Tutorial 3: Vectors
1 −3 7
1. If 𝒗1 = [2], 𝒗2 = [ 5 ] and 𝒗3 = [−8] are vectors in ℝ3
3 6 9
Find the following
(i) 𝒗1 . 𝒗2
(ii) length of 𝒗3
(iii) 𝒗1 × 𝒗2
(iv) 𝑉1 . ( 𝒗2 × 𝒗3 )
(v) Angle between vectors 𝒗2 and 𝒗3
→
(vi) 𝑣1 𝑣3
2. Which of the following sets of vectors are orthogonal?
(a) (0,1) and (2,0)
1 1
(b) (1,0,0), (0, , ) and (0,0,1)
√2 √2
1 1 2 1 1
(c) ( , ,− ) and ( ,− , 0)
√6 √6 √6 √2 √2
3. Find the area of the parallelogram 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 where 𝑂𝐴 = (2,1,3) and
𝑂𝐶 = (−1,4,1).
4. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (1,2,1), (3,0,4) and (−2,1,1).
5. Find the norm of v, a unit vector that has the same directions as vector B v and
a unit vector oppositely directed to v.
(a) 𝒗 = ⟨1,2⟩
(b) 𝒗 = ⟨3, −1,2⟩
(c) 𝒗 = ⟨1,0,2,1,3⟩
6. Find the angles between the following pairs of vectors:
(a) (2,3) and (−1,4)
(b) (4, −1,2) and (3,0,1)
7. Which of the following vectors are parallel to 𝒖 = ⟨−2,1,0,3,5,1⟩?
(a) ⟨4,2,0,6,10,2⟩
(b) ⟨4, −2,0, −6, −10, −2⟩
(c) ⟨0,0,0,0,0,0⟩
8. Find the value of 𝑎 if the following vectors are equivalent
(𝑎, 9, −2) and (−3,9, −2)
9. A sled is pulled horizontally over ice by a rope attached to its front. A 20 N
force acting at an angle of 600 with the horizontal moves the sled 100m.
Find the work done.
10. Find the work done if the point at which the constant force F=4i+3j+5k is
applied to an object moves from P1(3,1,-2) to P2(2,4,6). Assume F is
measured in newtons and d is measured in meters.
11. Verify that 𝑎. (𝑎 × 𝑏) = 0 and 𝑏. (𝑎 × 𝑏) = 0. If
(a) 𝑎 = 〈5, −2,1〉 and 𝑏 = 〈2,0, −7〉
1 1
(b) 𝑎 = 2 𝑖 − 4 𝑗 and 𝑏 = 2𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 6𝑘
12. (a) calculate 𝑏 × 𝑐 followed by 𝑎 × (𝑏 × 𝑐), and (b) (𝑎. 𝑐)𝑏 − (𝑎. 𝑏)𝑐 if
(a) 𝑎 = 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘, 𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑐 = 3𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘
(b) 𝑎 = 3𝑖 − 4𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 𝑘, 𝑐 = −𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 8𝑘
13. Show that the vectors a=<1,2,3>, b=<2,3,4> and c=<3,4,5> are
coplanar
14. Find the parametric equations for the line through the given points
a) (2,3,5) and (6,-1,8)
b) (1,0,0) and (3,-2,-7)
c) (0,0,5) and (-2,4,0)
15. Find the parametric equations of the line L passing through the points
𝑃1 (2, 4, −1) and 𝑃2 (5, 0, 7).
16. Find the vector and parametric equations of the line
(a) Passing through (4, 2) and parallel to v=<-1, 5>
(b) Passing through (1, 2, -3) and parallel to v=4i+5j-7k
(c) Passing through the origin in 3-space and parallel to v=<1, 1, 1>
17. Show that if 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are nonzero, then the line 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑎𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝑏𝑡,
𝑧 = 𝑧0 + 𝑐𝑡 (−∞ < 𝑡 < ∞) consists of all points (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) that satisfy
𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑦 − 𝑦0 𝑧 − 𝑧0
= =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(These are called symmetric equations for the line)
18. Show that the lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 where
𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑡
𝐿1 = { 𝑦 − 4 = 𝑡 −∞<𝑡 <∞
𝑧−1=0
and
𝑥 + 1 = 12𝑡
𝐿1 = { 𝑦 − 7 = 6𝑡 −∞<𝑡 <∞
𝑧 − 5 = 3𝑡
intersect, and find the point of intersection.
19. Determine whether the planes 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0 and
−6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 10𝑧 − 4 = 0
are parallel or not
20. Find the equation of a plane that passes through the point P and has the
vector n as a normal
(a) P(2,6,1): n=<1,4,2>
(b) P(-1,-1,2): n=<-1.7.6>
21. Find an equation of the plane through the points 𝑃1 (1, 2, −1), 𝑃2 (2, 3, 1)
and 𝑃3 (3, −1, 2).
22. Find the acute angle of intersection between the two planes
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6 and 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 4 = 0