SWAMI SARVANAND GROUP OF INSTITUTE

DINANAGAR
INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE
AT
SAHIL SACHDEVA AND ASSOCIATION
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA) IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

Prof. Sandeep Manjinder Kaur
MBA 3RD SEM.
2313775
 STUDENT DECLARATION:-
I, Manjinder, a student of Swami Sarvanand Institute of Management
and Technology, pursuing MBA hereby declare that I have
successfully completed my summer internship under the supervision
of Mr. Sahil Sachdeva Finance Supervisor at Sahil Sachdeva &
Association from
10 JUNE 2024 TO 30 JULY 2024.
Further declare that this internship experience has been a significant
learning experience and has enhanced my skills in the field of finance.
Signature :-
Manjinder Kaur
MBA
 INTRODUCTION:-
The project report is about the knowledge or experience I
gained in my accounting and finance internship. Mainly I
learnt how work is done in CA firm, how a professional
person deals with their clients and the process of
accounting in different types of business. This internship
was organized by our college so that the students could get
practical knowledge of the work done by CA firm and to
learn how to apply things in practical life which we had
learnt from books. In this internship, we were given
different roles and different works to provide an overall
idea of the work that the firm was doing.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT-
I am using the opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who
supported me throughout the course. I am thankful for their aspiring
guidance, invaluably constructive criticism, and friendly advice
during the project work. I am sincerely grateful for their truthful and
illuminating views on several issues related to the project.
I express my warm thanks to Mrs. Sandeep Kaur for their support and
guidance to Swami Sarvanand Group of Institute, dinagar.

CHAPTER -1
 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY

COMPANY PROFILE :-SAHIL SACHDEVA &

ASSOCIATION is a leading firm of Chartered Accountant located in
Amritsar. The firm was established in the year 2013 in Ranjit Avenue,
Amritsar listed under CA in Amritsar and has experience of over 11
years of dedicated Professional practice. It is a professionally
managed firm. Those associated with firm have regular interaction
with enables the firm to keep pace with contemporary developments
and to meet the needs of its clients.
I have worked in CA Sahil Sachdeva & association for 45
days commencing from 10 June 2024 to 30 July 2024.

CORE SERVICES OF COMPANY :-

1. AUDIT AND ASSURANCE SERVICES:-
 Statutory Audit – Conducting mandatory
audit to ensure compliance with legal and
regulatory requirements.
 Internal Audit - Evaluating the
effectiveness of internal controls, risk
management, and governance processes.
 Tax Audit - Reviewing financial records
to ensure compliance with tax laws and
identifying area for tax optimization.

2. TAXATION SERVICES :-
 Tax planning :- Developing strategies to minimize tax
liabilities while ensuring compliance with tax laws.
 Tax compliance :-Preparing and filling tax returns for
individuals and businesses, ensuring timely and accurate
submissions.
 Tax Advisory:- Providing insights on complex tax issues,
including international tax, transfer pricing, and indirect
taxes(GST/VAT).
[Link] SERVICES :-
 Bookkeeping:- Maintaining for accurate financial records and
transactions for businesses.
 Financial Statement Preparation:- Preparing income
statements , balance sheets, and cash flow statements in
accordance with applicable accounting standards.
 Management Reporting:- Creating regular financial reports to
aid in decision- making and performance tracking.

4. CONSULTING SERVICES:-
 Business advisory :- Providing insights into business
operations, market analysis, and growth strategies.
 Risk Management :- Identifying financial risks and
developing mitigation strategies.
  Process Improvement:- Analyzing and optimizing
business processes for better efficiency.

5. CORPORATE FINANCE:-
 Mergers and acquisitions :- Advising on the buying or
selling of businesses, including due diligence and
valuation.
 Valuation Services :-Determining the value of businesses,
asset, or financial instruments.
 Capital Raising :- Assisting clients in securing financing
through loans, equity, or other means.

6. MANAGEMENT ADVISORY :-
 Strategic Planning :- Helping businesses set long-term
goals and create and create actionable plans.
 Performance Management :- Developing key
performance indicators to monitor and improve
performance.
 Change Management :- Guiding organizations through
transitions or transformations.

7. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE :-
 Compliance Audits :- Ensuring adherence to laws and
regulations specific to the industry .
 Corporate Governance :- Advising on best practices for
governance structures and processes.
 Reporting Obligation :- Assisting with preparation and
submission of required regulatory filings.

[Link] ACCOUNTING:-
 Fraud Investigation :- Analyzing financial records to detect
and investigate discrepancies or fraudulent activities.
  Litigation Support :- Providing expert testimony and analysis
in legal disputes.
 Asset Tracing :- Identifying and recovering misappropriated
funds or assets.

[Link] SERVICES:-
 Payroll Processing :- Managing payroll calculations, tax
deductions, and compliance with labor laws.
 Employee Benefits Administrations:- Assisting with the
management of employee benefits and retirement plans.

10. OUTSOURCED CFO SERVICES:-

 Financial Leadership :- Acting as a part-time or virtual
CFO to provide strategic financial oversight.
 Financial Planning and Analysis :- Helping
organizations with budgeting, forecasting, and financial
modelling.

TEAM STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY:-

The team structure of a Charted Accountant firm can
very based on its size and specialization, but generally includes
several key roles and levels of responsibility.
1. Partners :-
 Role :- Senior-most professionals who own the firm and
make strategic decisions.
 Responsibilities :-
Oversee overall operations and management.
Develop business strategy and client relationship.
Ensure compliance with regulations and standards.
Mentor senior staff and manage high-profile client
accounts.
2. Directors/ Manager :-
  Role:- Senior professionals responsible for specific service
lines or client portfolio.
 Responsibilities :-
Manage teams of accountants and auditors.
Oversee project delivery and client service quality.
Act as the main point of contact for major clients.
Conduct performance reviews and training for junior
staff.
3. Senior Accountants :-
 Roles :- Experienced accountants who support managers in
complex tasks.
 Responsibilities :-
Prepare Detailed financial reports and analysis.
Supervise and mentor junior accountant.
Assist in audits and tax planning.
Review work prepared by junior staff to ensure
accuracy.
4. Accountants :-
 Role:- staff who handle day-to-day accounting tasks.
 Responsibilities:-
Prepare financial statements and tax returns.
Maintain accurate financial records for client.
Assist in audit preparations and fieldwork.
conduct bookkeeping and reconciliations.
5. Trainees/ Interns :-
 Role :- Entry-level staff or students gaining practical
experience in accounting.
 Responsibilities :-
Assist with basic accounting tasks and data entry.
Shadow senior staff to learn processes.
Participate in audits and client meetings as needed.
Complete assigned tasks to support ongoing
projects.
 6. Support Staff:-
 Role :- Administrative and operational personnel who
support the firm’s functions.
 Responsibilities :-
Handle administrative tasks such as scheduling and
communications.
Manage documentation and filing systems.
Provide IT support and maintain accounting
software.
Assist in marketing and business development
efforts.

ACHIEVEMENT & LEARNING :-

I have learnt so many things from the internship which will help me in
my future.
Firstly, I got chance to do writing for the financial year 2022-2023,
2023-24 and bank entries of the things which I learned while doing
book writing are :-
How to use to BUSY Software :-
 Doing entries in BUSY efficiently
 Bank entries in BUSY
 How to export data from BUSY to MS Excel
Secondly, I had also learnt different things in the office of our CA. I
had got the experience of office working.
The things which a learnt at the office:-
 BUSY
 Excel
 Bank reconciliation

CHAPTER - 2
ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE AND ITS WORKING

INTRODUCING BUSY:
BUSY is an integrated business accounting software for
small & medium businesses. It was launched in 1994 at IT-
ASIA'94, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi and has received an
overwhelming response since then. With over 36,000
installations in over 20 countries, it is one of the leading
accounting software in India.

While managing a business might be thrilling, monitoring

its finances may at times feel like a burden! The purpose of
Busy Software for accounting is to make that scenario
better! Imagine a day in the future when the toughest
accounting chores—such as controlling costs, creating
reports, and keeping track of bills—become second nature
to you. You can certainly have such wonderful days with
Busy Software for accounting!

What Is Busy Accounting Software?

Busy Accounting software is an advanced solution that
allows different firms (or businesses) to effortlessly cope
with their financial and accounting demands. It is specially
designed for small and medium-sized businesses and
includes a variety of features to expedite accounting
procedures, improve productivity, and assure financial
management accuracy.
Because of its user-friendly interface, Busy software for
accounting can prove ideal for customers with different
degrees of accounting expertise.

How to Use Busy Software for Accounting?

Busy accounting software is ideal and a must-have
instrument for small and medium-sized enterprises.
It comes with a number of desirable tools for
streamlining accounting operations, keeping
accurate records, and creating critical financial
reports.
Furthermore, if you’re new to Busy software for
accounting, the easy steps below will lead you
through the basics of getting started and making the
most of its wonderful functionalities:

 Installing BUSY
 To install BUSY software on your computer, first you have to
check for the above-mentioned hardware and software
requirements. Once all the requirements are fulfilled on a
computer only then you can install BUSY on it. You can install
BUSY on your computer from the CD provided in the pack
when you buy BUSY software.
To install BUSY from the CD provided, you need to
perform the following steps:
 Insert CD into CD-ROM Drive.
 Double click My Computer folder to open the CD folder.
 Double click the Setup file in the CD folder to start the Setup
Wizard.
 Setup Wizard will guide you through the rest of the Installation
process.
 This may take a few minutes and BUSY will be successfully
installed on your computer.
  BUSY Start-Up Screen :-
After installation of BUSY, an icon of BUSY starts appearing on
the desktop. Double click the BUSY icon to run the application. On
running the BUSY application, a Security Check message box appears
displaying message that security device has been found and program
will run in the following edition of BUSY.

 Creating a New Company :-

In accounting software, the first step is to create a company in
which you can record all the transactions of your company. You
can create a company in BUSY with the name of your
company, firm, factory or outlets. You can create a single
company or can create multiple companies.
To create a company in BUSY, you need to perform
the following steps:
  Double click the BUSY icon on the desktop. It will run the
BUSY application.
 On running the BUSY application, Startup screen of BUSY
appears. In the Startup screen of BUSY, only the Company
menu is active. In the Company menu, click the Create
Company option.
 On clicking the Create Company option, a Create Company
window appears in which you can specify the name of company
to be created and other information about the company such as
Address, Currency applicable, VAT applicable for the company
or not and so on. Given here is a screenshot of Create Company
window.

Once the company is created, a Congratulations message box appears

confirming the creation of the company. On clicking the Ok button, in
the Congratulations message box.
SuperUser :-
 SuperUser is the top most user in the hierarchy of the users in BUSY.
A SuperUser is like the owner of a business who has all the rights and
access privileges in the business and defines the rights and access of
other users. SuperUser is defined at the time of creation of a company.
There can be only one SuperUser for a company and has the right to
create or modify any number of users in company.
SuperUser Creation window appears.

SuperUser Name :-
Enter the name of the SuperUser in this data field. You can enter a
SuperUser name with maximum of 20 characters.
Password :-
Enter the password for SuperUser. You can enter a password with
maximum of 20 characters.
Recheck password :-
You are required to re-enter the password.
This is done to confirm your password. After entering data in
the data fields, click the Save button.

Features / Options With Features / Options option :-

You can enable / disable various features and options in BUSY as per
your requirement. Features / Options menu provides various features
and options classified into eight sections or tabs. All the features and
options are classified into the category to which they belong. For
example, all the features related to accounting are kept under
Accounts tab; all the features related to inventory are kept under
Inventory tab and so on.
To set various features and options, you need to perform the
following steps:
Click Administration  Configuration  Features / Options option. On
clicking the Features / Options option, a Features / Options window
appears. Given here is a screenshot of Features / Options window :-

General :-
 With the General section, you can configure various general features
that cannot be classified under Accounts, Inventory or any other
section. These features are general features and can be used with any
other feature of BUSY. On clicking the General button, features
related to General section appears. Given here is a list of features that
appears on clicking the General button.
Currency Symbol :-
Enter currency symbol of the country where your company exists. By
default, currency symbol as specified at the time of company creation
appears here.
Currency String :-
Enter currency string of the country where your company exists. By
default, currency string as specified at the time of company creation
appears here.
Currency Sub-String :-
Enter currency sub-string of the country where your company exists.
By default, currency sub-string as specified at the time of company
creation appears here.
Format for Displaying Numbers :-
In this data field, you can select format for displaying numbers in
BUSY. One option is the Indian Decimal System (9,99,99,999.99) and
other is the International Decimal System (999,999,999.99).
Skip Currency Separator in Numbers :-
Specify ‘Y’ in this data field if you do not want the currency
separator i.e. comma to appear in numbers.
Date Format :-
Select the format according to which date will be displayed in BUSY.

Date Separator:-
 Specify the symbol to be used as date separator. For example, you
can use a hyphen (-), slash (/), colon (:) as date separator.
Currency Decimal Place:-
Specify the number of digits to appear after decimal in the currency
amount. For example, if you specify ‘2’ in this data field then a
number 538.246 will be displayed as 538.24.
Country / State Information :-
Under this sub group, two data fields, Country and State appear.
Specify the country and state where your company exists. By default
the country and state as specified at the time of company creation
appears here.
Delete Exported Files on Closing the Company:-
Exported files refer to the files that are exported from BUSY in html,
txt, xls or pdf format. By default, these files are exported to the folder
where data of the company is stored. With this option, you can delete
all such files that are exported to data folder of the company.
Display Thought of the Day :-
Specify 'Y' in this option if you want to view thought of the day at the
time of company startup. After you have entered the appropriate
information, click the Save button to save the information.
 Creating Masters :-
In BUSY the term 'Master' signifies information that is generally
entered once but further used in day to-day activities and transactions.
. Before entering transactions of a business, one needs to create
certain masters, which will be used, in daily course of business.
BUSY provides various masters under Masters menu such as Account
master, Item master, Bill Sundry master and so on which are to be
created before starting the operations of business.
Masters are provided under Administration menu of BUSY.
On clicking the Administration menu, various options appear. Click
the Masters option to view the list of Master types provided by BUSY.
On clicking the Masters option, a list of Masters is displayed. Given
here is a screenshot of Masters menu displaying list of Masters.
Before discussing the Masters, we will discuss certain terms and
options, which are common to all the Masters. Common terms and
options used in Masters are:
Name :-
Name simply refers to the name of the master you are creating. For
example, if you are creating an Account master for State Bank of
India then in this case, name of the Account master will be State Bank
of India

Alias:-
Alias refers to an abbreviation or a short name for the master that you
are creating. For example, if you are creating an Account master for
State Bank of India then you can enter Alias as SBI. To refer to a
particular master for whom an Alias has been entered, you can use
either the Name or the Alias. You can leave this data field blank if you
do not want to enter an Alias.
Print Name:-
Print Name refers to the name that will appear on documents given to
external parties such as sales invoice, receipt, debit note and so on. By
default, name entered in the Name data field is displayed as Print
Name. You can leave this data field blank if you do not want any
name to appear on the Print Reports. Let us understand the relevance
of Print name.
Accounts :-
An Account is a summarized record of various transactions pertaining
to a particular account head. It is commonly referred to as a Ledger
Account. In BUSY, it is called Account master. All the transactions
pertaining to a particular account head are recorded under one
Account master. For example, all the transactions of cash payments
and cash receipts are recorded under the Cash Account master. When
you create a new company, 56 Account masters are created by default
for your convenience. The default Account masters are:
 Additional Tax / Surcharge on VAT
 Advertisement & Publicity
 Bad Debts Written Off
 Bank Charges
 Books and Periodicals
 Busy Infotech Pvt. Ltd.
 Capital Equipment
 Cash Central Sales Tax
 Charity and Donations
 Commission on Sales
 Computers
 Conveyance Expenses
 Customer Entertainment Expenses
 Depreciation Account
 Development Tax
 Miscellaneous Expenses
 Office Equipment
  Office Maintenance Expenses
 Office Rent
 Plant & Machinery
 Postal Expenses
 Printing and Stationery
 Profit & Loss
 Purchase
 Rounded Off
 Salary
 Salary & Bonus Payable
 Sales
 Sales
 Promotion Expenses
 TDS (Interest)
 TDS (Rent)
 TDS (Salary)
 Telephone Expenses
 Travelling Expenses

To create an Account master, you need to click the Administration 

Masters  Accounts  Add option. On clicking the Add option, an
Account Master - Add window appears. In the window, you can enter
name of the account to be created and can specify other related
details. Given here is a screenshot of Account Master – Add window..
Classification of Account Groups :-
Pre-defined Account Groups are classified in primarily
two categories:
 Primary - These Account Groups represent the top-most
level in the hierarchy of Account Groups.
 Secondary - These Accounts Groups are grouped under
the Primary Groups. For example, Cash-in-Hand is a
secondary group under the Current Assets Primary Group.

 TRANSACTIONS :-
Transaction entries require frequent posting of records and need
regular insertion and updation. Entering transactions means recording
of transactions in vouchers such as Sales / Purchase, Payment /
Receipt and so on. BUSY classifies various transactions according to
their type and provides various vouchers to make your work easier.
Topics covered under this unit:
 Voucher Numbering
  Entering Vouchers
 Configuring Vouchers
Voucher Numbering:- Voucher numbering is one of the essential
components of voucher entry. Voucher numbering provides a unique
way of differentiating various vouchers and helps in knowing the
sequence in which they were entered. Each company follows a
different pattern for entering voucher numbers.
Entering Vouchers:-Entering Voucher means recording of day-to-day
activities or transactions of business in a specified format according to
the type of transaction made. All the reports in BUSY are based on the
data entered in the vouchers. To record various transactions, BUSY
provides a classified menu of different voucher types.
To view list of various vouchers provided by BUSY, click
Transactions menu. On clicking the Transactions menu, a list
displaying all the voucher types appears. Given here is a screenshot of
Transactions menu displaying all the voucher types provided in
BUSY.
  Sales:-
Sales voucher is used to record the sale transactions i.e. when the
goods are sold by a company, the same entry will be recorded in a
Sales voucher. Sales voucher is the most frequently used voucher.
 Sales Return:-
Sales Return refers to the goods returned to your company by the
customers. You can record sale return transaction in Sales Return
voucher.
  Purchase:-
Purchase voucher is used to record the purchase transactions of the
company i.e. when the goods are purchased by the company then it
can record this transaction in Purchase voucher.
 Purchase Return :-
Purchase Return refers to the goods returned by your company to the
party from whom the goods are purchased. You can record purchase
return transaction in Purchase Return voucher.

 Payment:-
Payment voucher is used to enter the payment transactions i.e. when
the payment is made to a party or any other person or company then
you can record this transaction in a Payment voucher.
  Receipt :-
Receipt voucher is used to record receipt transactions i.e. payment
received by you from your customers or parties.
 Journal
Journal voucher is used to record entries that cannot be classified as
Sale / Purchase, Sales Return / Purchase Return or Payment / Receipt.
  Contra:-
Contra entries are those entries that involve only Bank and Cash
accounts. For example, cash deposited in bank, cash withdrawn from
bank, bank to bank deposit and so on.
  Debit Note:-
Debit Note is a document for a debit to be raised against a party for
reasons other than the invoice sent to the party.
 Credit Note:-
Credit Note is a document for credit to be raised for a party for
reasons other than the bill already received from that party.

ACCOUNTING REPORT:-
 Balance Sheet:-
Balance Sheet is a financial statement depicting the financial position
of the business by listing the assets and liabilities as on a certain date.
It depicts what the business owes and what it owns on a certain date.
It is prepared from the accounts listed in the Trial Balance. The
balances of the accounts are grouped as assets and liabilities and are
arranged in a proper manner in the Balance Sheet. Further, the net
profit or net loss calculated in the Profit & Loss account is posted in
the Balance Sheet.
a Balance Sheet message box appears with following two options:
1. Month End – Select this option to view Balance Sheet at the end
of a month.
2. As on Date – Select this option to view Balance Sheet as on a
particular date. It can be any date of a month.

 Trial Balance:-
Trial Balance is a statement prepared to check arithmetic accuracy of
the accounting records. It shows the debit and credit balances of the
accounts in two different columns. Matching of the debit and credit
balances indicates arithmetic accuracy of the records. It summarizes
the account information in a tabular format.
Various options in the list are:
i. Closing Trial Grouped
ii. Closing Trial – Alphabetical
iii. Closing Trial - Hierarchical
iv. Opening Trial – Grouped
v. Opening Trial – Alphabetical
vi. Opening Trial – Hierarchical
  Account Books :-
In a general business scenario, numerous transactions take place such
as sales / purchase of goods or receipt / payment of cash. The
maintenance of these transactions becomes a tedious process when the
business expands and the number of transactions increases multiple
times.
On clicking the Accounts Books option, a list of following reports is
displayed:
 Day Book
 Ledger
 Cash / Bank
 Books Accounts Registers (Standard)
 Account Activity Report
 Account Summaries:-
Account Summaries reports display various summarised reports
for all the accounting transactions of the company. Account
Summaries reports include various reports such as Daily Balances,
Transactions Summary and so on. On clicking the Account
Summaries option, a list of reports is displayed. Various reports in
the list are:
 Daily Balances
 Daily Summary
 Monthly Summary
 Consolidated Summary
 Transaction Summary
 Profit & Loss A/c
 Profit & Loss Summary
 Min / Max Cash Balances
 Account Ledger Comparison.
 CHAPTER: 3
Financial Performance Analysis
Performance analysis is the study of company financial
statements —to discover a firm’s strengths and
weaknesses. It also involves the comparative analysis of a
company's overall financial health. Company performance
in a current fiscal year is compared to previous periods and
competitors' performance.

 RATIO ANALYSIS

A ratio is a mathematical relationship between two items

expressed in a quantitative form. Ratio can be defined as
Relationship expressed kin quantitative terms between
figures which have cause and effect relationship which are
connected with each other in some manner or the other.
Ratio analysis involves the process of computing
determining and presenting the relationship of items or
groups of items of financial statements.

 CURRENT RATIO

The ratio of current assets to current liabilities is called

current ratio. In order to measure the short-term liquidity
or solvency of a concern, comparison of current assets and
current liabilities is inevitable. Current ratio indicates the
ability of a concern to meet its current obligations as and
when they are due for payment.

Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities.

 ABSOLUTE LIQUIDITY RATIO

This ratio also known as absolute liquidity ratio or super

quick ratio. Its calculated when liquidity is highly
restricted in terms of cash and cash equivalents.
evaluate whether the company has enough funds to meet
its current debt obligations and to assess whether the
company can pay a return on its investment.

Debt to total asset ratio = total debt / total asset.

 PROPRIETARY RATIO

This ratio is also termed as capital ratio or net worth to

total asset ratio. This is one of the variant of debt equity
ratio. This shows the relationship between shareholders
funds and total assets.

Proprietary ratio = Net worth / Total Assets.

 DEBTORS TURNOVER RATIO

It represents how quickly the debtors are converted into

cash. This ratio is used to measure the firms liquidity
position. This ratio establishes the relationship between
receivables and credit sales.

Debtors turnover ratio = Net sales / Average debtors.

 FIXED ASSET RATIO

Fixed Assets ratio is a type of solvency ratio long-term

solvency which is found by dividing total fixed assets (net)
of a company with its long-term funds. It shows the
amount of fixed assets being financed by each unit of
long-term funds. It helps to determine the capacity of a
company to discharge its obligations towards long- term
lenders indicating its financial strength and ensuring its
long-term survival.

Fixed asset ratio = fixed asset / long term fund.

  FIXED ASSET NET WORTH RATIO

Fixed assets to net worth is a ratio measuring the solvency

of a company. This ratio indicates the extent to which the
owners’ cash is frozen in the form of fixed assets, such as
property, plant, and equipment, and the extent to which
funds are available for the company’s operations.

Fixed asset net worth ratio = fixed asset / share capital

fund.

 TREND PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

The next important tools of analysis are trend percentage

which plays significant role in analyzing the financial
stature of the enterprise through base years performance
ratio computation. This not only reveals the trend
movement of the financial performance of the enterprise
but also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the
enterprise The following ratio is being used to compute the
trend percentage.

Current year = ---------------X 100 Base year This trend

ratio is being computed for every component for many
numbers of years which not only facilitates comparison
but also guides the firm to understand the trend path of the
firm.

 COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET:

The comparative balance sheet analysis is the study of the

trend of the same items, group of items and computed
items in two or more balance sheet of the same business
enterprise on different dates. The changes in periodic
balance sheet items reflect the conduct of a business. The
changes can be observed by comparison of the conduct of
a business the changes can be observed by comparison of
the balance sheet at the beginning at the end of period and
these changes can help in forming an opinion about the
progress of an enterprise. Procedure of Comparative
Balance Sheet: The Comparative balance sheet has two
columns for the data of original balance sheet. Third
column is used to show increases in figures. The Fourth
column is use to give percentages of increase or decrease.
Uses of comparative balance sheet: Comparative statement
helps to comparing the figures with those of the previous
years event, it is possible to determine where expenses
increased or decreased Comparative balance sheet helps to
how to plan the following years event.

 COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET:

A balance sheet in which the items are expressed as

percentages of total assets or total liabilities. A common-
size statement is most useful when one attempts to
compare a company to similar companies of different size
or when one is comparing year-to-year variations in capital
structure in the same company. This type of financial
statement can be used to allow for easy analysis between
companies or between time periods of a company.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, my internship at Busy software provided
invaluable insights into the software development process
and industry practices. I gained hands on experience with
real- world projects, honed my technical skills and
collaborated with a talented team. This experience not only
enhanced my understanding of software development but
also solidified my career goals in this field. I am grateful
for opportunity and look forward to applying what I have
learned in future endeavors.
 REFERENCES

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