Elementary Statistics Math 1200
Unit 2 Study Guide
Unit 2 Study Guide
Instructions
Complete this study guide as you go along with your lessons. Use it to study for exam 2.
Likelihood
Express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value.
1. “There is a 92% chance of rain tomorrow.”
2. What is the probability of an event that is certain to occur?
3. Two standard dice are rolled. Find the probability that the numbers rolled equal 6.
Probability
Find the indicated probability.
4. If you pick a card at random from a well shuffled deck, what is the probability that you get a face
card or a spade?
5. The table below describes the smoking habits of a group of asthma sufferers. If one of the 997
people is randomly selected, find the probability of getting a regular or heavy smoker.
Occasional Regular Heavy
Nonsmoker smoker smoker smoker Total
Men 334 50 68 32 484
Women 357 30 89 37 513
Total 691 80 157 69 997
6. A manufacturing process has a 70% yield, meaning that 70% of the products are acceptable and
30% are defective. If three of the products are randomly selected and then replaced, find the
probability that all of them are acceptable.
7. A sample of four different calculators is randomly selected from a group containing 48 that are
defective and 30 that have no defects. What is the probability that all four of the calculators
selected are defective? Round to four decimal places.
Data Analyzation
The table below shows the soft drinks preferences of people in three age groups.
Cola Root Beer Lemon-Lime
Under 21 years of age 40 25 20
Between 21 and 40 35 20 30
Over 40 years of age 20 30 35
8. If one of the 255 subjects is randomly selected, find the probability that the person is over 40
years of age given that they drink root beer.
9. Find the probability that the person drinks root beer, given that they are over 40.
10. If two different people are selected, find the probability that they both drink lemon-lime.
Elementary Statistics Math 1200
Unit 2 Study Guide
Odds
Answer the following questions that pertain to odds.
11. If the odds against winning a bet are 47:1, what is the probability that you will win?
12. In a certain town, 5% of people commute to work by train. If a person is selected randomly from
the town, what are the odds in favor of selecting someone who commutes by train?
Probability
Find the indicated probability.
13. In a blood testing procedure, blood samples from five people are combined into one mixture.
The mixture will test positive if at least one sample is positive. If the probability that an
individual sample tests positive is 0.03, what is the probability that the mixture will test
positive?
14. In a certain college, 33% of the physics majors belong to ethnic minorities. Suppose 10 students
are selected at random from the physics majors.
a. What is the probability that exactly two belong to an ethnic minority?
b. What is the probability that at most two students belong to a minority?
15. A hotel estimates that 95.5% of people who book a room actually show up. If the hotel takes
reservations for 122 rooms in a hotel that has 120 rooms, what is the probability that the
number of people who show up will exceed the capacity of the hotel?
Probability Distribution
The random variable x is the number of books sold in an hour at a local bookstore. Its probability
distribution is as follows.
Books Sold (x) Probability p(x)
1 0.01
2 0.24
3 0.12
4 0.16
5 0.01
6 0.14
7 0.11
8 0.21
16. Determine the mean number of books sold in an hour at that local bookstore.
17. Find the standard deviation for the number of books sold in an hour at that local bookstore.
Expected Value
Provide an appropriate response.
Elementary Statistics Math 1200
Unit 2 Study Guide
18. In a game, you have a 1/36 probability of winning a profit of $85 and a 35/36 probability of
losing $4. What is your expected value?
Determine if the outcome is unusual. Consider as unusual any result that differs from the mean by more
than two standard deviations. That is, unusual values are either less than μ – 2σ or greater than μ + 2σ.
19. A survey for brand recognition is done and it is determined that 68% of consumers have heard
of John’s Burger Joint. A survey of 800 randomly selected consumers is to be conducted. For
such groups of 800, would it be unusual to get 570 consumers who recognize the John’s Burger
Joint name?
Normal Distribution
20. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts IQ scores of adults, and those scores are
normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 (as on the Wechsler
test).
21. Find the indicated z score. The graph depicts the standard normal distribution with mean 0 and
standard deviation 1. The shaded area is 0.8599.
If z is a standard normal variable, find the probability.
22. P (z > 0.73)
23. The probability that z is less than 1.51
Assume that x has a normal distribution and find the indicated probability.
24. The mean is μ = 136.0 and the standard deviation is σ = 5.7. Find the probability that x is
between 132.2 and 147.1.
Elementary Statistics Math 1200
Unit 2 Study Guide
25. The weekly salaries of teachers in one state are normally distributed with a mean of $530 and a
standard deviation of $53. What is the probability that a randomly selected teacher earns more
than $615 a week?
26. Human body temperatures are normally distributed with a mean of 98.20 °F and a standard
deviation of 0.62°F. Find the temperature that separates the top 8% from the bottom 92%.
Round to the nearest hundredth of a degree.
27. Scores on an English test are normally distributed with a mean of 37.3 and a standard deviation
of 8. Find the score that separates the top 61% from the bottom 39%. Round to the nearest
tenth.
Central Limit Theorem
28. The weights of the fish in a certain lake are normally distributed with a mean of 18 lb and a
standard deviation of 12. If 16 fish are randomly selected, use the Central Limit Theorem to find
the probability that the mean weight will be between 15.6 and 21.6 lb?
29. A study of the amount of time it takes a mechanic to rebuild the transmission for a 2005
Chevrolet Cavalier shows that the mean is 7.4 hours and the standard deviation is 1.8 hours. If
16 mechanics are randomly selected, find the probability that their mean rebuild time exceeds
7.7 hours.
Confidence Levels
Find the minimum sample size you should use to assure that your estimate of p will be within the
required margin of error around the population ^p. Use Table A2.
30. Margin of error: 0.011; confidence level: 95%; ^p and q^ unknown.
31. Margin of error: 0.03; confidence level: 99%; from a prior study, ^p is estimated by 0.07.
32. Find the minimum sample size required to estimate an unknown population mean μ. Use Table
A2. How many women must be randomly selected to estimate the mean weight of women in
one age group. We want 90% confidence that the sample mean is within 3.1 lb of the population
mean, and the population standard deviation is known to be 16 lb.
33. Find the critical value zα/2 that corresponds to a degree of confidence of 88%.
34. Assume that a sample is used to estimate a population proportion p. Find the margin of error E
that corresponds to the given statistics and confidence level. Round the margin of error to four
decimal places. (95% confidence; n = 380, x = 50)
35. Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to construct a confidence interval for the
population proportion p. Of 600 randomly selected medical students, 27% said that they
planned to work in a rural community. Find a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of
all medical students who plan to work in a rural community.
Elementary Statistics Math 1200
Unit 2 Study Guide
36. Find the critical value tα/2. 99% confidence level; n = 31; σ is unknown; population is normally
distributed.
37. Find the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval for the population mean. 95%
confidence level; n = 21; x = 1.20; s = 0.33
38. Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to construct a confidence interval for the
population mean μ. Assume that the population has a normal distribution. A sociologist
develops a test to measure attitudes about public transportation, and 25 randomly selected
subjects are given the test. Their mean score is 78.3 and their standard deviation is 14.4.
Construct the 95% confidence interval for the mean score of all such subjects.
39. Find the X2 critical values. Confidence level of 99% and a sample size of 23.
40. Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to find a confidence interval for the
population standard deviation σ. Assume that the population has a normal distribution. Weights
of eggs: 95% confidence; n = 26, x = 1.60 oz, s = 0.36 oz