MATH 3038 Tutorial Solution 9

Line Integrals and Surface Integrals

1. For this question we have

√ √
r(t) = ( 2 cos t, 2 sin t), where t ∈ [0, 2π],
√ √
r ′ (t) = (− 2 sin t, 2 cos t),
q √ √ √
′
|r (t)| = (− 2 sin t)2 + ( 2 cos t)2 = 2.

So the integral becomes

Z
2 2
√ Z 2π
x y ds = 4 2 cos2 t sin2 t dt .
C 0

Now we note that

1 2
cos2 t sin2 t =sin 2t
4
1
= (1 − cos 4t).
8
Substituting we have
Z √ Z 2π
2 2 2
x y ds = (1 − cos 4t) dt
C 2 0
√  2π
2 1
= t − sin 4t
2 4 0
√
2
= [(2π) − (0)]
√2
= 2π

2. If we consider the intersection of the cone and plane projected into the xy-plane we
can eliminate z in the cone equation using the plane z = y − 1 to give

2x2 + 2y 2 = (y − 1)2
2x2 + 2y 2 = y 2 − 2y + 1
2x2 + y 2 + 2y + 1 = 2
(y + 1)2
x2 + = 1.
2
Now this is an ellipse which we can parameterise by
y+1 √
x = cos t, √ = sin t =⇒ y= 2 sin t − 1.
2
 And we know z = y − 1 to be in the plane we arrive at a parameterisation for Γ in
R3 , given by
√ √
r(t) = (cos t, 2 sin t − 1, 2 sin t − 2), where t ∈ [0, 2π],
√ √
dr = (− sin t, 2 cos t, 2 cos t) dt .

Now considering the vector field f we have

f (x, y, z) = (y, 0, 1),

√
f (r(t)) = ( 2 sin t − 1, 0, 1),
√ √ √
f (r(t)) · dr = ( 2 sin t − 1, 0, 1) · (− sin t, 2 cos t, 2 cos t) dt
√ √
= (sin t − 2 sin2 t + 2 cos t) dt .

So we can look at the integral

I Z 2π √ √
f · dr = (sin t − 2 sin2 t + 2 cos t) dt
Γ 0
√ !
Z 2π
2 √
= sin t − (1 − cos 2t) + 2 cos t dt
0 2
" √  #2π
√

2 1
= − cos t − t − sin 2t + 2 sin t
2 2
0
h √  i
= −1 − 2π − (−1)
√
= − 2π.

3. This question is asking for the integral of f · dr along Γ. From the parameterisation
we have

r(t) = (cos t, sin t, t), where t ∈ [0, 2π]

dr = (− sin t, cos t, 1) dt .
f (x) = (y, 2x, −z)
f (r) = (sin t, 2 cos t, −t)
f (r)ḋr = (sin t, 2 cos t, −t) · (− sin t, cos t, 1) dt
= (− sin2 t + 2 cos2 t − t) dt
= (3 cos2 t − t − 1) dt
 
3
= (1 + cos 2t) − t − 1 dt
2
 
3 1
= cos 2t − t + dt .
2 2
 So now we are ready to tackle the integration which goes as follows
Z Z 2π  
3 1
f · dr = cos 2t − t + dt
Γ 0 2 2
 2π
3 1 2 1
= sin 2t − t + t
4 2 2 0
2
= [(−2π + π) − (0)]
= π − 2π 2 .

4. The field is given by f (x) = (x, ey ).

(a) This is an imprecise statement but the simplest explanation is to use the
standard circle parameterisation centred at the origin and radius 2 and to go
clockwise around the circle (shortest path). This is given by
π
r(t) = (2 cos t, 2 sin t), where t = → 0,
2
dr = (−2 sin t, 2 cos t) dt ,
f (x) = (x, ey ),
f (r) = (2 cos t, e2 sin t ),
f (r) · dr = (2 cos t, e2 sin t ) · (−2 sin t, 2 cos t) dt
= (−4 sin t cos t + 2e2 sin t cos t) dt
= (2e2 sin t cos t − 2 sin 2t) dt .
Now let’s do the integral
Z Z 0
f · dr = (2e2 sin t cos t − 2 sin 2t) dt
Γ π/2
0
= e2 sin t + cos 2t π/2


= [(1 + 1) − (e2 − 1)]

= 3 − e2 .
(b) There is no ambiguity here we use
r(t) = (t, 2 − t), where t = 0 → 2,
dr = (1, −1) dt ,
f (x) = (x, ey ),
f (r) = (t, e2−t ),
f (r) · dr = (t, e2−t ) · (1, −1) dt
= (t − e2−t ) dt .
So computing the integral we have
Z Z 2
f · dr = (t − e2−t ) dt
Γ 0
 2
1 2 2−t
= t +e
2 0
2
= [(2 + 1) − (e )]
= 3 − e2 .
 Is f conservative?
Well it looks like it is since two unrelated paths from (0, 2) to (2, 0) evaluated to
the same thing. We note that the x component of f depends just on x and the y
component of f depends just on y. In this case it is not difficult to see that must
have potential ϕ of the form
Z Z
ϕ(x) = f1 (x) dx + f2 (y) dy
1
= x2 + ey + c, where c is a constant,
2
since this gives
∇ϕ(x) = (x, ey ) = f (x).

5. As we are dealing with an surface S which is part of a cone some form of polar
coordinates is best. We employ cylindrical polar coordinates with
x(r, θ) = r cos θ,
y(r, θ) = r sin θ,
p
z(r, θ) = x2 + y 2 = r.
So
√
r(r, θ) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, r), where 1 ≤ r ≤ 2, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
rr = (cos θ, sin θ, 1),
rθ = (−r sin θ, r cos θ, 0),
dS = (−r cos θ, −r sin θ, r) dr dθ .
We note that dS · k = r > 0 and so we have the correct orientation of dS. Now
f (x) = (x2 , y 2 , z 2 )
f (r) = (r2 cos2 θ, r2 sin2 θ, r2 )
f (r) · dS = (r2 cos2 θ, r2 sin2 θ, r2 ) · (−r cos θ, −r sin θ, r) dr dθ
= (−r3 cos3 θ − r3 sin3 θ + r3 ) dr dθ
= r3 (1 − cos3 θ − sin3 θ) dr dθ .
So the flux integral is
√
ZZ Z 2 Z 2π
3
f · dS = r dr (1 − cos3 θ − sin3 θ) dθ .
S 1 0

So computing the r integral we have

Z √2  √ 2
1 1 3
r3 dr = r4 = [4 − 1] = .
1 4 1 4 4
We now consider the θ integrand where we note that
1 − cos3 θ − sin3 θ = 1 − cos θ(1 − sin2 θ) − sin θ(1 − cos2 θ)
= 1 − cos θ − sin θ + cos θ sin2 θ + sin θ cos2 θ.
Which are not all exact integrals and so
Z 2π Z 2π
3 3
(1 − cos θ − sin θ) dθ = (1 − cos θ − sin θ + cos θ sin2 θ + sin θ cos2 θ) dθ
0 0
 2π
1 3 1 3
= θ − sin θ + cos θ + sin θ − cos θ
3 3 0
= 2π.

And so
ZZ
3 3π
f · dS = × 2π = .
S 4 2

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