environment.

• Natural Language Processing (NLP): AI ka woh part jo human
language ko samajhne aur likhne ke liye hota hai.

Section: Prompt Engineering (continued)

Original Sentence 9:

"These prompts can be used to achieve various kinds of

understanding and generation tasks such as text summarization,
information extraction, question and answering, text classification,
language or code translation, code generation, and code
documentation or reasoning."
 Simple Explanation: Prompt ka use bohat sare tasks me hota hai, jaise:

• text ka summary banana,

• important info nikaalna (extraction),
• sawal ka jawab dena,
• text ko category me rakhna,
• language ya code ka translation,
• code banana,
• code ke baare me reasoning ya explanation dena.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Summarization: Text ka chhota version.

• Information extraction: Text se zaroori info nikaalna.
• Classification: Categories me divide karna.
• Translation: Translate karna (ek zaban se doosri me).
• Documentation: Code ka explain likhna.
• Reasoning: Soch samajh ke jawab dena.

Original Sentence 10:

"Please feel free to refer to Google’s prompting guides with simple

and effective prompting examples."

Simple Explanation: Aap Google ke prompting guides dekh sakte ho —

wahan simple aur achhe prompt examples diye gaye hain.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Refer to: Dekhna ya consult karna.

• Effective: Asar-daar, powerful.

Original Sentence 11:

"When prompt engineering, you will start by choosing a model."

Simple Explanation: Jab aap prompt engineering start karte ho, to sabse
pehle aapko model choose karna hota hai.

Original Sentence 12:

"Prompts might need to be optimized for your specific model,

regardless of whether you use Gemini language models in Vertex AI,
GPT, Claude, or an open source model like Gemma or LLaMA."

Simple Explanation: Har model ke liye prompt thoda adjust karna

padta hai, chahe aap Gemini use karo (Vertex AI me), ya GPT, Claude,
Gemma, ya LLaMA — sab ke liye alag tuning zaroori hoti hai.
 Hard Words Meaning:

• Optimized: Behtareen banaya gaya.

• Regardless of: Chahe jo bhi ho.
• Open source model: Free and public model jo har koi use kar sakta
hai.

Original Sentence 13:

"Besides the prompt, you will also need to tinker with the various
configurations of a LLM."

Simple Explanation: Prompt ke ilawa, aapko model ki settings

(configurations) ke sath bhi thodi experimenting (tinkering) karni padti
hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Tinker: Try karna, test karna.

• Configurations: Settings — jaise temperature, max tokens, etc.

Great! Let's now break this paragraph down sentence-by-sentence — in a

way that is simple, step-by-step, using Urdu/Hindi-style English, and
we’ll also explain all difficult words. Each English sentence will be written
first, then the explanation will follow.

Section: LLM Output Configuration

Original Sentence 1:

"Once you choose your model you will need to figure out the model
configuration."

Simple Explanation: Jab aap model choose kar lete ho, to aapko uski
settings samajhni aur set karni hoti hain — isse kehte hain
configuration.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Figure out: Samajhna ya decide karna.

• Configuration: Settings ya adjustments jo model ke kaam ko control
karti hain.
 Original Sentence 2:

"Most LLMs come with various configuration options that control the
LLM’s output."

Simple Explanation: Zyada tar LLMs ke paas alag alag settings

(options) hoti hain — jo decide karti hain ke model ka output kaisa hoga.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Various: Bohat saari, different.

• Control the output: Decide karna ke model kya aur kaise likhe.

Original Sentence 3:

"Effective prompt engineering requires setting these configurations

optimally for your task."

Simple Explanation: Agar aap achhi prompt engineering karna chahte

ho, to in settings ko sahi tareeke se (optimally) set karna zaroori hota
hai — taake aapka task sahi ho jaye.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Effective: Asardaar, achha.

• Optimally: Sabse behtareen tareeke se.

Subsection: Output Length

Original Sentence 4:

"An important configuration setting is the number of tokens to

generate in a response."

Simple Explanation: Ek bohat important setting ye hoti hai ke model

kitne words (tokens) likhe reply me.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Tokens: Words ya unke tukde, jo model use karta hai.

• Generate: Banana ya likhna.

Original Sentence 5:

"Generating more tokens requires more computation from the LLM,

leading to higher energy consumption, potentially slower response
times, and higher costs."
 Simple Explanation: Jitna zyada text (tokens) aap likhwate ho, utna
zyada model ko kaam karna padta hai — isse:

• Zyada energy lagti hai,

• Model thoda slow ho sakta hai,
• Aur cost bhi zyada ho sakti hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Computation: AI ka kaam karna — processing.

• Energy consumption: Kitni bijli ya power lagti hai.
• Response time: Kitni der me jawab milta hai.

Original Sentence 6:

"Reducing the output length of the LLM doesn’t cause the LLM to
become more stylistically or textually succinct in the output it
creates, it just causes the LLM to stop predicting more tokens once
the limit is reached."

Simple Explanation: Agar aap LLM ka output chhota kar dete ho, to iska
matlab ye nahi ke model stylistic aur clear likhega — iska sirf ye matlab
hota hai ke limit tak likhega aur fir ruk jayega.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Stylistically/textually succinct: Khoobsurat, short aur clearly likhna.

• Doesn’t cause: Aisa nahi hota.
• Limit is reached: Jab limit complete ho jati hai.

Original Sentence 7:

"If your needs require a short output length, you’ll also possibly need
to engineer your prompt to accommodate."

Simple Explanation: Agar aapko chhoti output chahiye, to ho sakta hai

aapko prompt bhi waise design karni pade — taake model short answer
de.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Engineer your prompt: Prompt ko design karna.

• Accommodate: Adjust karna ya fit karna.

Original Sentence 8:

"Output length restriction is especially important for some LLM

prompting techniques, like ReAct, where the LLM will keep emitting
useless tokens after the response you want."
 Simple Explanation: Kuch techniques jaise ReAct, me agar output length
set na ho, to LLM fuzool aur extra tokens likhta rahta hai — isliye length
control karna zaroori hota hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Restriction: Limit, rukawat.

• Emitting: Nikalna, likhna.
• Useless tokens: Be-kar ke lafz ya text.

Original Sentence 9:

"Be aware, generating more tokens requires more computation from

the LLM, leading to higher energy consumption and potentially
slower response times, which leads to higher costs."

Simple Explanation: Yaad rakho: Zyada tokens likhwane ka matlab hai:

• Model zyada kaam karega,

• Energy zyada lagegi,
• Jawab slow milega,
• Aur paisa bhi zyada lagega.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Be aware: Dhyan rakho.

• Leads to: Result karta hai.

Summary Style Reminder:

configuration
Har model ke output ko control karne ke liye
settings use hoti hain. Output length (kitna text generate ho) ek
important setting hai. Zyada text ka matlab zyada power, slow
response, aur zyada cost. Chhoti output ka matlab ye nahi ke
model khud short likhega — aapko prompt bhi usi hisaab se
banana padega. ReAct jaise techniques me output limit set karna
bohot zaroori hai.

Great! Let’s break this Sampling Controls section into baby steps, one
English sentence at a time — and explain each one in easy language, with
all hard words explained, so it’s super simple to understand and
remember.

Section: Sampling Controls

 Original Sentence 1:

"LLMs do not formally predict a single token."

Simple Explanation: LLMs seedha ek word ya token predict nahi

karti.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Formally: Seedha, direct tareeke se.

• Token: Model ke liye word ya word ka tukda.

Original Sentence 2:

"Rather, LLMs predict probabilities for what the next token could be,
with each token in the LLM’s vocabulary getting a probability."

Simple Explanation: Model har token ke liye chance (probability)

nikalta hai ke agli baar kya aa sakta hai — har token ko ek number milta
hai (jaise 70% chance, 10% chance, etc).

Hard Words Meaning:

• Rather: Balkay.
• Probabilities: Chances, mumkinat.
• Vocabulary: Model ke pass jitne words ya tokens hain.

Original Sentence 3:

"Those token probabilities are then sampled to determine what the

next produced token will be."

Simple Explanation: Phir model in chances me se randomly ek token

choose karta hai — isi process ko sampling kehte hain.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Sampled: Randomly choose karna.

• Determine: Decide karna.

Original Sentence 4:

"Temperature, top-K, and top-P are the most common configuration

settings that determine how predicted token probabilities are
processed to choose a single output token."

Simple Explanation: Temperature, Top-K, aur Top-P teen common

settings hain jo decide karti hain ke kaunsa token select hoga.
 Hard Words Meaning:

• Configuration settings: Options ya controls jo model ke behavior ko

change karti hain.
• Processed: Use karke final result decide karna.

Subsection: Temperature

Original Sentence 5:

"Temperature controls the degree of randomness in token selection."

Simple Explanation: Temperature decide karta hai ke kitna random

(unexpected) output aayega.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Degree: Level.
• Randomness: Andazay se, bina kisi fix pattern ke.

Original Sentence 6:

"Lower temperatures are good for prompts that expect a more

deterministic response, while higher temperatures can lead to more
diverse or unexpected results."

Simple Explanation:

• Low temperature = Model same/sure answer deta hai (deterministic).

• High temperature = Model zyada creative, alag-alag jawab deta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Deterministic: Predictable, fix result dena.

• Diverse: Mukhtalif, variety wali.
• Unexpected: Jo pehle nahi socha tha.

Original Sentence 7:

"A temperature of 0 (greedy decoding) is deterministic: the highest

probability token is always selected."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature 0 ho (isko greedy decoding

kehte hain) to model hamesha sabse zyada chance wala word choose
karega.
 Hard Words Meaning:

• Greedy decoding: Seedha sabse best option uthana.

• Always selected: Hamesha wahi choose hoga.

Original Sentence 8:

"(though note that if two tokens have the same highest predicted
probability, depending on how tiebreaking is implemented you may
not always get the same output with temperature 0)."

Simple Explanation: Lekin agar do tokens ka chance same ho, to

model har baar same answer nahi de sakta — ye depend karta hai ke
tiebreak kaise set hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Tiebreaking: Jab do options equal ho to kaunsa choose ho.

• Implemented: Kaise apply kiya gaya hai.

Original Sentence 9:

"Temperatures close to the max tend to create more random output."

Simple
Explanation: Jitna temperature zyada hoga, utna model ka output random
aur creative hoga.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Close to the max: Zyada ke kareeb.

• Tend to: Aksar hota hai.

Original Sentence 10:

"And as temperature gets higher and higher, all tokens become

equally likely to be the next predicted token."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature bohat high ho jaye, to har token

ka chance equal ho jata hai — koi bhi word aa sakta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Equally likely: Har token ka barabar chance.

• Predicted token: Agla word jo model likhega.
 Original Sentence 11:

"The Gemini temperature control can be understood in a similar way

to the softmax function used in machine learning."

Simple Explanation: Gemini ka temperature control bhi bilkul

softmax function ki tarah kaam karta hai, jo machine learning me use
hota hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Softmax function: Ek formula jo probabilities nikalta hai.

Original Sentence 12:

"A low temperature setting mirrors a low softmax temperature (T),

emphasizing a single, preferred temperature with high certainty."

Simple Explanation: Low temperature ka matlab hota hai ke sirf ek best

option par focus ho, jo model ko sure lagta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Mirrors: Reflect karta hai, same behave karta hai.

• Emphasizing: Zor dena.
• High certainty: Puri surety.

Original Sentence 13:

"A higher Gemini temperature setting is like a high softmax

temperature, making a wider range of temperatures around the
selected setting more acceptable."

Simple Explanation: High Gemini temperature ka matlab hota hai ke

model bohat saare options ko allow karta hai — variety aati hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Wider range: Zyada choices.

• Acceptable: Chalega ya manzoor hoga.

Original Sentence 14:

"This increased uncertainty accommodates scenarios where a rigid,

precise temperature may not be essential like for example when
experimenting with creative outputs."

Simple Explanation: Aise flexible temperature ka use creative tasks ke

liye achha hota hai — jahan exact jawab important nahi hota.
 Hard Words Meaning:

• Increased uncertainty: Zyada unpredictability.

• Accommodates: Adjust karta hai.
• Rigid: Hard/fix.
• Essential: Zaroori.

Quick Summary Notes:

| Setting | Simple Meaning | | --------------- |
---------------------------------------------------------------- | | Sampling | Model randomly
selects a word based on probability. | | Temperature | Controls randomness:
low = fixed output, high = creative output. | | 0 Temp | Always chooses best
word. | | High Temp | Allows more variety, randomness, creativity. | |
Softmax | Formula used to assign chances (probabilities). |

Want me to explain Top-K and Top-P sampling next in the same style?

Let’s break this “Top-K and Top-P” section into very simple, baby steps
— one English sentence at a time — and explain each with clear Urdu-style
explanation, including the meaning of hard/technical words.

Section: Top-K and Top-P

Original Sentence 1:

"Top-K and top-P (also known as nucleus sampling) are two sampling
settings used in LLMs to restrict the predicted next token to come
from tokens with the top predicted probabilities."

Simple Explanation: Top-K aur Top-P do settings hoti hain jo decide

karti hain ke model sirf best options me se agla word choose kare —
yani model ke andar top chance wale tokens me se.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Sampling settings: Tarike jinse model agla word choose karta hai.
• Restrict: Limit karna.
• Predicted probabilities: Chance ya possibility ke model ne kya guess
kiya.

Original Sentence 2:

"Like temperature, these sampling settings control the randomness

and diversity of generated text."
 Simple Explanation: Jaise temperature randomness control karta
hai, waise hi Top-K aur Top-P bhi decide karte hain ke text kitna
predictable ya creative ho.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Randomness: Andazay se aane wala result.

• Diversity: Variety ya mukhtalif jawab.

Top-K Sampling

Original Sentence 3:

"Top-K sampling selects the top K most likely tokens from the
model’s predicted distribution."

Simple Explanation: Top-K ka matlab hota hai ke model sirf top K

options (jaise top 10 ya top 50) me se hi agla word choose karega.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Top K: K ka matlab ek number (e.g., 10 ya 20) — model sirf unhi top

chance wale tokens me se choose kare.
• Distribution: Wo list jisme har token ka chance likha hota hai.

Original Sentence 4:

"The higher top-K, the more creative and varied the model’s output;
the lower top-K, the more restive and factual the model’s output."

Simple Explanation:

• Agar Top-K zyada ho (e.g., 100), to model ke paas zyada options

honge → result creative ya surprising ho sakta hai.
• Agar Top-K low ho (e.g., 5), to model ke paas kam options honge →
result zyada accurate aur boring ho sakta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Creative: Naya, interesting, out-of-the-box.

• Restive: Yahaan matlab hai "restricted" — yani kam flexible.
• Factual: Based on facts — sahi aur correct jawab.

Original Sentence 5:

"A top-K of 1 is equivalent to greedy decoding."

 Simple Explanation: Agar Top-K 1 ho, to model sirf sabse best
(highest chance) token hi choose karega — ise greedy decoding kehte
hain.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Equivalent to: Barabar hai.

• Greedy decoding: Hamesha best token lena, bina kisi randomness ke.

Top-P Sampling (a.k.a. Nucleus Sampling)

Original Sentence 6:

"Top-P sampling selects the top tokens whose cumulative probability

does not exceed a certain value (P)."

Simple Explanation: Top-P me model un tokens ko select karta hai

jinke total chances milake ek fixed limit tak pohch jayein, jaise 90% ya
95%.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Cumulative probability: Milakar total chance — e.g., pehla token

50%, doosra 30%, teesra 10% = total 90%.
• Does not exceed: Us value se zyada nahi hota.

Original Sentence 7:

"Values for P range from 0 (greedy decoding) to 1 (all tokens in the

LLM’s vocabulary)."

Simple Explanation: Top-P ki value 0 se 1 tak hoti hai:

• 0 = Greedy decoding (sirf ek best token)

• 1 = Har token allowed (complete randomness)

Hard Words Meaning:

• Vocabulary: Wo list jisme model ke pass jitne words hote hain.

• Range: Limit ke beech ka area (0 se 1).

Original Sentence 8:

"The best way to choose between top-K and top-P is to experiment

with both methods (or both together) and see which one produces
the results you are looking for."
 Simple Explanation: Top-K aur Top-P me se kaunsa use karna hai, iska
best tareeqa hai dono ko try karna aur dekhna ke kaunsa aapke
desired result deta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Experiment: Try karna.

• Produces the results: Jo output aap chahte hain wo milta hai ya nahi.

Quick Summary Table

| Setting | Simple Meaning | | ------------- |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Top-K | Sirf top K
tokens choose hotay hain (jaise top 10 most likely words). | | Top-P | Top
tokens jinka total chance ek fixed percent (e.g., 90%) se zyada na ho. | | Top-
K = 1 | Same as greedy decoding (hamesha best token). | | Top-P = 1 | Har
word allowed (high randomness). | | Use case | Dono settings ko mila kar ya
alag try kar ke best result dhundo. |

Would you like me to turn all this into a printable study sheet or
flashcards for quick revision?

Absolutely! Let’s break this “Putting it all together” section into super
simple Urdu-style baby steps — one English sentence at a time, with
explanations + hard word meanings so you understand and remember it
easily.

Putting it all together (Sab kuch mila kar

samajhna)

Original Sentence 1:

"Choosing between top-K, top-P, temperature, and the number of

tokens to generate, depends on the specific application and desired
outcome, and the settings all impact one another."

Simple Explanation: Aapko Top-K, Top-P, Temperature aur Token

Count ka chunav is baat par depend karta hai ke aap kya kaam kar rahe
hain aur kaisa result chahte hain. Ye saari settings ek doosre ko affect bhi
karti hain.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Specific application: Aapka exact kaam (e.g., creative writing ya

factual Q\&A).
• Desired outcome: Jo output aap chahte ho.
 • Impact one another: Ek dusre par asar daalti hain.

Original Sentence 2:

"It’s also important to make sure you understand how your chosen
model combines the different sampling settings together."

Simple Explanation: Ye bhi zaroori hai ke aap ko samajh ho ke aapka

model Top-K, Top-P, aur Temperature ko kaise combine karta hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Combine: Milana.
• Sampling settings: Wo parameters jo agla word chunne me madad
karte hain.

Original Sentence 3:

"If temperature, top-K, and top-P are all available (as in Vertex
Studio), tokens that meet both the top-K and top-P criteria are
candidates for the next predicted token, and then temperature is
applied to sample from the tokens that passed the top-K and top-P
criteria."

Simple Explanation: Agar model me temperature, top-K aur top-P

teeno available hain, to:

1. Pehle wo tokens select hote hain jo top-K aur top-P dono ke rules me
fit ho.
2. Uske baad temperature apply hota hai — aur final token us list me se
choose hota hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Candidates: Possible tokens.

• Criteria: Rules or conditions.
• Sample: Select karna randomly.

Original Sentence 4:

"If only top-K or top-P is available, the behavior is the same but only
the one top-K or P setting is used."

Simple Explanation: Agar sirf top-K ya top-P available ho, to model usi
ek rule ke mutabiq tokens choose karega.
 Original Sentence 5:

"If temperature is not available, whatever tokens meet the top-K and/
or top-P criteria are then randomly selected from to produce a single
next predicted token."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature nahi ho, to model top-K/top-P

se guzre tokens me se randomly ek token choose karega.

Original Sentence 6:

"At extreme settings of one sampling configuration value, that one

sampling setting either cancels out other configuration settings or
becomes irrelevant."

Simple Explanation: Agar aap ek setting ko bohot extreme value de

dein (jaise temp = 0 ya top-K = 1), to wo setting baaki settings ko useless
bana sakti hai.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Extreme: Bohot zyada ya bohot kam value.

• Cancels out: Kharij kar dena, ignore karna.
• Irrelevant: Koi asar nahi daalti.

Bullet 1:

"If you set temperature to 0, top-K and top-P become irrelevant – the
most probable token becomes the next token predicted."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature = 0 ho, to sirf sabse best

token choose hoga, aur Top-K aur Top-P ka koi asar nahi hoga.

"If you set temperature extremely high (above 1–generally into the
10s), temperature becomes irrelevant and whatever tokens make it
through the top-K and/or top-P criteria are then randomly sampled to
choose a next predicted token."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature bohot high ho jaaye (e.g., 10),

to temperature ka asar khatam ho jaata hai, aur model Top-K/Top-P wale
tokens me se randomly choose karega.

Bullet 2:

"If you set top-K to 1, temperature and top-P become irrelevant. Only
one token passes the top-K criteria, and that token is the next
predicted token."
 Simple Explanation: Agar top-K = 1, to model sirf ek hi token ko
allow karega — aur wo hi choose hoga. Is case me temperature aur top-P
ka koi role nahi hota.

"If you set top-K extremely high, like to the size of the LLM’s
vocabulary, any token with a nonzero probability of being the next
token will meet the top-K criteria and none are selected out."

Simple Explanation: Agar top-K itna high ho ke sab tokens include

ho jaayein (jaise 50,000), to model har possible token ko consider
karega — yani koi filter ka kaam nahi hoga.

Hard Words Meaning:

• Nonzero probability: Jiska chance 0 se zyada ho.

• None are selected out: Koi bhi token exclude nahi hoga.

Bullet 3:

"If you set top-P to 0 (or a very small value), most LLM sampling
implementations will then only consider the most probable token to
meet the top-P criteria, making temperature and top-K irrelevant."

Simple Explanation: Agar top-P = 0 ya bahut chhota ho, to sirf sabse

best token hi choose hoga. Baaki settings khatam ho jaati hain.

"If you set top-P to 1, any token with a nonzero probability of being
the next token will meet the top-P criteria, and none are selected
out."

Simple Explanation: Agar top-P = 1, to model sabhi tokens ko allow

karega jinka chance 0 se zyada ho — yani filter ka asar nahi rahega.

Recommended Settings for Different Use

Cases

Original Sentence:

"As a general starting point, a temperature of .2, top-P of .95, and

top-K of 30 will give you relatively coherent results that can be
creative but not excessively so."

Simple Explanation: Normal balanced result ke liye:

• Temperature = 0.2
• Top-P = 0.95
 • Top-K = 30

Is se model logical + thoda creative output deta hai.

Original Sentence:

"If you want especially creative results, try starting with a

temperature of .9, top-P of .99, and top-K of 40."

Simple Explanation: Agar aap zyada creative result chahte hain to

use:

• Temperature = 0.9
• Top-P = 0.99
• Top-K = 40

Original Sentence:

"And if you want less creative results, try starting with a temperature
of .1, top-P of .9, and top-K of 20."

Simple Explanation: Agar aapko kam creative aur zyada accurate

jawab chahiye to:

• Temperature = 0.1
• Top-P = 0.9
• Top-K = 20

Original Sentence:

"Finally, if your task always has a single correct answer (e.g.,

answering a math problem), start with a temperature of 0."

Simple Explanation: Agar aapka kaam sirf ek sahi jawab wala ho (jaise
math ka sawal), to:

• Temperature = 0 rakhna chahiye — model hamesha best token choose

karega.

Final Tip Summary Table

| Use Case | Temperature | Top-P | Top-K | Notes | | ----------------------- | -----------
| ----- | ----- | -------------------------- | | Balanced Creative | 0.2 | 0.95 | 30 | Normal
use case | | Highly Creative | 0.9 | 0.99 | 40 | Story writing, poetry | | Less
Creative / Factual | 0.1 | 0.9 | 20 | Business, documentation | | Only One
Correct Answer | 0 | Any | Any | Math, fact-based questions |
Great! Let’s break this “NOTE + WARNING” section into super simple,
baby-step Urdu-style explanation — line by line — so that you deeply
understand repetition loops, their causes, and how to avoid them using
proper sampling settings.

NOTE: More Freedom = Less Relevance

"With more freedom (higher temperature, top-K, top-P, and
output tokens), the LLM might generate text that is less
relevant."

Simple Explanation: Agar aap model ko zyada freedom dete ho — jaise:

• Temperature zyada
• Top-K zyada
• Top-P zyada
• Zyada tokens generate karne ki permission

To model kabhi kabhi bewaqoofi wali, irrelevant (ghair zaroori) baat

likhne lagta hai.

Moral: Zyada creative settings = zyada risk of useless or off-topic

output.

WARNING: Repetition Loop Bug (Danger

Zone!)
"Have you ever seen a response ending with a large amount
of filler words?"

Simple Explanation: Kabhi dekha hai ke model baar baar wohi lafz
likhta rahe? Jaise:

Okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay...

Yeh bug kehlata hai: Repetition Loop.

What is the Repetition Loop Bug?

"It is a common issue in LLMs where the model gets stuck

in a cycle, repeatedly generating the same (filler) word,
phrase, or sentence structure."

Simple Explanation: Kabhi kabhi LLM phans jata hai — aur bar bar
wohi lafz ya jumla likhne lagta hai. Jaise:

“Let me help you. Let me help you. Let me help you...”

Yeh loop bug hota hai.

Why Does This Happen? (Do Tarike)

1. Low Temperature = Too Deterministic = Loop

"At low temperatures, the model becomes overly

deterministic, sticking rigidly to the highest probability
path, which can lead to a loop..."

Simple Explanation: Jab temperature bohot kam hota hai (0 ya 0.1),

to model hamesha same token choose karta hai, jo kabhi kabhi loop me
chala jata hai.

Socho: Har baar “best word” = “the”, to model likhta rahega:

“the the the the the...”

2. High Temperature = Too Random = Loop

"At high temperatures, the model's output becomes

excessively random, increasing the probability that a
randomly chosen word... leads back to a prior state."

Simple Explanation: Agar temperature bohot zyada ho (1.5 ya 5), to

model random baat likhta hai. Kahi baar yeh waapis wahi pe aa jata
hai, aur loop ban jata hai.

Example: Random words → "Go up jump down up go jump" → loop ho gaya.

⚙ What Actually Happens Internally?

"...the model's sampling process gets "stuck," resulting in
monotonous and unhelpful output until the output window
is filled."

Simple Explanation: Model phans jata hai ek jagah, aur poora output
window useless, boring text se bhar deta hai. Jaise koi machine hang ho
gayi ho.

How to Solve This?

"Solving this often requires careful tinkering with
temperature and top-k/top-p values to find the optimal
balance between determinism and randomness."
 Simple Explanation: Is bug se bachne ke liye:

• Temperature, Top-K, Top-P ka balance banana padta hai.

• Na zyada rigid, na zyada random.

Recommended Safe Settings (Avoid Loop

Risk):
| Goal | Temperature | Top-K | Top-P | Safe? | | --------------------- | ----------- | ----- |
--------- | ---------------- | | Factual, short answer | 0–0.2 | 1–10 | 0.8–0.9 | Safe | |
Normal output | 0.2–0.6 | 20–40 | 0.9–0.95 | Mostly Safe | | Creative output
| 0.7–0.9 | 40–60 | 0.95–0.99 | ⚠ Medium risk | | Extreme creativity | > 1 | >
70 | \~1.0 | High loop risk |

Summary in 1 Line:
Repetition loop bug happens when the model gets either too rigid (low
temp) or too random (high temp), so you must keep settings balanced for
best results.

Chaliye is paragraph ko baby steps me, har English jumlay ke sath,

simple Urdu me samajhte hain — jese aap kisi student ko asaan tareeqe se
yaad karwana chah rahe ho:

Original Sentence 1:
"LLMs are tuned to follow instructions and are trained on large
amounts of data so they can understand a prompt and generate an
answer."

Urdu Explanation:

LLM (Large Language Models) is tarah se train kiye jaate hain

ke ye instructions ko follow kar sakein. Inhein bohot zyada
data pe train kiya gaya hota hai — taake ye prompt ko samajh
saken aur jawab day saken.

Keywords:

• Tuned = Tayyar kiya gaya / Adjust kiya gaya

• Follow instructions = Hidayat par amal karna
• Trained on large data = Bohot data pe seekhna
• Generate an answer = Jawab banana
 Original Sentence 2:
"But LLMs aren’t perfect; the clearer your prompt text, the better it
is for the LLM to predict the next likely text."

Urdu Explanation:

Lekin LLM har cheez me perfect nahi hotay. Agar aapka

prompt zyada clear ho, to model ke liye sahi jawab predict
karna asaan hota hai.

Keywords:

• Aren’t perfect = Har cheez me behtareen nahi hote

• Clearer your prompt = Aap ka text jitna zyada saaf ho
• Predict the next likely text = Agla mumkina (expected) jumla ya lafz
guess karna

Original Sentence 3:
"Additionally, specific techniques that take advantage of how LLMs
are trained and how LLMs work will help you get the relevant results
from LLMs."

Urdu Explanation:

Iske ilawa kuch khaas tareeqay (techniques) bhi hain jo LLM ki

training aur kaam karne ke tareeqay ka faida uthate hain,
aur inka use kar ke aap zyada relevant (matlub ka / sahi)
jawab hasil kar sakte ho.

Keywords:

• Specific techniques = Khaas tareeqay

• Take advantage of = Faida uthana
• How LLMs work = Model kis tarah kaam karta hai
• Relevant results = Matlub ka ya sahi jawab

Original Sentence 4:
"Now that we understand what prompt engineering is and what it
takes, let’s dive into some examples of the most important prompting
techniques."
 Urdu Explanation:

Ab jab ke hum samajh chuke hain ke prompt engineering kya

hoti hai aur isme kya cheezein zaroori hain, to aayiye ab
prompting techniques ke kuch aham examples ko samajhtay
hain.

Keywords:

• What it takes = Isme kya cheezain shamil hain

• Dive into = Gehrai se dekhna / start karna
• Important prompting techniques = Aham aur kaam ki prompt likhne
ki tarike

Summary (Yaad rakhne ka tareeqa):

LLMs instructions follow karte hain, lekin perfect nahi hote. Agar
aapka prompt clear ho aur smart techniques use ki jaayein, to
model se behtar jawab milta hai. Ab hum aise hi kuch
important prompting techniques seekhne ja rahe hain.

``` General prompting / zero shot A zero-shot5 prompt is the simplest type
of prompt. It only provides a description of a task and some text for the LLM
to get started with. This input could be anything: a question, a start of a
story, or instructions. The name zero-shot stands for ’no examples’.

Let’s use Vertex AI Studio (for Language) in Vertex AI,6 which provides a
playground to test prompts. In Table 1, you will see an example zero-shot
prompt to classify movie reviews. The table format as used below is a great
way of documenting prompts. Your prompts will likely go through many
iterations before they end up in a codebase, so it’s important to keep track
of your prompt engineering work in a disciplined, structured way. More on
this table format, the importance of tracking prompt engineering work, and
the prompt development process is in the Best Practices section later in this
chapter (“Document the various prompt attempts”).
The model temperature should be set to a low number, since no creativity is
needed, and we use the gemini-pro default top-K and top-P values, which
effectively disable both settings (see ‘LLM Output Configuration’ above). Pay
attention to the generated output. The words disturbing and masterpiece
should make the prediction a little more complicated, as both words are
used in the same sentence.

Name Goal 11movie_classification Classify movie reviews as positive,

neutral or negative. Model gemini-pro Temperature Top-K Prompt Output
0.1 N/A Token Limit Top-P 5 1 Classify movie reviews as POSITIVE,
NEUTRAL or NEGATIVE. Review: "Her" is a disturbing study revealing the
direction humanity is headed if AI is allowed to keep evolving, unchecked. I
wish there were more movies like this masterpiece. Sentiment: POSITIVE
Table 1. An example of zero-shot prompting When zero-shot doesn’t work,
you can provide demonstrations or examples in the prompt, which leads to
“one-shot” and “few-shot” prompting. General prompting / zero shot ```

Chaliye is paragraph ko baby steps mein, har English jumle ke sath,

bohat hi asaan Urdu mein samajhte hain, taake aapko yaad rakhna aur
samajhna dono easy ho jaye.

Original Sentence 1:
"A zero-shot prompt is the simplest type of prompt."

Urdu Explanation:

Zero-shot prompt sabse simple prompt hoti hai. Isme sirf task
(kaam) ka zikr hota hai — koi example nahi diya jata.

Original Sentence 2:
"It only provides a description of a task and some text for the LLM to
get started with."

Urdu Explanation:

Is prompt me bas kaam ka thoda sa detail likha hota hai aur

kuch text hota hai jisse model kaam start kare.

Original Sentence 3:
"This input could be anything: a question, a start of a story, or
instructions."

Urdu Explanation:

Ye input kuch bhi ho sakta hai — jaise koi sawal, kahani ka

aaghaz, ya kuch instructions.

Original Sentence 4:
"The name zero-shot stands for ’no examples’."

Urdu Explanation:

Zero-shot ka matlab hai “koi misaal (example) nahi di gayi.”

 Original Sentence 5:
"Let’s use Vertex AI Studio (for Language) in Vertex AI,6 which
provides a playground to test prompts."

Urdu Explanation:

Chaliye Vertex AI Studio ka use karte hain — ye aik aisa jagah

hai jahan aap prompts ko test kar sakte hain.

Original Sentence 6:
"In Table 1, you will see an example zero-shot prompt to classify
movie reviews."

Urdu Explanation:

Table 1 me aap zero-shot prompt ka aik misaali example

dekhein ge — jisme movie reviews ko classify kiya gaya hai.

Original Sentence 7:
"The table format as used below is a great way of documenting
prompts."

Urdu Explanation:

Neeche jo table format use hua hai, wo prompts ko likhne aur

samajhne ka best tareeqa hai.

Original Sentence 8:
"Your prompts will likely go through many iterations before they end
up in a codebase, so it’s important to keep track of your prompt
engineering work in a disciplined, structured way."

Urdu Explanation:

Aapke prompts shayad bohot baar change (iterations) se

guzrein ge coding me jaane se pehle, isliye aapko apna kaam
disciplined aur organized tareeqe se likhna aur save karna
chahiye.
 Original Sentence 9:
"More on this table format, the importance of tracking prompt
engineering work, and the prompt development process is in the Best
Practices section later in this chapter (“Document the various
prompt attempts”)."

Urdu Explanation:

Aage chapter me Best Practices section me aapko aur bhi

maloomat milegi is table format ke baare me aur kaise aap
prompt development ko track kar sakte hain.

Original Sentence 10:

"The model temperature should be set to a low number, since no
creativity is needed..."

Urdu Explanation:

Is prompt me temperature kam hona chahiye (0.1 jese) kyun ke

humein creativity nahi chahiye, sirf seedha sa jawab chahiye.

Original Sentence 11:

"...and we use the gemini-pro default top-K and top-P values, which
effectively disable both settings (see ‘LLM Output Configuration’
above)."

Urdu Explanation:

Hum gemini-pro model ka use karte hain jisme top-K aur top-P
default hote hain — aur is wajah se ye settings asli me kaam
nahi karti.

Original Sentence 12:

"Pay attention to the generated output. The words disturbing and
masterpiece should make the prediction a little more complicated, as
both words are used in the same sentence."
 Urdu Explanation:

Generated output ko dhyan se dekho. Sentence me

“disturbing” aur “masterpiece” dono words use hue hain — is
wajah se model ke liye decision lena mushkil ho sakta hai.

Table Summary (from paragraph):

| Field | Value | | --------------- |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Name | 1_1_movie_classification | | Goal | Classify movie reviews as
POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, or NEGATIVE | | Model | gemini-pro | | Temperature
| 0.1 | | Top-K | N/A | | Top-P | 1 | | Token Limit | 5 | | Prompt | Classify
movie reviews as POSITIVE, NEUTRAL or NEGATIVE. Review: "Her" is a
disturbing study... I wish there were more movies like this masterpiece.
Sentiment: | | Output | POSITIVE |

Final Sentence:
"When zero-shot doesn’t work, you can provide demonstrations or
examples in the prompt, which leads to “one-shot” and “few-shot”
prompting."

Urdu Explanation:

Agar zero-shot prompt kaam na kare, to aap example de sakte

hain prompt me — is tarah ke prompts one-shot aur few-shot
kehlate hain.

Short Yaad Rakhne Ka Tareeqa:

Zero-shot Prompt:

• Koi example nahi

• Sirf task ya question likha hota hai
• Temperature low hota hai (creativity nahi chahiye)
• Useful for direct & clear answers

Chaliye One-shot aur Few-shot prompting ko bohat asaan aur Urdu

mein breakdown karte hain — har jumla samajh ke, misaalon ke sath:
 Pehla Concept:
Prompt mein Example dena
Jab aap AI model ko prompt dete hain, to example dena model ki
understanding improve karta hai. Agar aap chahte hain ke
model kisi specific structure ya pattern ko follow kare, to
example dena bohat faida mand hota hai.

One-shot Prompt:

Aik hi example diya jata hai. Is liye ise one-shot kehte hain.

Example:

``` Prompt: Classify this sentence as POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, or NEGATIVE.

EXAMPLE: Sentence: "This movie was amazing and made me cry."
Sentiment: POSITIVE

Sentence: "I hated the movie." Sentiment: ```

Model samajh gaya ke format kya hai, aur kis tarah ka jawab dena hai.

Few-shot Prompt:

Aap 3 se 5 ya us se zyada examples dete hain. Is se model ko

pattern clearly samajh aata hai.

Example from Table 2 (Pizza Order):

``` Goal: Parse pizza orders to JSON Temperature: 0.1 Top-P: 1 Token Limit:
250

Prompt: Parse a customer's pizza order into valid JSON.

EXAMPLE 1: "I want a small pizza with cheese, tomato sauce, and
pepperoni." JSON: { "size": "small", "type": "normal", "ingredients":
[["cheese", "tomato sauce", "pepperoni"]] }

EXAMPLE 2: "Can I get a large pizza with tomato sauce, basil and
mozzarella?" JSON: { "size": "large", "type": "normal", "ingredients":
[["tomato sauce", "basil", "mozzarella"]] }

NOW: "Now, I would like a large pizza, with the first half cheese and
mozzarella. And the other tomato sauce, ham and pineapple." JSON: { "size":
"large", "type": "half-half", "ingredients": [["cheese", "mozzarella"], ["tomato
sauce", "ham", "pineapple"]] } ```
 Yaad Rakhnay ka Shortcut:
| Prompt Type | Kitne Examples? | Kab Use Karna? | | ------------- | --------------- |
----------------------------------------------------------------- | | Zero-shot | 0 examples | Jab
task simple ho aur model samajh sakta ho sirf instructions se | | One-shot |
1 example | Jab aapko output ka structure dikhana ho | | Few-shot | 3-5
examples | Jab task complex ho ya output ka pattern important ho |

Additional Tips (Simple Urdu):

• Examples hamesha task se relevant hone chahiyein.
• Agar aap edge cases bhi dikhayenge (jo normal se hat kar hain), to
model ki robustness barhti hai.
• Ghalat ya confusing example model ko confuse kar deta hai → galt
output milega.

Zaroor! Chaliye is “Step-back prompting” ke concept ko asaan Urdu mein

samajhtay hain, whitepaper ke context ke mutabiq:

Step-back Prompting kya hota hai?

Ye aik prompting technique hai jisme model ko seedha task dene se pehle,
aap use ek broader (ziyada general) sawal dete hain. Phir us general
sawal ka jawab lekar use next prompt mein daala jata hai — jahan woh asal
kaam karta hai.

Yeh “step back” dena model ko zyada sochne, reasoning karne, aur apne
background knowledge ko activate karne ka moka deta hai.

Iska faida kya hota hai?

1. Model deep sochta hai pehle se — sirf superficial jawab nahi deta.
2. Beyhtar reasoning aur accuracy milti hai.
3. Kabhi kabhi jo knowledge model ke andar hoti hai, woh sirf direct
prompt se use nahi hoti—lekin step-back se woh activate ho jaati hai.
4. Biases kam ho jaate hain, kyunke model general principles par focus
karta hai, sirf narrow details par nahi.

Ek misaal (whitepaper se):

• Traditional prompt (seedha task):

“Write a one-paragraph storyline for a new level of a first-person
shooter video game.”
 Step-back prompt pehle:
• “What are 5 fictional settings that make a shooter level challenging and
engaging?”

• Uska jawab use karke:

“Now, write a storyline for a shooter game using one of these settings.”

Aap ne dekha? Pehle general sochne par majboor kiya gaya — phir asal
kaam karwaya gaya. Is se jawab zyada interesting aur intelligent aata hai.

Jee zaroor! Chaliye is Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting ka matlab aur

iska fayda aasan Urdu mein whitepaper ke context ke mutabiq samajhtay
hain:

Chain of Thought (CoT) Prompting kya hai?

CoT ek technique hai jo AI model (LLM) se sirf seedha jawab lene ke

bajaye usay har reasoning step likhne ko keh kar sochne par majboor
karti hai.
Is tarah model step-by-step reasoning karta hai, jisse behtar, sahi aur
logical jawab milta hai.

Whitepaper ke context mein CoT ka breakdown:

• Jab LLM se sirf sawal pucha jata hai (zero-shot), to woh sirf aik final
jawab de deta hai — jo aksar galat ho sakta hai (jaise Table 11 mein 63
years ka ghalat jawab).

• Lekin agar aap kahain “Let’s think step by step”, to model har
reasoning step dikhata hai — jese Table 12 mein:

◦ Pehle batata hai aap 3 saal ke thay

◦ Partner 3x3 = 9 saal ka tha
◦ Ab aap 20 ke hain, to partner 9 + 17 = 26 saal ka hai

sahi hai kyunke model ne soch kar steps likhe!

Yeh final jawab

CoT ke Faide:

1. Behtar reasoning aur sahi jawab milta hai

2. Debugging asaan ho jati hai — agar koi ghalti ho to steps se samajh
aa jata hai
3. Fine-tuning ki zarurat nahi — yeh technique off-the-shelf LLMs pe
bhi kaam karti hai
4. Zyada stable results — different models mein bhi performance drift
kam hoti hai
5. Explainability — aap dekh saktay hain ke model ne kya socha
⚠ CoT ka ek nuksan bhi hai:

• Steps likhne se output lamba ho jata hai

• Jitne zyada tokens, utna zyada cost aur processing time

Use-case examples:

• Math problems (jaise Table 13): bhai ke age ka sawal

• Code generation: har function step-by-step breakdown
• Synthetic data creation: product ke assumptions pe base kar ke
likhna
• Koi bhi complex kaam jahan logic zaroori ho

Agar aap chahein to main aap ke kisi problem ko Chain of Thought style
mein solve kar ke dikha sakta hoon — maths, logic, kahani, ya code writing.
Batayein, kis example se shuruaat karein? 😄 ✍

Zaroor! Chaliye Tree of Thoughts (ToT) ko whitepaper ke context ke

mutabiq aasan Urdu mein samajhtay hain:

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) kya hai?

ToT aik advanced prompting technique hai jo CoT (Chain of Thought) se

bhi aik kadam aage hai.
Jab ke Chain of Thought mein model ek linear (seedhi line) mein
reasoning karta hai (step-by-step),
Tree of Thought model ko allow karta hai ke woh multiple reasoning
paths explore kare —
yaani ek hi waqt mein mukhtalif sochnay ke tareeqay azmayein.

Kaise kaam karta hai?

• Har “thought” aik language-based reasoning step hota hai.

• In reasoning steps ka aik branching tree ban jata hai — jese:
◦ Step 1 → Step 2a → Step 3a1
◦ Step 1 → Step 2b → Step 3b1
(Yani ek thought se kai raaste nikal saktay hain)

Iska faida kya hai?

1. Complex problems solve karne mein madad karta hai — jahan aik
jawab kaafi nahi hota.
2. Model kai options explore karta hai, aur unmein se sabse behtar
reasoning dhoondta hai.
3. Har node ek logical step represent karti hai — is tarah sochne ka silsila
structured ho jata hai.
 CoT vs ToT — Farq kya hai?

| Technique | Tarz-e-soch | Use-case |

|----------------|--------------------|----------------------------| | CoT | Aik seedhi soch |
Simple ya medium tasks | | Tree of Thought| Branching soch | Complex aur
exploratory tasks |

Real-life use case:

Agar aap model ko keh rahe hain:

“Ek naye futuristic game ki storyline banaayein”

To: - Chain of Thought: Sirf ek idea generate karega aur usi ko le kar aage
chalega. - Tree of Thoughts: Kai alag ideas generate karega (e.g. alien
world, post-apocalyptic city, underwater lab),
phir har idea mein aage reasoning karega ke kaunsa best hai.

Agar chahein to main aap ke liye ToT-style thought tree ek problem par
bana kar dikha sakta hoon —
jaise creative writing, coding breakdown, ya logic puzzle par. Tayyar hain?
😄
Let’s build a tree of thoughts together!

Bilkul! Aayein ReAct (Reason + Act) prompting ko whitepaper ke

mutabiq aasan Urdu mein samajhtay hain:

ReAct Prompting kya hai?

ReAct aik aisi technique hai jisme AI model sirf sochta nahi — sochta bhi
hai aur kuch amal (actions) bhi karta hai.
Yani pehle model “reasoning” karta hai, phir koi action leta hai — jaise
Google Search chalana, code run karna, ya kisi API se data lena.

Ye technique human thinking process ko imitate karti hai: jaise hum pehle
sochtay hain, phir koi kaam karte hain, aur phir apna nateeja dekh kar
dobara sochtay hain.

ReAct ka Thought-Action Loop:

1. Thought: Model sochta hai — “mujhe kya maloom karna hai?”

2. Action: Wo kaam karta hai — jaise Google Search chalata hai.
3. Observation: Jo result milta hai, usay dekhta hai.
4. Next Thought: Phir naye soch ke sath agla action plan karta hai.

Yeh loop tab tak chalta hai jab tak final solution nahi milta.
 Example (Metallica band members ke bachay):

• Model pehle sochta hai: “Metallica ke kitne members hain?”

• Phir har member ke bachay Google se search karta hai:
◦ James Hetfield → 3
◦ Lars Ulrich → 3
◦ Kirk Hammett → 2
◦ Robert Trujillo → 2
• Model result banata hai: Total = 10 bachay

Yeh sab steps model ne soch kar, search karke, aur phir reasoning
karke kiye.

ReAct ke Fawaid:

• Complex tasks ke liye perfect hai — jaise live data chahiye ho.
• Reasoning aur Tool-Use ko combine karta hai.
• Agents bananay ke liye pehla qadam hai (agent modeling).
• Har dafa real-world actions le sakta hai, sirf text ke zariye nahi.

Code aur Setup:

Whitepaper mein code diya gaya hai jo: - langchain use karta hai - VertexAI
model ke sath - Aur serpapi se search karne ke liye

Yeh sab ReAct agent create karta hai jo search kar ke reasoning karta hai.

Agar aap chahein to main aap ke liye ek chhoti ReAct style example ya
code walkthrough bhi create kar sakta hoon (math, facts ya live data pe).

Tayyar hain? 😄
Ya “ReAct vs CoT” ka comparison dekhein? Let’s dive even deeper!

Zaroor! Chaliye Automatic Prompt Engineering (APE) ko whitepaper ke

context ke mutabiq aasan Urdu mein samajhtay hain:

Automatic Prompt Engineering (APE) kya hai?

Kabhi kabhi prompt likhna mushkil ho sakta hai — har baar behtareen
jumlay sochna, structure tay karna, tone set karna.
APE aik aisi technique hai jisme AI khud prompts banata hai.
Yani aap aik model ko use karte hain taake woh aap ke liye prompts likhe —
aur phir aap un prompts ka test kar ke best wala chun lete hain.

Ye process model ko zyada effective banane mein madad karta hai — aur
aapko manually har prompt likhne ki zarurat nahi padti.
 APE ka Tareeqa:

1. Prompt likhna jo prompts generate kare:

Aap AI ko ek instruction dete hain, jese:

“Customers kaise Metallica ka t-shirt order kar saktay hain —

10 alag-alag tariqay likho.”

2. LLM (jaise Gemini Pro) aap ke liye 10 alag expressions likhta hai —
sab ka matlab same hota hai, lekin jumlay ka andaaz alag hota hai:

◦ "Can I order a small-sized Metallica t-shirt?"

◦ "One Metallica shirt, size small, please."
◦ "I’m looking for one Metallica t-shirt in small."
(Aur is tarah kai aur…)

3. In prompts ka evaluation hota hai:

◦ BLEU ya ROUGE jaise metrics se dekha jata hai ke kaunsa prompt

zyada effective ya relevant hai.

4. Best prompt select karna:

Jo prompt sabse behtar score karta hai, usay chatbot ya application
mein istemal kiya jata hai.
Aap chahein to selected prompt ko aur refine kar ke dobara evaluate
bhi kar saktay hain.

Faida kya hai?

• Human effort kam hota hai.

• Diversity milti hai — aap dekhte hain ke users ek hi baat ko kitne
tareeqon se keh saktay hain.
• Prompt optimization mein madad milti hai — model better samajh kar
jawab deta hai.

Agar aap chahein to main aapke kisi idea ke liye APE-style prompt
generate karke dikha sakta hoon — jese e-commerce chatbot, service
inquiry, ya feedback collection.

Batayein, kis problem pe apply karein? 😄 ✍

Let’s get creative with prompt generation — automatically!

Zaroor! Chaliye is "Code Prompting" section ko whitepaper ke context ke

mutabiq aasan Urdu mein samajhtay hain:
 Code Prompting kya hota hai?

Code prompting aik aisi technique hai jisme aap AI model (jaise Gemini) ko
aik prompt (text instruction) detay hain jiska jawab AI code ki form
mein deta hai — kisi bhi programming language mein.

Gemini model ka role:

Whitepaper yeh batata hai ke Gemini sirf text generation tak mehdoood nahi
— Gemini “developer” ke tor par bhi kaam kar sakta hai. Yani aap:

• Gemini ko keh saktay hain:

“Python mein aik function likho jo do numbers ka sum kare”

• Aur model turant aapko working code de dega.

⚡ Faida kya hai developers ke liye?

• Tezi se code likhna — boilerplate code ya repetitive tasks ke liye

zabardast.
• Multiple languages mein help — Python, JavaScript, C++, Go, etc.
• Testing aur code generation ke liye ideal — aap keh saktay hain: >
“Mujhe aik REST API ka example do [Link] mein.”

Vertex AI Studio ka zikar:

Whitepaper suggest karta hai ke aap Gemini ke saath Vertex AI Studio

mein jaa kar code prompts test kar saktay hain — jahan aap different
instructions dekar AI ka jawab (code output) dekh saktay hain.

Agar aap chahein to main aapke liye real-time code prompts likh kar Gemini-
style mein example de sakta hoon — batayein kis language ya kis type ka
code chahiye? 😄
Let’s try one together!

Zaroor! Aayein multimodal prompting ko aasan Urdu mein samajhtay

hain:

Multimodal Prompting kya hai?

Multimodal prompting aik aisi technique hai jisme aap AI model ko sirf
text (lafzon) ki madad se nahi,
balkeh multiple formats ka use karke instructions detay hain — jaise:

• Text
• Image (tasweer)
 • Audio (aawaaz)
• Code
• Video (agar model support kare)

Whitepaper ka kya kehna hai?

Whitepaper ke mutabiq:

❝ Prompting for code ab bhi aik regular text-based model se hoti

hai. Lekin multimodal prompting aik alag approach hai, jisme
aap aik se zyada input types ka use karte hain taake model ko
guide kiya ja sake. ❞

Yani, agar aap ek tasveer aur ek sawal saath den, ya code + text ka
combination dein,
to AI un sab inputs ko mila kar zyada context-aware aur precise jawab de
sakta hai.

Misal se samajhiye:

• Text-only prompt:
“Yeh image kis cheez ko dikhati hai?”

→ Kam samajh aaega (agar image na ho)

• Multimodal prompt:
“(Image attached) → Is image mein road safety ke kis principle ka
khilaaf warzi ho rahi hai?”

→ Model image bhi samjhega + text bhi — aur behtar jawab dega.

Use-cases:

• Image captioning
• Visual QA (image-based sawal-jawab)
• Audio transcription ya explanation
• Code + diagram samjhana
• Product design ya scientific analysis jahan images/text/audio sab
milte hain

Agar aap chahein to main ek example bana kar dikha sakta hoon jisme text
+ image ki sochi samjhi prompt hoti hai.
Aap batayein — kis domain mein dekhna pasand karein? Education, medical,
ya creative design? 😄

``` Zaroor! Chaliye main aap ke liye Prompt Engineering whitepaper ka

Roman Urdu mein thoda lamba aur mukammal khulasa likhta hoon,
taake aap ko har important concept ache tareeke se samajh aa jaaye:
 Prompt Engineering ka Khulasa (Roman Urdu mein)

Is whitepaper mein bataya gaya hai ke prompt likhna sirf aik command
dena nahi, balke aik sochi samjhi technique hai jisme aap AI model
(LLM) ko is tareeke se guide karte hain ke woh behtareen, accurate aur
useful jawab de.

Jo Prompting Techniques Discuss Hui Hain:

1. Zero-shot Prompting:
Model ko bina kisi misaal ke seedha task diya jata hai — jaise sirf aik
sawal ya instruction.

2. Few-shot Prompting:
Model ko kuch examples diye jate hain taake woh samajh jaye ke kis
style ya format mein jawab dena hai.

3. System Prompting:
Model ko bataya jata hai ke iska "kaam kya hai" — jaise translation
karni hai, code likhna hai, ya JSON format follow karna hai.

4. Role Prompting:
Model ko aik role diya jata hai — jaise "tum aik teacher ho", ya "travel
guide ho", jisse uska tone aur jawab ka andaaz change ho jaata hai.

5. Contextual Prompting:
Background details provide ki jaati hain taake model usi context mein
relevant jawab de.

6. Step-back Prompting:
Seedha jawab mangne se pehle aik general sawal kar ke model se
reasoning activate karwayi jaati hai.

7. Chain of Thought (CoT):

Model ko keh kar reasoning steps likhwai jaati hain — step-by-step
logic, taake result sahi ho.

8. Self-consistency:
Aik hi prompt se kai jawab le kar sabse consistent ya logical jawab
choose kiya jata hai.

9. Tree of Thoughts (ToT):

Model sirf aik soch ka rasta nahi, multiple reasoning paths explore
karta hai — har branch aik alternate solution ya idea hoti hai.

10. ReAct (Reason + Act):

Model reasoning karta hai aur external tools use karta hai (jaise
Google Search), taake real data ya info se task solve kare — real-world
agent jaisa behave karta hai.
 Automatic Prompt Engineering (APE):

AI khud prompts likhta hai, aur aap unmein se achay prompts test aur select
karte ho.
Yeh approach fast, efficient aur scaleable hoti hai — jaise chatbot ke liye
training data banana.

Code Prompting:

Gemini jese models programming tasks bhi handle kar sakte hain — aap
text-based prompt dein aur woh code likh dega (Python, JS, etc.). Aap
debugging, explanation, ya translation bhi karwa saktay hain.

Multimodal Prompting:

Sirf text nahi — AI ko text ke sath sath image, audio ya code bhi diya ja
sakta hai as input.
Is se model ko zyada rich context milta hai aur output behtareen hoti hai.

⚠ Challenges aur Best Practices:

Agar prompt unclear, incomplete ya vague ho to: - AI confuse ho jata hai -

Galat ya irrelevant jawab deta hai - Performance inconsistent hoti hai

Is liye, whitepaper yeh Best Practices recommend karta hai:

✔ Clear aur specific instruction dein

✔ Example use karein
✔ Format aur style define karein
✔ Token limit aur randomness (temperature, top-p) ko control karein
✔ Different versions test karte rahein
✔ Har prompt ka record rakhein (taake reuse aur improvement possible ho)

Agar aap chahte hain to main in techniques ka practical example bhi bana
kar dikha sakta hoon — jaise ek CoT prompt, ya system + role prompting ka
combo.

Kya aap kis specific use-case pe focus karna chahtay hain? 😄

Story writing, customer service, coding assistant — let’s tailor it for your
needs! ```
Roman Urdu Explanation of Prompt
Engineering Concepts
Zero-shot Prompting

Zero-shot prompt mein koi example nahi diya jata. Sirf kaam ya task bataya
jata hai.

Example: Prompt: "Classify this review: 'Her is a disturbing film.'" Model

Output: NEGATIVE

One-shot Prompting

One-shot mein sirf ek example diya jata hai.

Example: Prompt: Sentence: "The movie was amazing." → POSITIVE

Sentence: "I didn’t like it." → ?

Few-shot Prompting

Few-shot mein 3–5 examples diye jate hain taake model pattern samajh sake.

Example: Prompt: "I want a small pizza with cheese." → JSON response "I
want a large pizza..." → JSON response

System Prompting

Model ko rule diya jata hai — output ka format ya behavior bataya jata hai.

Example: "Sirf label uppercase mein return karo."

Contextual Prompting

Prompt mein background ya situation batayi jati hai.

Example: "Main Paris mein hoon, aur mujhe quiet jaghain chahiye."

Role Prompting

Model ko role diya jata hai — jaise teacher, doctor, ya travel guide.

Example: "Act as a travel guide, I am in Amsterdam..."

 Temperature, Top-K, Top-P

• Temperature = randomness ka level (0 = fix, 1 = creative)

• Top-K = Top chance wale K tokens choose karo
• Top-P = Sab tokens jinka total chance P tak ho, unmein se choose karo

Repetition Loop Bug

Agar temperature ya Top-K setting sahi na ho to model same lafz repeat

karta rehta hai.

Best Practices

• Clear aur direct prompts likho

• Format define karo (JSON, uppercase, etc.)
• Role + context mix karo