Table of Contents
1. Program Learning Outcome (PLOs) .................................................................................... 2
2. Course Learning Outcome (CLOs) ....................................................................................... 2
3. General Safety procedures ..................................................................................................... 2
4. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3
5. Objective.................................................................................................................................. 3
6. Types of Ramjet engine: ......................................................................................................... 4
1. Basic Ramjet ................................................................................................................... 4
2. Liquid-Fueled Ramjet ................................................................................................... 4
3. Solid-Fueled Ramjet (SFDR) ........................................................................................ 4
4. Dual-Mode Ramjet (DMRJ) ......................................................................................... 4
5. Ejector Ramjet ............................................................................................................... 4
7. Components of Ramjet Engine: ............................................................................................ 5
1. Inlet (Diffuser)..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Combustion Chamber ........................................................................................................ 5
3. Fuel Injection System ......................................................................................................... 5
4. Flame Holder....................................................................................................................... 5
5. Nozzle ................................................................................................................................... 5
8. Tables: ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Table 1: Temperature vs Air Supply ..................................................................................... 6
Table 2: Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at Leading Edge) ........................................................ 6
Table 3: Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at 15° Position) ........................................................... 6
9. Graphs: .................................................................................................................................... 7
Temperature vs Air supply..................................................................................................... 7
Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at Leading Edge) ....................................................................... 7
Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at 15° Position) .......................................................................... 8
Comparative Drag Plot for both Probe Positions ................................................................ 8
10. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 9
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1. Program Learning Outcome (PLOs)
PLO-01:
Demonstrates the ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, natural sciences, core engineering
principles, and specialized technical expertise to effectively analyze and solve complex engineering
problems.
PLO-05
Exhibits proficiency in selecting, developing, and utilizing appropriate modern engineering and
information technology tools—including modeling, simulation, and predictive techniques—for
complex engineering activities, with an awareness of their capabilities and constraints.
2. Course Learning Outcome (CLOs)
CLO-01
Demonstrate familiarity with various propulsion systems and equipment in the laboratory
environment, adhere to safe working practices, and respond appropriately in situations requiring
safety awareness.
CLO-02
Gain practical experience in dismantling, assembling, configuring, and calibrating laboratory
equipment, as well as independently or collaboratively measuring and recording various
operational parameters
3. General Safety procedures
• Be aware of the locations of the emergency medical kit, fire extinguisher, eye wash station,
and safety shower, and understand their proper usage in case of an emergency
• Maintain a safe distance from the inlet and outlet of operating equipment to avoid injury.
• Refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, or vaping while in the laboratory environment.
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• Carefully read and follow all labels and instructions on chemicals and equipment.
• Do not operate any laboratory equipment unless you have received proper training and
authorization from your supervisor.
• Secure long hair and loose clothing to prevent entanglement in moving parts or exposure
to hazardous substances
• Keep your work area clean and free of unnecessary items. Personal belongings such as
books, bags, or purses should be placed away from equipment and walkways.
• Immediately report any equipment malfunction or failure to the lab instructor—do not
attempt to repair it yourself.
• Before leaving the laboratory, ensure all electrical switches, water inlet valves, and ignition
sources are turned off, and that the lab is properly secured.
• Do not conduct any unauthorized or unsupervised experiments under any circumstances.
• Be familiar with the laboratory and building evacuation procedures in the event of an
emergency.
• Report any injury, regardless of severity, to your instructor immediately for appropriate
action
4. Introduction
The Ramjet Apparatus in the Propulsion
and Power Systems Laboratory
demonstrates the core operational
principles of air-breathing jet
propulsion. Following the initial
analysis of pressure parameters, this
experiment extends to measuring
temperature variations with respect
to air supply and drag forces at
different probe locations. These
additions provide deeper insights into
the aerodynamic behavior and thermal responses of the system under changing airflow
conditions. The experiment bridges theoretical propulsion principles with practical
performance metrics essential for designing and evaluating high-speed propulsion systems.
5. Objective
The objective of this phase of the experiment is:
To measure temperature response at various levels of air supply.
To determine drag forces at different air supplies and compare readings across two probe positions.
To analyze how changes in air supply and probe positioning affect aerodynamic drag and
temperature behavior within a ramjet setup.
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6. Types of Ramjet engine:
The following are common types of Ramjet Engine:
1. Basic Ramjet
Simplest form with no moving parts
Operates efficiently between Mach 2 and Mach 4
Relies on forward motion to compress incoming air
2. Liquid-Fueled Ramjet
Uses fuels like kerosene or JP-4
Offers better control
Commonly used in laboratory experiments
3. Solid-Fueled Ramjet (SFDR)
Uses solid propellants within the combustion chamber
Compact design, ideal for missile applications
4. Dual-Mode Ramjet (DMRJ)
Functions as a conventional ramjet at lower speeds
Transitions to a scramjet at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 and above)
Enables sustained high-speed flight
5. Ejector Ramjet
Uses a secondary propulsion system for low-speed operation
Transitions to ramjet mode at higher speeds
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7. Components of Ramjet Engine:
The engine consists of several key components, which include:
1. Inlet (Diffuser)
The inlet utilizes the engine's forward speed to compress and slow down the incoming air. It is
specifically designed to decelerate the airflow while increasing its pressure, thereby ensuring
efficient combustion by delivering compressed air into the combustion chamber. The inlet's shape
is crucial for transitioning the airflow from supersonic to subsonic speeds, optimizing the engine’s
performance
2. Combustion Chamber
The combustion chamber is where the fuel mixes with the compressed air and undergoes ignition,
resulting in the production of high-pressure, high-temperature gases. These gases expand rapidly,
increasing their velocity as they exit the chamber. The combustion chamber must be designed to
endure extreme conditions while ensuring stable combustion to maintain continuous engine
operation.
3. Fuel Injection System
The fuel injection system precisely delivers fuel into the combustion chamber, ensuring controlled
atomization of the liquid fuel. This process facilitates efficient mixing with the compressed air,
promoting optimal combustion. Effective fuel injection is essential for achieving consistent engine
performance, particularly under varying operational conditions
4. Flame Holder
The flame holder generates turbulence within the combustion chamber, stabilizing the flame in
the presence of supersonic airflow. This component is essential for maintaining continuous ignition
and ensuring efficient combustion by preventing the high-speed air from extinguishing the flame
5. Nozzle
The nozzle accelerates the exhaust gases, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy. By
utilizing a convergent-divergent shape, the nozzle expands the gases, generating thrust. Its design
is critical in optimizing the engine's thrust output and overall efficiency.
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8. Tables:
Table 1: Temperature vs Air Supply
Air Supply (unit) Temperature (°C)
39 28
40 31
42 33
44 34
46 34
48 35
50 35
52 36
54 36
56 37
59 39
61 40
Table 2: Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at Leading Edge)
Air Supply (unit) Drag Force (N)
35 0.6
40 1.5
45 2.5
50 3.5
Table 3: Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at 15° Position)
Air Supply (unit) Drag Force (N)
35 0.6
40 1.5
45 2.5
50 3.5
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9. Graphs:
Temperature vs Air supply
TEMPERATURE VS AIR SUPPLY
41
39
37
TEMPERATURE
35
33
31 Temp
29
27
25
39 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 59 61
AIR SUPPLY
Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at Leading Edge)
AIR SUPPLY VS DRAG ( LEADING EDGE)
4
3.5
3
2.5
DRAG
2
1.5 drag (at leading edge)
1
0.5
0
35 40 45 50
AIR SUPPLY
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Drag vs Air Supply (Probe at 15° Position)
AIR SUPPLY VS DRAG ( 15O)
4
3.5
3
2.5
DRAG
2
1.5 drag (at 15)
1
0.5
0
35 40 45 50
AIR SUPPLY
Comparative Drag Plot for both Probe Positions
COMPARATIVE CHART OF AIR SUPPLY VS DRAG
( LEADING EDGE & 15O)
4
3.5
3
2.5
DRAG
2
1.5 drag (at leading edge)
1 drag (at 15)
0.5
0
35 40 45 50
AIR SUPPLY
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10. Conclusion
The experimental results show a clear rise in temperature with increasing air supply, suggesting a
proportional relationship due to higher kinetic energy conversion. Additionally, drag measurements
at two different probe positions (Leading Edge and 15°) revealed nearly identical trends, indicating
symmetrical airflow or consistent pressure gradient development within the test setup. These
findings emphasize the ramjet engine’s sensitivity to inlet conditions and reinforce the practical
understanding of fluid flow and heat transfer in propulsion systems.
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