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Control Rectifiers and Their Applications

The document discusses control rectifiers, which convert AC to DC using semiconductor switches and are classified by phase, configuration, and number of pulses. Key definitions include firing angle, conduction angle, output voltage, and voltage across a switch, along with circuit descriptions and waveforms for single-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers and full-wave half-controlled bridges. Additionally, it mentions the use of freewheeling diodes in controlled rectifiers with RL loads.

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4 views1 page

Control Rectifiers and Their Applications

The document discusses control rectifiers, which convert AC to DC using semiconductor switches and are classified by phase, configuration, and number of pulses. Key definitions include firing angle, conduction angle, output voltage, and voltage across a switch, along with circuit descriptions and waveforms for single-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers and full-wave half-controlled bridges. Additionally, it mentions the use of freewheeling diodes in controlled rectifiers with RL loads.

Uploaded by

ayavalevaibhav4
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Power Electronics — Assignment Solutions

1) Define control rectifiers with classification.


Control rectifier (a.k.a. controlled rectifier) is a power electronic circuit that converts AC to DC
and allows control of the output voltage/current using semiconductor switches (thyristors/IGBTs).
Classification (by phase and control):
- Single-phase: half-wave controlled rectifier (HWCR), fully controlled bridge, semiconverter (half-
controlled), single-phase half-wave uncontrolled, etc.
- Three-phase: three-phase half-controlled, three-phase full-controlled, uncontrolled diode bridge,
etc.
Classification (by configuration):
- Uncontrolled rectifiers (diodes)
- Controlled rectifiers (thyristors/SCRs)
- Semi-controlled (mix of diodes and thyristors, e.g., semiconverter)
- By number of pulses: single-phase (2-pulse), three-phase (6-pulse), 12-pulse, etc.

2) Define:
i) Firing angle (α)
The firing angle α is the angle (in electrical degrees) measured from the zero crossing of the AC
source voltage at which a controllable device (e.g., an SCR) is triggered (gated) to conduct.

ii) Conduction angle (θc)


Conduction angle is the angular duration (in electrical degrees or radians) for which a device
conducts in each cycle. For many rectifier analyses with continuous conduction θc = π (180°) for
each device in a full-wave bridge with inductive smoothing.

iii) Output voltage (Vdc)


Output (average) DC voltage Vdc is the time-average of the rectifier output voltage over one period
(or over the conduction interval). For specific converters there are standard formulae, e.g., fully
controlled full-wave bridge:
Vdc = (2*Vm/π) * cos α (for continuous conduction)

iv) Voltage across switch


Voltage across a switch means the instantaneous voltage that appears between its terminals when it
is off (blocking) or during switching. In a bridge rectifier, when a thyristor is off, it may block
nearly the full AC supply voltage (or a portion depending on circuit).

3) Single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier (HWCR) with R load — circuit and waveforms.
Circuit (ASCII):
AC
~
| o---->|----/\/\/\----o +Vdc (R)
| SCR
~
Explanation:
- During positive half-cycle, the SCR can be gated at angle α. If gated, output follows AC from α to
π.
- During negative half-cycle, diode or SCR blocks (for half-wave) and output is zero.
Waveform description:
- Output shows pulses of the AC positive half-cycle starting from α to π, then zero for negative
half-cycle.
- Average depends on α and Vm.

4) Full-wave half-controlled bridge (semiconverter) with RL load — diagram & waveforms.


Circuit (simple description):
- Two arms: one arm has two diodes, the other arm has two thyristors. This allows control on
alternate half-cycles.
- With RL load, when a thyristor is fired it supplies current; when it commutates off, the diode in
the complementary arm may conduct depending on current continuity.

Waveforms:
- For inductive load, current continuous; output follows controlled pulses; freewheeling or diode
conduction may occur during interruptions.

5) Use of freewheeling diode with HWCR (RL load).

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