Table of Contents
1. Program Learning Outcome (PLOs) ..................................................................................2
2. Course Learning Outcome (CLOs) ....................................................................................2
3. General Safety procedures ..................................................................................................2
4. Introduction ........................................................................................................................3
5. Objective .............................................................................................................................3
6. Types of Ramjet engine: .....................................................................................................4
1. Basic Ramjet ...............................................................................................................4
2. Liquid-Fueled Ramjet ................................................................................................4
3. Solid-Fueled Ramjet (SFDR) ......................................................................................4
4. Dual-Mode Ramjet (DMRJ) .......................................................................................4
5. Ejector Ramjet ............................................................................................................4
7. Components of Ramjet Engine: .........................................................................................5
1. Inlet (Diffuser) .................................................................................................................5
2. Combustion Chamber .....................................................................................................5
3. Fuel Injection System ......................................................................................................5
4. Flame Holder ...................................................................................................................5
5. Nozzle ...............................................................................................................................5
8. Calculations: .......................................................................................................................6
9. Graphs:................................................................................................................................7
10. Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 10
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1. Program Learning Outcome (PLOs)
PLO-01:
Demonstrates the ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, natural sciences, core engineering
principles, and specialized technical expertise to effectively analyze and solve complex engineering
problems.
PLO-05
Exhibits proficiency in selecting, developing, and utilizing appropriate modern engineering and
information technology tools—including modeling, simulation, and predictive techniques—for
complex engineering activities, with an awareness of their capabilities and constraints.
2. Course Learning Outcome (CLOs)
CLO-01
Demonstrate familiarity with various propulsion systems and equipment in the laboratory
environment, adhere to safe working practices, and respond appropriately in situations requiring
safety awareness.
CLO-02
Gain practical experience in dismantling, assembling, configuring, and calibrating laboratory
equipment, as well as independently or collaboratively measuring and recording various
operational parameters
3. General Safety procedures
• Be aware of the locations of the emergency medical kit, fire extinguisher, eye wash station,
and safety shower, and understand their proper usage in case of an emergency
• Maintain a safe distance from the inlet and outlet of operating equipment to avoid injury.
• Refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, or vaping while in the laboratory environment.
• Carefully read and follow all labels and instructions on chemicals and equipment.
• Do not operate any laboratory equipment unless you have received proper training and
authorization from your supervisor.
• Secure long hair and loose clothing to prevent entanglement in moving parts or exposure
to hazardous substances
• Keep your work area clean and free of unnecessary items. Personal belongings such as
books, bags, or purses should be placed away from equipment and walkways.
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• Immediately report any equipment malfunction or failure to the lab instructor—do not
attempt to repair it yourself.
• Before leaving the laboratory, ensure all electrical switches, water inlet valves, and ignition
sources are turned off, and that the lab is properly secured.
• Do not conduct any unauthorized or unsupervised experiments under any circumstances.
• Be familiar with the laboratory and building evacuation procedures in the event of an
emergency.
• Report any injury, regardless of severity, to your instructor immediately for appropriate
action
4. Introduction
The Ramjet Apparatus in the
Propulsion and Power Systems
Laboratory is designed to demonstrate
the fundamental principles of ramjet
propulsion—an air-breathing system
that operates efficiently at high speeds
without the use of moving parts. In this
setup, incoming air is compressed due to
the engine’s forward motion, mixed with
fuel, combusted, and expelled through a
nozzle to generate thrust. This apparatus
enables students to explore key aspects
of jet propulsion, including air
compression, combustion dynamics, and exhaust gas expansion. Additionally, it allows for
the measurement and analysis of critical performance parameters such as thrust, temperature,
and pressure. By engaging in hands-on experimentation, students reinforce theoretical
knowledge and gain practical insights into the operation of high-speed propulsion systems
5. Objective
The Ramjet Apparatus experiment in the Propulsion and Power Systems Laboratory is designed to
investigate and assess the operational characteristics and performance of a ramjet engine. The
experiment focuses on the key processes of fuel-air mixing, combustion at constant pressure, high-speed
intake air compression, and exhaust gas expansion to generate thrust. By measuring critical parameters
such as temperature, fuel consumption, thrust output, and inlet and outlet pressures, students will
analyze the engine's performance and behavior across various operating conditions. Ultimately, this
experiment provides valuable insights into the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics that govern air-
breathing propulsion systems, which are crucial for the performance of high-speed aircraft and missile
technologies
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6. Types of Ramjet engine:
The following are common types of Ramjet Engine:
1. Basic Ramjet
Simplest form with no moving parts
Operates efficiently between Mach 2 and Mach 4
Relies on forward motion to compress incoming air
2. Liquid-Fueled Ramjet
Uses fuels like kerosene or JP-4
Offers better control
Commonly used in laboratory experiments
3. Solid-Fueled Ramjet (SFDR)
Uses solid propellants within the combustion chamber
Compact design, ideal for missile applications
4. Dual-Mode Ramjet (DMRJ)
Functions as a conventional ramjet at lower speeds
Transitions to a scramjet at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 and above)
Enables sustained high-speed flight
5. Ejector Ramjet
Uses a secondary propulsion system for low-speed operation
Transitions to ramjet mode at higher speeds
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7. Components of Ramjet Engine:
The engine consists of several key components, which include:
1. Inlet (Diffuser)
The inlet utilizes the engine's forward speed to compress and slow down the incoming air. It is
specifically designed to decelerate the airflow while increasing its pressure, thereby ensuring
efficient combustion by delivering compressed air into the combustion chamber. The inlet's shape
is crucial for transitioning the airflow from supersonic to subsonic speeds, optimizing the engine’s
performance
2. Combustion Chamber
The combustion chamber is where the fuel mixes with the compressed air and undergoes ignition,
resulting in the production of high-pressure, high-temperature gases. These gases expand rapidly,
increasing their velocity as they exit the chamber. The combustion chamber must be designed to
endure extreme conditions while ensuring stable combustion to maintain continuous engine
operation.
3. Fuel Injection System
The fuel injection system precisely delivers fuel into the combustion chamber, ensuring controlled
atomization of the liquid fuel. This process facilitates efficient mixing with the compressed air,
promoting optimal combustion. Effective fuel injection is essential for achieving consistent engine
performance, particularly under varying operational conditions
4. Flame Holder
The flame holder generates turbulence within the combustion chamber, stabilizing the flame in
the presence of supersonic airflow. This component is essential for maintaining continuous ignition
and ensuring efficient combustion by preventing the high-speed air from extinguishing the flame
5. Nozzle
The nozzle accelerates the exhaust gases, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy. By
utilizing a convergent-divergent shape, the nozzle expands the gases, generating thrust. Its design
is critical in optimizing the engine's thrust output and overall efficiency.
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8. Calculations:
{At Air Speed at 35}
Probe Air Probe Total Probe Static Dynamic Pressure Velocity
Position (°) Supply Pressure Pressure (Total - Static) (m/s)
Leading Edge 35 37 30.5 6.5 3.25
5 35 36.5 31.5 5 2.85
10 35 36 32 4 2.55
15 35 34 31.5 2.5 2.00
{At Air Speed at 40}
Probe Air Probe Total Probe Static Dynamic Pressure Velocity
Position (°) Supply Pressure Pressure (Total - Static) (m/s)
Leading Edge 40 40.5 30 10.5 4.14
5 40 39.5 32 7.5 3.40
10 40 38.5 32.5 6 3.12
15 40 34.5 31.5 3 2.2
{At Air Speed at 45}
Probe Air Probe Total Probe Static Dynamic Pressure Velocity
Position (°) Supply Pressure Pressure (Total - Static) (m/s)
Leading Edge 45 46 29.5 16.5 5.19
5 45 44.5 32 12.5 4.50
10 45 43.5 34.75 8.75 3.70
15 45 36.5 32 4.5 2.70
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9. Graphs:
At Air Speed at 35
PROBE LOCATIONS VS PRESSURE
40
35
30
PRESSURE
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15
PROB LOCATION
T.S S.P D.P
PROBE LOCATIONS VS VELOCITY
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
VELOCITY
2.7
2.5
2.3 VELOCITY
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
0 5 10 15
PROB LOCATION
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At Air Speed at 40
PROBE LOCATIONS VS PRESSURE
50
40
PRESSURE
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15
PROB LOCATION
T.P S.P D.P
PROBE LOCATIONS VS VELOCITY
4.5
3.5
VELOCITY
3
VELOCITY
2.5
1.5
0 5 10 15
PROB LOCATION
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At Air Speed at 45
PROBE LOCATIONS VS PRESSURE
50
45
40
35
30
PRESSURE
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5
T.P S.P 10
D.P 15
PROB LOCATION
PROBE LOCATIONS VS VELOCITY
5.5
4.5
VELOCITY
4 VELOCITY
3.5
2.5
2
0 5 10 15
PROB LOCATION
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10. Conclusion
The ramjet engine consists of several key components that function together to enable efficient
high-speed propulsion. The inlet slows down and compresses the incoming air, preparing it for
combustion. The fuel injection system precisely delivers fuel to ensure optimal mixing and
efficient burning. Within the combustion chamber, the fuel-air mixture is ignited to produce high-
pressure, high-temperature gases. A flame holder stabilizes the flame within the supersonic
airflow, ensuring continuous combustion. Finally, the nozzle accelerates the exhaust gases,
converting thermal energy into thrust. Together, these components enable the ramjet to operate
efficiently at supersonic speeds, making it a vital technology for high-speed aircraft and missile
propulsion.
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