CH1051 Engineering Thermodynamics
Tutorial 1
1. Consider a room that is initially at the outdoor temperature of 20 ⁰C. The room contains a 100
W lightbulb, a 110 W TV set, a 200 W refrigerator, and a 1000 W iron. Assuming no heat
transfer through the walls, determine the rate of increase of the energy content of the room
when all of these electric devices are on.
2. At winter design conditions, a house is projected to lose heat at a rate of 60,000 Btu/h. The
internal heat gain from people, lights, and appliances is estimated to be 6000 Btu/h. If this
house is to be heated by electric resistance heaters, determine the required rated power of
these heaters in kW to maintain the house at a constant temperature.
3. A vertical piston-cylinder device contains water and is being heated on top of a range. During
the process, 65 Btu of heat is transferred to the water, and heat losses from the side walls
amount to 8 Btu. The piston rises as a result of evaporation, and 5 Btu of work is done by the
vapor. Determine the change in the energy of the water for this process.
4. A water pump that consumes 2 kW of electric power when operating is claimed to take in
water from a lake and pump it to a pool whose free surface is 30 m above the free surface of
the lake at a rate of 50 L/s. Determine if this claim is reasonable.
5. Complete the table for H2O
Temperature Pressure (kPa) h (kJ/kg) x Phase
(⁰C) description
200 0.7
140 1800
950 0
80 500
800 3162.2
6. A 0.5 m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 160 kPa and 40% quality. Heat is now
transferred to the refrigerant until the pressure reaches 700 kPa. Determine (a) the mass of
the refrigerant in the tank and (b) the amount of heat transferred. Also, show the process on
a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
7. A 1.8 m3 rigid tank contains steam at 220 ⁰C. One-third of the volume is in the liquid phase
and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the pressure of the steam, (b) the quality of
the saturated mixture, and (c) the density of the mixture.
8. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 40 ⁰C and 200 kPa. Heat is
transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized.
(a) What is the mass of the water?
(b) What is the final temperature?
(c) Determine the total enthalpy change.
(d) Show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
9. A 4 L rigid tank contains 2 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 50 ⁰C. The water is
now slowly heated until it exists in a single phase. At the final state, will the water be in the
liquid phase or the vapor phase? What would your answer be if the volume of the tank was
400 L instead of 4 L?
CH1051 Engineering Thermodynamics
10. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120 ⁰C. The
nitrogen is now expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100 ⁰C. Determine the
boundary work done during this process.
11. A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.6 kg of steam at 1.0 MPa and
400 ⁰C. The location of the stops corresponds to 40% of the initial volume. Now the steam is
cooled. Determine the compression work if the final state is, a) 1.0 MPa and 250 ⁰C, b) 500
kPa, and also determine the final temperature of steam.
12. A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 150 kPa is heated at constant pressure until the
temperature reaches 200 ⁰C. Calculate the work done by the steam during this process.
13. A 3 m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550 K. The gas is now cooled until its
temperature drops to 350 K. Determine (a) the final pressure in the tank and (b) the amount
of heat transfer.
14. An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially, one part contains
4 kg of an ideal gas at 800 kPa and 50 ⁰C, and the other part is evacuated. The partition is now
removed, and the gas expands into the entire tank. Determine the final temperature and
pressure in the tank.
15. A piston-cylinder device contains 0.8 kg of nitrogen initially at 100 kPa and 27 ⁰C. The nitrogen
is now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during which PV 1.3 = constant until the
volume is reduced by one-half. Determine the work done and the heat transfer for this
process.
16. Steam is leaving a 4 L pressure cooker whose operating pressure is 150 kPa. It is observed
that the amount of liquid in the cooker has decreased by 0.6 L in 40 min after the steady
operating conditions are established, and the cross-sectional area of the exit opening is 8
mm2. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam and the exit velocity, (b) the total and flow
energies of the steam per unit mass, and (c) the rate at which energy leaves the cooker by
steam.
17. Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200 ⁰C, and 30 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa
and 180 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine (a) the mass flow rate through
the nozzle, (b) the exit temperature of the air, and (c) the exit area of the nozzle.
18. Steam at 3 MPa and 400 ⁰C exits an adiabatic diffuser steadily with a velocity of 40 m/s. It
enters at 2.5 MPa and 300 m/s. Determine (a) the entry temperature and (b) the ratio of the
exit to inlet area A2/A1.
19. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10
MPa, 450 ⁰C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92% quality, and 50 m/s. The
mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the
power output, and (c) the turbine inlet area.
20. Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at a rate of 0.5 kg/s and
leaves at 600 kPa and 450 K. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, determine (a) the volume
flow rate of the carbon dioxide at the compressor inlet and (b) the power input to the
compressor.