Rectangular Notch
Aim
To determine the co-efficient of discharge through rectangular notch.
Introduction
A notch is a device used for measuring the rate of a liquid through a small channel in a tank.
It may be defined as an opening in the side of a tank or a small channel in such a way that the liquid
surface in the tank or channel is below the top edge of the opening. The sheet of water flowing through
the notch is called Nappe or Vein. The bottom edge of the notch over which the water flows is known
as the sill or crest.
Theory
A Notch is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a liquid through a small channel or
a tank. It may be defined as an opening in the side of a tank or vessel such as liquid surface in the tank
is below the level of opening. Notches can be of different shapes such as triangular, rectangular,
trapezoidal, stepped notch, etc. the bottom of the notch over which the water flows is known as crest
or sill and the thin sheet of water flowing through the notch is known as nappe or vein. The edges of
the notch are bevelled on the downstream side so as to have a sharp-edged sides and crest resulting
in minimum contact with the flowing fluid.
Description
It takes its name from the shape of its notch. The discharge through a weir or notch is directly related
to the water depth or head (H). This head is affected by the condition of the crest, the contraction,
the velocity of approaching stream and the elevation of the water surface downstream from the weir.
Precautions & maintenance instruction
1. Never switch on power supply before ensuring that all the on/off switches given on the panel are
in off position.
2. Never run the pump at low voltage.
3. Never fully close the Delivery & By-pass line valves simultaneously.
4. Always keep the apparatus free from dust.
5. Frequently grease/Oil the rotating parts, once in three months.
6. Always use clean water.
7. If the apparatus will not be in use for more than one month, drain the apparatus completely.
Procedure
1. Clean the apparatus and make all the tanks free from dust.
2. Close the drain valves provided.
3. Close the flow control valve given in the water line.
4. Open bye pass valve.
5. Fix desired notch on the flow channel.
6. Fill sump tank ¾ with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there.
7. Ensure that all on-off switches given on the panel box are in off position.
8. Now switch on the main power supply.
9. Switch on the pump
10. Regulate the flow of water through channel with the help of given flow control valve.
11. Record the height of the water level in the channel with the help of the pointer gauge.
12. Measure flow rate using measuring tank & stop watch.
13. When the experiment is over, switch off the pump.
14. Switch off the power supply to the panel.
15. Drain water from the tanks with the help of the drain valves provided.
Computations
Discharge(Q)
𝐴×𝑅
Qa = 𝑡 (m3/s)
Velocity
2
Qt = 3 L √2𝑔 (H)3/2 (m3/s)
Co-efficient of Discharge
𝑄
Cd = 𝑄𝑎
𝑡
Qa = actual discharge in m3/s
Qt = Theoretical discharge in m3/s
L = width of rectangular notch in meter = 5 cm
H = water head over crest in meter
R = rise of water level in measuring tank
t = time for R
Cd = Co-efficient of discharge for Rectangular notch
Observation and Calculations
Data
Area of Measuring Tank = 0.1 m2
Observation table
Sl. No Sill level Water Water Head Rise of Time for
reading (cm) flow Over Crest H Water Level R, t (sec)
(h1) reading = h1- h2 (cm) in
(cm) (h2) Measuring
tank (cm)
1
2
3
Result table
Sl. Actual Theoretical 𝑄 Average Cd
Cd = 𝑄𝑎
𝑡
No discharge- discharge-
Qa(m3/s) Qt(m3/s)
1
2
3
Conclusions
Thus, the Co-efficient of discharge through Rectangular notch is calculated experimentally.
Average value of Cd of Rectangular Notch is …………