1) What are conditional constructs? Name the different types of conditional constructions.
Conditional constructs are programming statements that allow decision-making in a
program. They execute different code blocks based on certain conditions.
Types:
if statement
if-else statement
if-else if ladder
2) Give an example of a simple if-else construct in Java
public class IfElseExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int number = 10;
if (number % 2 == 0) {
[Link]("Even number");
} else {
[Link]("Odd number");
}
}
}
3) Give a simple example of a Java program where the AND logical operator is used.
public class AndOperatorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 20;
boolean isCitizen = true;
if (age >= 18 && isCitizen) {
[Link]("Eligible to vote");
} else {
[Link]("Not eligible to vote");
}
}
}
4) Differentiate between if-else and if-else if construct
if-else: choose between two paths (true vs false).
if-else-if ladder: check multiple ordered conditions; the first true block runs, others
are skipped
5) Give the syntax of a simple if-else if construct
if (condition1) {
// block1
} else if (condition2) {
// block2
} else {
// default block
}
6) Write a Java program that prompts the user to enter the age of a person whether that
person is eligible to vote or not. Create this program using the if-else constructs.
import [Link];
public class VoteCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter age: ");
int age = [Link]();
if (age >= 18) {
[Link]("Eligible to vote");
} else {
[Link]("Not eligible to vote");
}
[Link]();
}
}
7) Write a Java program to display the grade of a student along with a message. Create
this program using if-else if constructs.
90-100 A+ Excellent Job
80-90 A Well Done
70-80 B Satisfactory performance
60-70 C You can do better
40-60 D Performance needs improvement
Below 40 E You failed. Study hard!
import [Link];
public class GradeMessage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter marks (0-100): ");
int m = [Link]();
if (m >= 90 && m <= 100) {
[Link]("A+ - Excellent Job");
} else if (m >= 80) {
[Link]("A - Well Done");
} else if (m >= 70) {
[Link]("B - Satisfactory performance");
} else if (m >= 60) {
[Link]("C - You can do better");
} else if (m >= 40) {
[Link]("D - Performance needs improvement");
} else {
[Link]("E - You failed. Study hard!");
}
[Link]();
}
}
8) Write a Java program that prompts the user to enter three numbers and then prints the
largest number. Create this program using if-else if constructs.
import [Link];
public class LargestOfThree {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter three numbers: ");
int a = [Link]();
int b = [Link]();
int c = [Link]();
int max;
if (a >= b && a >= c)
max = a;
else if (b >= a && b >= c)
max = b;
else
max = c;
[Link]("Largest = " + max);
[Link]();
}
}
9) What are computer networks, and what are their uses?
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that share resources and
data. Uses: communication (email, chat), resource sharing (printers, storage), data
sharing, collaboration, internet access, and distributed computing.
10)What is a LAN network?
LAN (Local Area Network) connects computers within a small geographic area (home,
office, campus), offering high-speed, low-latency communication.
11)Explain the difference between a Router, a Switch, and a bridge.
Router: connects different networks, forwards packets using IP addresses, enables
internet access.
Switch: connects devices within a LAN using MAC addresses; provides multiple
collision domains.
Bridge: legacy device that connects/segments LANs at Layer 2, filtering traffic by MAC.
12)What is a modem
A modem (modulator–demodulator) converts digital signals to analog for transmission
over telephone/cable lines and back to digital at the receiver.
13)What is the difference between Wi-fi and WiMax networks?
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is for short-range local wireless access (tens of meters). WiMAX
(IEEE 802.16) is metro/last-mile broadband with much longer range (kilometers) and
carrier-style deployment.
14)What is the difference between broadband and Wi-Fi?
Broadband is high-speed internet service (fiber/DSL/cable/4G/5G). Wi-Fi is a local
wireless technology that distributes that broadband inside homes/offices.
15)What do you understand by the term video conferencing?
Real-time audio-visual communication between participants at different locations using
cameras, microphones, a network, and conferencing software
16)What is different between email and chat
Email is asynchronous, formal, store-and-forward messaging with subject/attachments;
chat is synchronous/near-real-time, brief conversational messages (often with
presence/typing indicators).
17)Explain WWW.
The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the
internet using HTTP/HTTPS and rendered by web browsers.
18)State the applications of cloud computing.
Data storage/backup, web/app hosting, on-demand compute (IaaS), platforms for
development (PaaS), SaaS apps (email, CRM), big-data analytics, ML services, disaster
recovery, and content delivery.
19)Write the features of chat services
Real-time messaging, presence/online status, group chats, file/media sharing,
emojis/reactions, message history, notifications, encryption, voice/video calls,
bots/integrations.
20)What are the static components in a multimedia system?
Still images, text, graphics (line art, diagrams), vector illustrations, and background
layouts (as opposed to audio/video/animation).
21)What is the difference between bitmap image and a vector image?
Bitmap (raster) is a grid of pixels; scales poorly (can pixelate) but good for photos. Vector
uses mathematical shapes/paths; scales infinitely without loss, ideal for
logos/illustrations.
22)What is hypertext?
Text containing links (hyperlinks) to other documents or sections, enabling non-linear
navigation—fundamental to the web (HTML).
23)List some of the application areas of multimedia.
Education/e-learning, entertainment/gaming, advertising, digital art, virtual tours,
simulations, training, telemedicine, conferencing, interactive kiosks.
24)Explain virtual reality.
VR is a computer-generated immersive environment presented via head-mounted
displays and sensors, allowing users to experience and interact with a simulated 3D
world.
25)Define an app.
An app is application software designed to perform specific tasks for the user, commonly
packaged for mobile or desktop platforms.
26)How is an different from traditional Software
Apps are often lightweight, task-focused, distributed via app stores, sandboxed, and
updated frequently; traditional software tends to be larger, installed manually, and
updated less often.
27)What is a mobile platform? Give a suitable example.
A mobile platform is the OS/runtime environment for mobile devices, providing APIs and
app distribution. Examples: Android, iOS.
28)What do you understand by an app store? Name different types of app stores.
An app store is a digital marketplace for discovering, purchasing, and updating apps.
Types: platform stores (Google Play, Apple App Store), vendor stores (Samsung Galaxy
Store), enterprise/private stores, third-party/open stores (e.g., F-Droid).
29)Differentiate between paid and free app?
Paid apps require upfront purchase; revenue is from sales. Free apps cost nothing to
download; monetized via ads, in-app purchases, subscriptions, or data-driven services.
30)Short note on Cyber staking?
Cyberstalking is repeated, unwanted online harassment or monitoring (messages,
threats, doxxing, tracking) intended to intimidate or control a victim. It can violate privacy
and cause psychological harm.
31)Steps to handle Cyber stalking crime?
Preserve evidence (screenshots, URLs, timestamps), block/report the offender on
platforms, strengthen privacy/security (passwords, 2FA), avoid engaging, file a complaint
with cybercrime authorities/police, seek legal help and support.
32)What is catfishing?
Catfishing is creating a fake online identity to deceive others, often for romance scams,
financial gain, or harassment.
33)How do you report cyber staking crime?
Collect evidence → report on the platform/app → lodge a complaint with your country’s
cybercrime portal or local police/cyber cell → provide evidence and cooperate with
investigation.
34)List any three security threats?
Malware (virus/worm/trojan), phishing/social engineering, ransomware. (Others include
DDoS, man-in-the-middle, credential stuffing.)
35)Explain spyware?
Spyware is malicious software that secretly collects user data (keystrokes, browsing,
credentials) and sends it to a third party. It often installs via bundled software or phishing.
36)Distinguish between a worm and a Trojan horse.
Worm: self-replicating malware that spreads without user action, typically over networks.
Trojan: appears legitimate but contains malicious code; requires user
execution/installation and doesn’t self-replicate.
37)Explain data backup and recovery.
Backup is creating copies of data (full/incremental/differential; on-site/off-site/cloud; 3-2-1
rule). Recovery is restoring data from backups after loss, corruption, or disaster,
validated by regular restore/testing procedures.