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MySQL Constraints Explained

The document outlines various constraints in MySQL that enforce rules on table columns to ensure data accuracy and consistency. Key constraints include NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and AUTO_INCREMENT, each serving specific purposes in data management. Examples are provided for each constraint to illustrate their application in table creation.

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6 views1 page

MySQL Constraints Explained

The document outlines various constraints in MySQL that enforce rules on table columns to ensure data accuracy and consistency. Key constraints include NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and AUTO_INCREMENT, each serving specific purposes in data management. Examples are provided for each constraint to illustrate their application in table creation.

Uploaded by

kdbhardwaj2024
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Notes on Different Constraints in MySQL

Meaning of Constraints:
Constraints are rules applied to table columns in a database. They restrict the type of data that can
be inserted into a table. Constraints ensure accuracy, reliability, and consistency of the data.

Types of Constraints in MySQL


1. NOT NULL Constraint: Ensures that a column cannot have NULL values.
Example: CREATE TABLE Student (RollNo INT NOT NULL, Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL);

2. UNIQUE Constraint: Ensures all values in a column are different. Allows one NULL value.
Example: CREATE TABLE Employee (EmpID INT UNIQUE, Email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE);

3. PRIMARY KEY Constraint: Combines NOT NULL and UNIQUE. Each row must have a unique,
non-null value.
Example: CREATE TABLE Customer (CustID INT PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR(50));

4. FOREIGN KEY Constraint: Establishes a relationship between two tables. Refers to primary key
of another table.
Example: CREATE TABLE Orders (OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY, CustID INT, FOREIGN KEY
(CustID) REFERENCES Customer(CustID));

5. CHECK Constraint: Ensures values in a column satisfy a specific condition.


Example: CREATE TABLE Product (ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY, Price DECIMAL(8,2) CHECK
(Price > 0), Quantity INT CHECK (Quantity >= 1));

6. DEFAULT Constraint: Provides a default value if no value is specified.


Example: CREATE TABLE Accounts (AccID INT PRIMARY KEY, Balance DECIMAL(10,2)
DEFAULT 1000.00);

7. AUTO_INCREMENT Constraint: Automatically generates a unique number for each row.


Usually with PRIMARY KEY.
Example: CREATE TABLE Users (UserID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, Username
VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL);

Constraint Description

NOT NULL Column cannot store NULL values.


UNIQUE All values must be unique.
PRIMARY KEY Unique + Not Null, identifies each row.
FOREIGN KEY Refers to primary key of another table.
CHECK Ensures condition on values.
DEFAULT Provides default value if not given.
AUTO_INCREMENT Automatically generates sequential values.

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