c`v_©weÁvb

[Link]- GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖYx

Aa¨vq -2 (‡f±i)
Ávbg~jKt
cÖkœ 1| ‡¯‹jvi ivwk Kx?
DËi : ‡h mKj ‡fŠZ ivwk‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c«Kv‡ki Rb¨ ïay gvbB h‡_ó, w`‡Ki ‡Kv‡bv cª‡qvRb nq bv ‡mme ivwkB ‡¯‹jvi
ivwk ev Aw`K ivwk |

cÖkœ 2| ‡f±i ivwk Kx?

DËi : ‡h mKj ‡fŠZ ivwk‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e c«Kvk Kivi Rb¨ gvb I w`K Df‡qi cª‡qvRb nq ‡mme ivwkB ‡f±i ivwk|

cÖkœ 3| GKK ‡f±i Kx? [Xv ‡ev. 23, iv, ‡ev, '17, h, ‡ev, '22; Ky. ‡ev. '22, 21]
DËi : ‡h ‡f±‡ii gvb GK GKK Zv‡K GKK ‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 4| AvqZ GKK ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j? [h. ‡ev. '24, '16; P. ‡ev. 19; e. ‡ev. '24, '19; wm. ‡ev. 21]
DËi : wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq abvZ¥K X, Y I Z A‡¶i w`‡K e¨eüZ h_vµ‡g iˆ , ĵ I kˆ GKK ‡f±i¸‡jv‡K AvqZ
GKK ‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 5| Ae¯’vb ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j?

[Xv. ‡ev. '24; iv. ‡ev, '24, 23, 21, h. ‡ev. 23, 21, Ky. ‡ev. '24, 16; P. ‡ev, '24, '21, '17: wm. ‡ev, '24, 22, 21: e.
‡ev, '21, 16. w`. ‡ev. 24, 21]
DËi : cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ ‡h ‡f±i w`‡q ‡Kv‡bv we›`yi Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb ‡f±i e‡j |

cªkœ 6| bvj ‡f±i Kx? [Xv. ‡ev. 16,iv. ‡ev. '21: e. ‡ev. '17: g. ‡ev. '21]
DËi : ‡h ‡f±‡ii gvb k~b¨ ZvB k~b¨ ev bvj ‡f±i |

cÖkœ 7| mgZjxq ‡f±‡ii msÁv `vI| [iv. ‡ev. 23; w`. ‡ev. 23, g. ‡ev. [23]
DËi : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±i hw` GKB Z‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K mgZjxq ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 8| mg‡iL ‡f±‡ii msÁv `vI| [iv. ‡ev. 23; w`. ‡ev. 23, g. ‡ev. [23]
DËi : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±i (mgvb ev Amgvb) hw` GKB mij †iLv eivei A_ev, ci¯úi mgvšÍiv‡j GKB w`‡K A_ev
wecixZ w`‡K wµqv K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K mg‡iL ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 9| mwVK ‡f±‡ii msÁv `vI| [iv. ‡ev. 23; w`. ‡ev. 23, g. ‡ev. 23]
DËi : ‡h †f±‡ii gvb k~b¨ bq, Zv‡K mwVK †f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 10| ¯^vaxb ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j? [h. ‡ev. 17]

DËi : ‡Kv‡bv ‡f±i ivwki gvb I w`K wVK ‡i‡L B‡”Qg‡Zv cv`we›`y ‡bIqv ‡M‡j Zv‡K ¯^vaxb ev gy³ ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 11| mxgve× ‡f±i Kx? [h. ‡ev. 19 Ky. ‡ev, '24]
DËi : ‡h ‡f±‡ii ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡K cv`we›`y wn‡m‡e wVK K‡i ivLv nq ZvB mxgve× ‡f±i|

cÖkœ 12| Zj ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j? [wm. ‡ev. 23]

DËi : ‡h ‡Kv‡bv mgZ‡ji Dci Aw¼Z Awfj¤^‡K H Z‡ji Zj ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 13| m`…k ‡f±i Kx? [w`, ‡ev, '22]

DËi : mgRvZxq Amg gv‡bi `ywU ‡f±i hw` GKB w`‡K wµqv K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K ci¯úi m`…k ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 14| wem`…k ‡f±i Kx? [g. ‡ev. '23]

DËi : mgRvZxq I Amggv‡bi `ywU ‡f±i hw` wecixZ w`‡K wµqv K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K wem`…k ‡f±i e‡j|
cÖkœ 15| mgvb ‡f±i Kx? [Xv, ‡ev, '22]
DËi : mgRvZxq `yBwU mgvšÍivj ‡f±‡ii gvb I w`K GKB n‡j Zviv ci¯úi mgvb ‡f±i|

cÖkœ 16| FYvZ¡K ev wecixZ ‡f±i Kx? [Xv, ‡ev, '22]

DËi : wbw`©ó w`K eivei †Kvb †f±i‡K abvZ¡K ai‡j Zvi wecixZ w`‡K mg gv‡bi mgRvZxq †f±i‡K FYvZ¡K ev wecixZ
‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 17| wecªZxc ‡f±i Kx? [Ky. ‡ev. 23: iv. ‡ev. 19]
DËi : `ywU mgvšÍivj ‡f±‡ii GKwUi gvb AciwUi wecªZxc n‡j Zv‡`i‡K wecªZxc ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 18| jwä ‡f±i Kx? [iv. ‡ev. 16; h. ‡ev. 15]
DËi : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±‡ii mgš^hq ‡h bZyb ‡f±i cvIqv hvq ZvB jwä ‡f±i |

cÖkœ 19| e¨vmva© ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi : cªm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ ‡Kv‡bv we›`yi Ae¯’vb ‡h ‡f±i w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K H we›`yi Ae¯’vb ‡f±i ev
e¨vmva© ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 20| miY ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j? [P. ‡ev. '22: e. ‡ev. 21]
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv KYvi Ae¯’vb ‡f±‡ii cwieZ©b‡K Zvi nvi‡K miY ‡f±i e‡j |

cÖkœ 21| mg- cÖviw¤¢K ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi : GKB g~jwe›`y ev cv`we›`y wewkó †f±i mg~n‡K mg- cÖviw¤¢K ‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 22| Aÿxq ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi : ‡h mKj †f±i e¯‘i N~Y©‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Zv‡`i‡K Aÿxq ‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 23| ‡cvjvi ‡f±i Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi : ‡hmKj †f±i e¯‘i N~Y©‡bi mv‡_ hy³ bq Zv‡`i‡K ‡cvjvi ‡f±i e‡j|

cÖkœ 24| ‡f±i ‡hv‡Mi mvgvšÍwiK m~ÎwU wee…Z Ki|

DËi : ‡f±i ‡hv‡Mi mvgvšÍwiK m~ÎwU n‡jv, ‡Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû hw` `ywU ‡f±‡ii gvb I w`K m~wPZ K‡i
Z‡e H evû؇qi ‡Q`we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©wU ‡f±i `ywUi jwäi gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|

cÖkœ 25| ‡f±i ‡hv‡Mi wÎfyR m~ÎwU ‡jL| [iv. ‡ev. '22; P. ‡ev. '23]
DËi : ‡f±i ‡hv‡Mi wÎfyR m~ÎwU n‡jv- hw` ‡Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri `ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv GKB µ‡g `ywU GKB RvZxq ‡f±i
wb‡`©k Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j wÎfy‡Ri Z…Zxq evûwU wecixZµ‡g ‡f±i `ywUi jwä wb‡`©k Ki‡e|

cÖkœ 26| ‡f±i wefvRb Kx? ( h.‡ev, '21: iv. ‡ev. 15: wm. ‡ev. 16, 15]
DËi : GKwU ‡f±i ivwk‡K `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±i ivwk‡Z wef³ Kivi cªwµqvB ‡f±i wefvRb |

cÖkœ 27| WU ¸Yb ev ‡¯‹jvi ¸Yb Kx? [P. ‡ev. '22]

DËi : `ywU ‡f±‡ii ‡h ¸Y‡b GKwU ‡¯‹jvi ivwk cvIqv hvq Ges Gi gvb H ‡f±i؇qi gvb Ges Zv‡`i AšÍf©y³ ‡Kv‡Yi
cosine Gi gv‡bi ¸Yd‡ji mgvb nq ‡m ¸YbB WU ¸Yb ev ‡¯‹jvi ¸Yb |

cÖkœ 28| ‡f±i ev µm ¸Yb Kx?

DËi : `ywU ‡f±‡ii ‡h ¸Y‡b GKwU ‡f±i ivwk cvIqv hvq Ges Gi gvb H ‡f±i؇qi gvb Ges Zv‡`i AšÍf©y³ ‡Kv‡Yi sine
Gi gv‡bi ¸Yd‡ji mgvb nq ‡m ¸YbB ‡f±i ev µm¸Yb |
cÖkœ 29| WvbnvwZ ¯Œy wbqg Kx? [Ky. ‡ev. 17]
DËi : WvbnvwZ ¯Œy wbqgwU n‡jv- `ywU ‡f±i ‡h mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z ‡m mgZ‡ji Awfj¤^ eivei GKwU WvbnvwZ ¯Œy ‡i‡L
cÖ_g ‡f±‡ii w`K ‡_‡K wØZxq ‡f±‡ii w`‡K ¶y`ªZi ‡Kv‡Y Nyiv‡j ¯ŒywU ‡h w`‡K AM«mi nq ‡m w`KB n‡e ‡f±i ¸Yd‡ji
w`K| WvbnvwZ ¯Œy wbqgwU `ywU ‡f±i ¸Yd‡ji w`K wbY©‡qi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

cÖkœ 30| j¨vcøvwmqvb Acv‡iUi Kv‡K e‡j? [e. ‡ev. 23]

2 2 2
DËi : ev + + ‡K j¨vcøvwmqvb Acv‡iUi e‡j|
x 2 y 2 z 2

cÖkœ 31| ‡¯‹jvi ‡¶Î Kv‡K e‡j? [w`, ‡ev, '23]

DËi : ‡f±i dvskb ev ‡¶‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ ¸‡jv‡K ‡¯‹jvi‡¶Î e‡j |

cÖkœ 32| ‡f±i Acv‡iUi Kx? [Xv. ‡ev. 24; P. ‡ev. 15; g. ‡ev. 22]
DËi : ‡hme MvwYwZK wP‡ýi mvnv‡h¨ ‡f±i ivwki iƒcvš—i Kiv nh ‡m¸‡jvB ‡f±i Acv‡iUi|

cÖkœ 33| WvBfvi‡RÝ Kv‡K e‡j? [Xv. ‡ev. '23; Ky. ‡ev. '22]
DËi : ‡f±i Acv‡iUi Gi mv‡_ ‡Kv‡bv GKwU ‡f±i ‡¶‡Îi WU ¸Yb ev ‡¯‹jvi ¸Yb‡K H ‡¶‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ e‡j |

cÖkœ 34| Kvj© Kx? [Ky. ‡ev. '19, '15; wm. ‡ev. '22, '17; e. ‡ev. Õ23, 22, 'w` ‡ev, '24, '19]

DËi : A  Ax iˆ  Ay ˆj  Az kˆ Øviv GKwU ‡f±i ‡¶Î wbw`©ó n‡j Ges G‡K ‡¶‡Îi ‡h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z (x, y, z)
 
wWdv‡ibwmcWU Kiv ‡M‡j ‡f±i Acv‡iUi I A -Gi ‡f±i ¸YbB - A Gi Kvj© |

cÖkœ 35| ‡¯‹jvi A‡c¶‡Ki Mª¨vwW‡q‡›Ui msÁv ‡jL| [Xv. ‡ev. '21, '17, wm. ‡ev. [23]
DËi : ‡h ‡f±i ‡¶Î Aw`K ivwki me©vwaK e…w×i nvi c«Kvk K‡i Zv‡K ‡MªwW‡q›U e‡j |

cÖkœ 36| ‡f±i e¨eKjbxq ev wWdv‡ibwkqvj Acv‡iUi Kx?

DËi : mgq t- Gi ¶y`«vwZ¶y`« cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ t-Gi mv‡c‡¶ ‡f±‡ii cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K mgq mv‡c‡¶ ‡f±‡ii ‡f±i
e¨eKjbxq ev wWdv‡ibwkqvj Acv‡iUi e‡j |
Abyavebg~jK t
cÖkœ 1: ¯^vaxb ‡f±‡ii cv`we›`y g~jwe›`y‡Z bq ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. ‡ev. 15]
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv ‡f±i ivwki gvb I w`K wVK ‡i‡L cv`we›`y‡K B‡”Qg‡Zv ‡bIqv ‡M‡j Zv‡K ¯^vaxb ‡f±i e‡j| A_©vr ¯^vaxb
‡f±i ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y ‡_‡K wµqv K‡i bv| GR‡b¨ ¯^vaxb ‡f±‡ii cv`we›`y g~jwe›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z bq| |

cÖkœ 2: GKK ‡f±i I AvqZ GKK ‡f±i Df‡qiB gvb 1 wKš‘ Giv wfbœ ‡Kb? [iv. ‡ev. '21]
A_ev, AvqZ GKK ‡f±‡ii w`K wbw`©ó n‡jI GKK ‡f±‡ii w`K wbw`©ó bq? e¨vL¨v Ki |
DËi : GKK ‡f±‡ii w`K g~j ‡f±‡ii w`‡K nq| g~j ‡f±‡ii w`K ‡h‡Kv‡bv w`‡KB n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AvqZ GKK
‡f±i¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb h_vµ‡g X A¶ eivei iˆ , Y A¶ eivei ĵ I Z A¶ eivei kˆ | wKš‘ GKK ‡f±‡ii w`K ‡h‡Kv‡bv
w`‡K n‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, GKK ‡f±i I AvqZ GKK ‡f±i Df‡qiB gvb 1 n‡jI Giv wfbœ|

cÖkœ 3: mKj mg‡iL ‡f±i mgvb ‡f±i bq - e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. ‡ev. 19]
DËi : hw` `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±i GKB mij‡iLv eivei A_ev, ci¯úi mgvšÍivjfv‡e wµqv K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K mg‡iL
‡f±i e‡j| G‡¶‡Î ‡f±i¸‡jv mggvb ev Amggv‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgvb ‡f±‡ii ‡¶‡Î `ywU ‡f±‡ii gvb mgvb I w`K
GKB w`‡K n‡Z n‡e| myZivs mKj mg‡iL ‡f±i mgvb ‡f±i bq|

cÖkœ 4 : Ae¯’vb ‡f±i GKwU mxgve× ‡f±i - e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. ‡ev. '22; P. ‡ev. '24]
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡K g~jwe›`y a‡i ‡h ‡f±i A¼b Kiv nq, Zv‡K mxgve× ‡f±i ejv nq| A_©vr ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡K
hw` cv`we›`y wn‡m‡e wVK ivLv nq, Zvn‡j H ‡f±iwUB mxgve× ‡f±i| g~jwe›`y‡K cv`we›`y a‡i ‡h ‡f±i cvIqv hvq Zv‡K
Ae¯’vb ‡f±i e‡j | myZivs Ae¯’vb ‡f±i GKwU mxgve× ‡f±i|

cÖkœ 5: GKwU wecªZxc ‡f±i‡K mg‡iL ‡f±i ejv hv‡e wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. ‡ev. Õ23; Ky. ‡ev. 17]
DËi : `ywU mgRvZxq mgvšÍivj ‡f±‡ii GKwUi gvb AciwUi wecªZxc n‡j Zv‡`i‡K wecªZxc ‡f±i e‡j | ‡hgb, wP‡Î
  1
A  5iˆ I B  iˆ ci¯úi wecªZxc ‡f±i |
5

Avevi, `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡f±i hw` Ggb nq ‡h Zviv GKB ‡iLvq ev mgvšÍiv‡jwµqv K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K mg‡iL ‡f±i e‡j |
    
wP‡Î, A, B ev A, B, C mg‡iL ‡f±i| myZivs, wecªZxc ‡f±i‡K mg‡iL ‡f±i ejv hv‡e|
cÖkœ :6| `ywU mgvb mgRvZxq ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki|[P. ‡ev. 16]
DËi : `ywU mgvb mgRvZxq ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i hw` ‡f±i `ywUi w`K ci¯úi wecixZ w`‡K nq|
 
‡hgb : P  Q n‡j,
     
P I Q Gi jwä = P  Q  Q  Q  0

cÖkœ 7 : mgvb ‡f±i, mgvšÍivj ‡f±i wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki|[P. ‡ev. '21]
DËi : mg ev Amg gv‡bi mgRvZxq GKvwaK ‡f±i GKB w`‡K wµqvkxj n‡j Zv‡`i‡K mgvšÍivj ‡f±i e‡j| Avevi
mgRvZxq `ywU ‡f±‡ii gvb mgvb Ges w`K GKB w`‡K n‡j Zv‡`i‡K mgvb ‡f±i e‡j| AZGe, mgvb ‡f±i‡K mgvšÍivj
‡f±i ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mKj mgv¯Íivj ‡f±i mgvb ‡f±i bq|

cÖkœ 8: bvj ‡f±‡ii mywbw`©ó w`K ‡bB ‡Kb? [iv. ‡ev. 15]
A_ev, bvj ‡f±‡ii w`K e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. ‡ev. 22]
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv ‡f±‡ii wb‡`©kK ‡iLvskwUi Avw`we›`y I ‡klwe›`y hw` wg‡j hvq Z‡e ‡iLvskwU GKwU we›`y‡Z cwiYZ nq| G
ai‡bi ‡f±i‡K k~b¨ ‡f±i ev AKvh©Ki ‡f±i e‡j | myZivs k~b¨ ‡f±i Ggb GKwU ‡f±i hvi gvb k~b¨, Ae¯’vb Av‡Q wKš‘
‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó w`K ‡bB |
 
‡Kv‡bv e¯‘i Dci mgvb I wecixZgyLx `ywU ej F I  F wµqv Ki‡j e¯‘wU mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K; A_©vr e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj
jwäejwU k~b¨ nq| jwäej k~b¨ GB Dw³wU ‡_‡K ‡evSv hvq, GB k~b¨wU ‡Kv‡bv mvaviY ‡¯‹jvi bq, eis GKwU ‡f±i|
 
‡hgb : G‡¶‡Î F  ( F )  0 |
cÖkœ 9: `yB‡qi AwaK ‡f±‡ii jwä mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv hvq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. ‡ev. '23]
DËi : `yB‡qi AwaK ‡f±‡ii jwä mvgvšÍwiK m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv hvq bv| mvgvšÍwiK m~Îvbymv‡i ‡h‡nZy mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU
mwbœwnZ evû `ywUi ‡f±i Ges KY© G‡`i jwä wb‡`©k K‡i, ZvB `yB Gi AwaK ‡f±i n‡j GwU Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evû `yB Gi AwaK m¤¢e bq| Z‡e AwaKevi mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~Î e¨envi K‡i `yB‡qi AwaK ‡f±‡ii jwä
wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e| g~jZ, gvÎ GKevi mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~Î e¨envi K‡i `yB‡qi AwaK ‡f±‡ii jwä wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq|

cÖkœ 10 : evZv‡mi cªev‡ni w`‡K ‡`Šov‡j evZv‡mi ‡eM Kg g‡b nq ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. ‡ev. 15]
DËi : evZv‡mi cªev‡ni w`‡K ‡`Šov‡j evZv‡mi ‡eM Av‡cw¶K ‡e‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kg g‡b nq| aiv hvK, ‡Kv‡bv GKw`b
 
evZv‡mi ‡eM va | ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ evZv‡mi ‡e‡Mi w`‡K v P ‡e‡M ‡`Šov‡”Q| myZivs D³ e¨w³i mv‡c‡¶ evZv‡mi Av‡cw¶K
    
‡eM, v AP  v A  (vB )  v A  vP | ‡h‡nZy `ywU ‡e‡Mi w`K GKB, ZvB ‡f±i ‡hvRb ev we‡qvvRb bxwZ Abymv‡i Zv‡`i
  
we‡qvMd‡ji gvb n‡e ‡eM `ywUi gv‡bi we‡qvMd‡ji mgvb| A_©vr, v AP  v A  vB | myZivs ‡`Šowe‡`i mv‡c‡¶ evZv‡mi
Av‡cw¶K ‡eM evZv‡mi ‡e‡Mi ‡P‡q Kg| ZvB evZv‡mi c«ev‡ni w`‡K ‡`Šov‡j evZv‡mi ‡eM Kg g‡b nq |
cÖkœ 11 : U«wj e¨v‡Mi nvZj j¤^v ivLv nq ‡Kb?- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv, ‡ev, '22; P. ‡ev. '24, 23]
DËi : Uªwj e¨vM Uvbvi mgq cÖhy³ e‡ji Abyf~wgK Dcvsk F cos mvg‡bi w`‡K Kvh©Ki nq| e¨v‡Mi nvZj hZ j¤^v nq
e¨vMwU Uvbvi mgq Zv f~wgi mv‡_ ZZ Kg ‡KvY ‰Zwi K‡i| A_©vr nvZjwU f~wgi ‡ewk KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| Avi  Gi gvb Kg
n‡j cos Gi gvb ‡ewk nq| A_©vr G‡¶‡Î f~wg eivei ‡e‡Mi gvb ‡ewk nq hv‡Z e¨vMwU mn‡RB ‡U‡b ‡bIqv hvq| GRb¨B
U«wj e¨v‡Mi nvZj j¤^v ivLv ‡hŠw³K|

cÖkœ 12: ‡bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbvi ‡¶‡Î ‰eVvi cª‡qvRbxqZv Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|[Xv ‡ev. [21]
DËi : ‡bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbvi mgq Uvb ej Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_  ‡KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j Uvb e‡ji Djø¤^ Dcvsk F sin  nvj ev ‰eVv
Øviv cªwZnZ nq| hw` ‰eVv F sin  Dcvsk‡K cªkwgZ bv KiZ Zvn‡j ‡bŠKv Avbyf~wgK eivei bv wM‡q ¸‡Yi w`‡K P‡j
‡hZ| G Kvi‡Y ‡bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbvi ‡¶‡Î ‰eVvi cª‡qvRbxqZv Av‡Q|

cÖkœ 13 : ‡Vjvi ‡¶‡Î jb‡ivjvi‡K fvix g‡b nq ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|[Ky. ‡ev. 23]
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv e¯‘i IRb memgq Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqv K‡i| jb‡ivjvi †Vjvi mgq Uvb e‡ji Abyf~wgK Dcvsk F cos v
jb ‡ivjvi‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z KvR K‡i Ges
Djø¤^ Dcvsk F sin  hv IRb W Gi w`‡K KvR K‡i| d‡j jb ‡ivjv‡ii AvcvZ IRb n‡e, W /  W  F sin  A_©vr,
AvcvZ IRb e„w× cvq A_©vr, W' > W | Avi ZvB, ‡Vjvi ‡¶‡Î jb ‡ivjvi‡K fvix g‡b nq|

cÖkœ 14 : evqy cªevn bv _vK‡jI GKRb mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx evZv‡mi SvcUv Abyfe K‡ib ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|[iv. ‡ev. 19]
DËi : Av‡cw¶K ‡e‡Mi Kvi‡Y evqy cªevn bv _vK‡jI mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx evZv‡mi SvcUv Abyfe K‡ib| GLv‡b mvB‡Kj
Av‡ivnx MwZkxj Ges evqy w¯’i| hLb mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx MwZkxj nq, ZLb w¯’i evqy mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnxi mv‡c‡¶ Zvi wecix‡Z
MwZkxj g‡b nq| d‡j mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx evZv‡mi SvcUv Abyfe K‡ib|

cÖkœ 15 : wZbwU ‡f±‡ii jwä KLb k~b¨ nq? [iv. ‡ev. '22]
DËi : wZbwU ‡f±‡ii g‡a¨ ‡h‡Kv‡bv `ywU ‡f±‡ii jwä Z…Zxq ‡f±iwUi mgvb I wecixZgyLx n‡j ‡f±i wZbwUi jwä k~b¨
     
nq| g‡b Kwi, A, B Ges C wZbwU ‡f±‡ii Avw` we›`y O | A Ges B ‡f±‡ii jwä hw` C ‡f±‡ii mgvb I weixZgyLx
     
nq Z‡e, A  B  C ev, A  B  C  0 , A_©vr wZbwU ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i |

cÖkœ 16: `ywU Amgvb mgRvZxq ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki | [h. ‡ev. Õ22; w`. ‡ev. 22]
DËi : `ywU ‡f±i ci¯úi mgvb I wecixZgyLx n‡j Zv‡`i jwä k~b¨ nq|
 
g‡b Kwi, P I Q ‡f±i؇qi ga¨eZ©x ‡KvY  | G‡`i jwäi gvb, R  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos
hLb   180 0 ZLb jwä R Gi gvb ¶y`«Zg nq| A_©vr jwä ‡f±‡ii b¨ybZg gvb, Rmin  P  Q
ev Rmin  Q  P , GLb ‡`Lv hv‡”Q, P Ges Q Amgvb n‡j R Gi b¨~bZg gvb k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs `ywU Amgvb
mgRvZxq ‡f±‡ii jwä KLbI k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv |
cÖk 17: ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_ AvovAvwofv‡e b`x cvwo w`‡Z ‡bŠKv Kxfv‡e Pvjv‡Z n‡e- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. ‡ev. '23; w`. ‡ev. '23; g.
‡ev. '23]
DËi : ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_ AvovAvwofv‡e b`x cvwo w`‡Z PvB‡j Ggbfv‡e Pvjv‡Z n‡e ‡hb ‡bŠKv I ‡mªv‡Zi jwä‡eM ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_
AvovAvwofv‡e _v‡K| A_©vr, jwä‡eM ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_ j¤^ nq| ‡m‡¶‡Î ‡bŠKvi ‡eM‡K Aek¨B ‡mªv‡Zi ‡eM A‡c¶v eo n‡Z
n‡e Ges ‡bŠKvwU‡K Aek¨B ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_ ¯’~j ‡Kv‡Y †¯ªv‡Zi wecixZw`‡K hvÎv ïiy Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖkœ 18: PviwU ‡f±‡ii jwä KLb k~b¨ n‡e— wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| [g. ‡ev. '23]
DËi : PviwU ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡e ZLbB hLb PviwU ‡f±i‡K GKwU PZyf©y‡Ri PviwU evû µgvbymv‡i ‰Zwi Kiv
hvq| ‡hgb-

   
PQ RS 0

cÖkœ 19 : wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû hw` GKBµ‡g wZbwU ‡f±i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv n‡j ‡f±i·qi jwä k~b¨ nq ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
[e. ‡ev. '23]
DËi : ‡Kvb e¯‘ hw` B we›`y ‡_‡K hvÎv ïiy K‡i BA c‡_ A we›`y‡Z wM‡q AZtci AC c‡_ C we›`y‡Z hvq Ges me©‡kl
CB c‡_ B we›`y‡Z wd‡i Av‡m| Z‡e H e¯‘wUi bxU miY n‡e k~b¨|
  
A_©vr, GKB µ‡g wZbwU ‡f±i BA, AC Ges C B Gi jwä k~b¨| Avevi, ‡f±i ‡hv‡Mi wÎfyR m~Î Abymv‡i,

  
BA  AC  BC
  
BA  AC  BC  0
  
BA  AC  CB  0
AZGe, Dc‡iv³ we‡kølY n‡Z GwU ¯úó ‡h, GKBµ‡g wµqvkxj wZbwU ‡f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœ 20 : iˆ.iˆ ≠ 0 ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Pv. ‡ev. 24]

 
DËi : iˆ n‡jv x A¶ eivei GKK ‡f±i| iˆ GKwU GKK ‡f±i nIqvq Gi gvb 1 GKK| Avgiv Rvwb, A I B
 
`ywU ‡f±i ivwk ci¯úi  ‡Kv‡Y wµqvkxj n‡j, G‡`i ‡¯‹jvi ¸Yb, A.B  AB cos  ; ‡hLv‡b 0    180 .
Zvn‡j, iˆ.iˆ  iˆ . iˆ cos00  1  1  1  1 .A_©vr iˆ Gi gvb 1 Ges iˆ I iˆ Gi ga¨eZ©x ‡KvY 0° nIqvq | iˆ.iˆ  1 n‡e|
G Kvi‡Y iˆ.iˆ ≠ 0.
cÖkœ 21 : kˆ.iˆ  0 nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '18; P. †ev. '18; e. †ev, '18]
   
DËi : Avgiv Rvwb, A I B B `ywU †f±i ivwk ci¯úi  †Kv‡Y wµqvkxj n‡j, G‡`i †¯‹jvi ¸Yb, A.B  AB cos 
†hLv‡b 0     .

kˆ.iˆ  kˆ . iˆ cos90 0  1.1.0  0

GLv‡b, k̂ . n‡jv Z-A‡¶i AvqZ GKK †f±i Ges iˆ n‡jv X A‡¶i AvqZ GKK †f±i| k̂ . I iˆ Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY
=90°.

cÖkœ 22 : iˆ I ĵ Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY 90° Gi †P‡q Kg nIqv m¤¢e bq - e¨vL¨v Ki|[e. †ev. '21]

DËi : Avgiv Rvwb, abvZ¥K X-A‡¶i AvqZ GKK †f±i = iˆ

Avevi, abvZ¥K Y-A‡¶i AvqZ GKK †f±i = ĵ | †h‡nZy X I Y -A¶ `ywU ci¯úi j¤^| A_©vr G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY =
90° | AZGe, iˆ I ĵ Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY 90° n‡e|
Kv‡RB, iˆ I ĵ Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY 90° Gi †P‡q Kg nIqv m¤¢e bq|