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Module 3 - Semiconductor Physics

Love story

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8 views15 pages

Module 3 - Semiconductor Physics

Love story

Uploaded by

ethanbinu2007
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ah?" Moowe -3 @ wonpuctoR Puysics Seviewsductns | : du cbivity in | Semiconductors are the elas of matelale Whore dedricall conduc "y ° in the wpge bfeo cenauctore @ imclators The forbidden gap gir | sermicenctitcton is veag cml, ft ard the{ aac ew J ‘9 Silicon Si, Gumaniam Ge, Silerturobe an the ecnany ae éemionctuctors Sernicerctuctore violates ebre's daw Barelgap width f Bilteon ts aboek lev ef Cramanicn m is about o%V ° Clasification of Serniconductove Semiconductors can be clawifec into hoo: t. Indrinsic Seni conductor 4. Exbrtovte Semiconductor L\ntinge Semiconductor | 0 i the peuc form of semiconductor , whose ESE is dur f fumdl excitation only: 0 In Intrnvic semiconductors, for way ebdron fred from the bonel , thee «i lie one hale extated! in the cagelal ey D0 -Bf canduiction tleckron is wal fe | Ce) q the n0-¢f holes at 4 qn tempackoe + The eoncluctron electrons cut clietributedl bleo the encury Levele , at bot ef conduckion hard and tp portion ef vale bund.” “Henu te aveage oa 4 skevon faking poet in conduition i equal fp $6 be, the fe" ad. intrinne sumicondudor is Lu at the mild pe int of forbidden 53) Scanned with Camscannee Propaics . Aut decried) conctuchyi 4s low | Te reef tn th canduchon is equal tr the noe] holes in VA. ne- Mp, tout cledvical contucivi Y depends on fernprratine & &, Ge bxtrintie Semiconductor A pute cee mredesiol (tke &, Ge ete) te doped wie care atlas q group 3 and 5 # catled sxtrintic semiconductor ftinvic cem/eonductor power Aighe chedrical eonduchvily tran intrinric amiconduttor The proce af eG hem peut edonas pee camiconeuchr by vilating 1 aystal structure to erhana cleric conduct iig ie called epping.. andl impos atoms are cele cl dopants Bod on the seichon Y aopert mederals, exbinnie semi concurtert ean de danified into Luo, dn type cemiconchatley 4) p-type aembeonclu ctor . n-type semivon ductor The extrinric sem) conductors In which , elutvons ae the maton’ theige coucis aie called ne ty pe semi tonductors. They eblained by dep) 4 pu sermicorduclor (uke “8, Ge) with a pentavadent rmpuuticr such cs 4S, Sb P cke.. ax ceponts —- Scanned with Camscannee ojin an n- pe semiconductors , thee ate mare no- pe adekOns com tech by intrinne cemiconolucter. (eis hrearue of the pracow of jem peut atems Cdopants) cuth ex Ae, ShyP che callrel denaas Tre fue electrons in Pipe | matenale pesee neve ene than the normal dlekrens. thee dhebvons axe claveled fo a penton ath fash © The ana tavds yy the than that of valence boncl, and ta 9 the brodgap vey fore fo conctuetion bane is called clonar level. (Ey): > he, the fovtrelden gap & te veduce a to Ge eq) at reo fernpactunn fen mere ne gf curons con clavated! te conduction band © |The au? ong conduction electron it equal £0 La-@) ueeD) | the fara tvel in an 1 type matercal at dowu teropuatuie will be lecaled in the ferbideen gap at fens Ge} gust below the | conduction band. Inan a-kype emicoretuctor there ase rmmobile te fone a.| P- type #1 An ectnnnc semicenduckor in which holt ase be ayer ty cater ate calleel - ty pe temi conductor « 2 they obtained by cleping a pase stral conductor (hike 6,62) with tnvalet Irmpasitics such a inciarsl® galliurd 04, Boron B ete at dopant 0 In p-type semioncdudors, thae ate faige ne-ef hole Cvacang of es) at vale: band ccinpaurd to intrinerc simicenductors fh es because J thn overince of tenpunitic tallecl aceper aloms fhe Scanned with Camscannee | the holes pee a RI aa jee fo heles increases 19 doeenweid arebion ta the band diagram. the cnuigey fevel ef holes eceupy in the band ap closed to the valenee banef ig called acceptor Level denoted ax ba, : The avenge mags of hole poepheg in ecnduction is equal fo $a be, te fami tevdl in P type mater Gb ba Ia p- fype semicorctuclore thue axe immobile rigatie fons n a t CB & 2 is bececec cecereeeccecec ¢— Accapler brid (co) Po |. Ep > tea Geni level) yi 2 eos of States lis defined a fea allewed enugey clates in anit cay re es eougy band in anit velume - it is dino ed bg zc). Connider Hie case pf a metal ith continueus “regy states Lub ele 1 mall inuimrnt in & and ZO) is the dneity yi tader at de Pte Wey [cues ¢ [22] ee| Scanned with Camscannee sel Baive the expresion for Dens nn Inbinsie _ofemicondu doy Leb dn! be the me. gf rbrone eahere tougg in the conduelion banal Le, da ldn = Z(e)elde| —0> tohue probability gf ebrone to be eccuple “. The telal ne De) checbvens pe anit volume In the mys AE Is g gine °4 Ine “fs@rene| oy | & | We have the expresion de deity of slates in conduchon band's given | #G@dde= Bf 8m [ode Sf be “(EPe oe whuer nisthe ffietive Mess ¢ dedyon, We have fami divac cistribabion Jeotion > sink (E- Ep) >>kT thatecan be __ epitlen to (E-fe [substituting ‘eo in @ wegek! | 2 ’ -(E-€, } °* J lief tedae oP") | & nm (28 Ya fe ec) GE) Fe) ce ée (ees Ra oO EC Hes Daa (tre) wiices te eS € ” ete Scanned wth CamSeannee éc Ne Bf em pe fe (ERE) ~ (Ee bi a i i? jeale™ er, Fat ip tae le eye pices ie —_—«) he a | &me e Aw kt, E-€ 3% 0 dev de | tava kr tee tha is pode te = a ‘Thai is asper gamma aceon ; substite Bir Ou gel . val io - 45 - sf pe) a t fm] e [ae] eo 4, (e# fe lana] he Gf ee ye ) ade: poz figefie Cae 2) [sity | he - p [tame] beef) ey et tamek |, pa tC S sep finite e. EE ve ne_o3 [2am kT ae) , q he e é ) aca) eZ | ne 2 feaite kT] e i De he , * ft & -€ |, ¢ btw tl 17 Ne oe ‘) : is thr eaprenton for €° concentration af conduction bend in intrinsic 2 Seméconduckor Scand with Caan Ce YE Ae SE SM peatuce pein, conttant antl ako alence band ¢ iri Deawe Hn erpresiton poy 4 ot holes In the vi ¢f. nt semtconcluetey ; 2 €+de Ad dp be the ae holes in te valene band belween € 2 E+ The holes prevent in the tmeigy vange Ae can be contten at AP. z- eNdE ap. smi] nf, os +1] de +194, eC] > oe a In thes case. a [24] (oe vd er Ade knew that 19 intrinsic eemuendullr n | Compare quefonlid ond) oe gee | sh (Ext | 2) (estan) e ip semicorcielor is as thewn in Pyle) The any f eebvens , in corctudion band ¥ fodest hfe pu is Coo pownde. Uetrors ro the. cordlection 4 gide cliffun into He conetietien bard J p.m cle Srnailaily , He dunnity of hele in the valene tarel of ade 5 hil, ind | Lewin n tide, Hene He felt in He vale Bard ef frunde Mdiffur do the velenu band of 2 gide. As dudrene leaves n-aeh, Ph forrig Led Fl) ctraccer Aotonwoud , Pit reault be enbre conduction bard in negten thfted alien woth, Bimibuly n pet'de en ave by P along with Ve Ie Te Ldytlh pod i ¢ ff d - The if bog gf aeapinas conbnuos ful he coug pint leh et Fy, Hb ins He dame od: Auvel ie eame region . when there @ Blah pe equilane, He marie Hoag: enigreticn come & an equilibniaum eonctfen . ae The asp locument df ney dorctin oppasrle dinchon, causes a Beneling | en ugy bord strudue® cd tu junition, Rnecin at cotlgy hell 4 adhee whue Vo Is the Barri pelintial at depletion dayer reg lon . | Tre chetrons in eB of nagion eannel cree the cenctudbien full of pig Scanned with Camcanner rl tre Aelts In the in wtalenu hell ef ” and fhe helts he VB a, Po vegren canned exo ft ent hell a unter they havea minimam encigy eve f ‘e r “ n ! Ay 0) Forsard Blatcd P-n Junction the peide conneeled ave tuminal and n-nide is conneclecl to the -ve tuminal of the Mey » the pp penction dice is daid tobe tn forwarc biasecl condition. In Hub case , the 4rce cecdrons ta n-wele ane rpellecl Ba te minal and nealvaltre the +ve tons ad the depletion region of onde. Sion lath the holes In pride ase repelled by tre dummal and nuttralice thé-ve jens ab the poride of Bpliten rater. this results Be retturen of diphben tay width and causes gy haige cavrlts aiffuse crea the panction - y the applied vellage 1 feu the indeacd, lage ne-g apt carnes cert Che fineion nelly an experatral Gctear’ ef cache, The minimam veltage veguirecl fo ovacome the barn potential called bull jo vellage oF cal of alae Scanned with Camscannee » Revase Bjaseet p-n junction . Y the p-sideis ceonuded te the -ve tuminal and 0- side ie canceled fe fk ave daminal of te bottey The pn punctien is said to be 1V US Biatecl The fue ebutrent cn n- ticle ancl hele en pride altrotled towards tke tye and -ve taminals Y the battery | thar veulls tn necare ¢ diplebon regen widle and pee ne Se | hed: carries con meva acres this lege petotial barrits - | dnveveise bas, a small amount of minenly earrent the may flew bres the Juncion in the range of Luh Thi curtin€ ts called reese salwuabren, current . At the applied volte Vj is inucared, the curve roche a peidt ab which thae (sa eudden 2 steep neise in eauenk called break down vellag : 2 — ae Nat t (i Enugy banel diag ram rer forward bined ard reveue biarect Eorwonrel Brose In forward biascdl condition te detron mugy at norgion and hele- enn al p-region inecasr ity the band shuckuce 2 r regen I shed spunk ard band shractoe ¥ pregion t tid Aoloncoer Thscfert, the Augat cordhiction hill ancl h cn he appltecl forward bieiedl vellage Ue acres the p. | | jammt Level on bath ride ab anameunk of eV, cg, J Ameer” Ml vane fe ascfere. the electrons act the n-region Ltimbs fhe C. clevetren fut aretholes from pericle to te value bond fr te ¢. es op tds ebrod taku gle : cas plot valence hitl reduces , depercts Scanned wth Camseannee Ab nvuce brated condition, the elethon entigg of P-rglen and hole energy of p-region decwases. At a vault the boc structure en beth vide atucaes towarcl the raugy deuce ctirechon. | Mon-nde the banel cleelute dearer in clewh ward and al p-ede the band shrucdue deceeater u ward. -¢, the Jum! kv at a-rele deucaues dewnward ard pride cearcler epwarel Thi vaults the tarde height Conduckion hilt and valenu Ail Pnutase The voriabien of truant Sn fiecght y eng will depends on the vevese biased sally Ne e I | Cis | Cig ae a 2) = eos ar) | (re Scanned with Camscannee Diede equation Yer re afe “1 Oa ae wns Ta equation is called gone! advcele equation. whue Ly-> rivate saturabon cucrent = v applied voltage ke Scltman conitant T-2 Reom tempuatue Coveurd wok) For forwavd biasedl Junction , VtVe . ‘ iy, ‘ ; : Tt. O20, [ yn 8 | Fey vevese. bree Janthon , _ Vz - Vg. . = ele ster eo > Le KT a ges hh ke SR Bale Nagios a) Scanned with Camscannee

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