Question Bank

23MET205 - Metallurgy & Material Science

Course Type Course Nature CA Conduct System L T P Credits CA Total CA Pass SEE Total SEE Pass Total Pass

Theory 1 End Semester Mark 3 1 0 4 50 0 100 40 75

Question Bank Summary

Sect. Part A Sect. Part B Easy Med. Chall. Th. Appli.

110 99 61 116 32 126 83 27 77 40 19 1 0

Part A

# Unit Question COS Categorized

Easy -
How polymorphism differ from allotropy?
1 1.1 CO1 Remembering
-T

Easy -
2 1.1 What are the properties of the metal is determined by atomic and crystalline structures CO1 Understanding
-T

Easy -
3 1.1 What kind of bonding do you expect in the following materials: NaCl, Cadmium Telluride, and Bronze? Postulate CO1 Remembering
-T

Easy -
4 1.1 Describe the importance of long range and short range order of atomic arrangement on mechanical strength in solids. CO1 Understanding
-T

Easy -
5 1.1 Explain with a neat sketch the significance of directional and non-directional bonds on mechanical properties. CO1 Understanding
-T

Easy -
6 1.1 Why are ionic and covalent bonded metals poor conductors and metallic bonded metals good conductors? CO1 Understanding
-T

Easy -
7 1.1 Define a crystal and unit cell CO1 Remembering
-T

A metal having cubic structure has a density of 2.6 g/cc an atomic weight of

8 1.1
87.62g/mole. and a lattice parameter of 6.0849 Ao. one atom associated with each CO1
Easy -
Applying - T
lattice point, take Avogadro's number as 6.02x1023 atom/mol. find the crystal
structure of the metal?
Easy -
9 1.1 Draw the (112) and (111) planes in simple cubic cell. CO1 Understanding
-A

Medium -
10 1.1 Describe the importance of long range and short range order of atomic arrangement on mechanical strength in solids. CO1 Understanding
-T

Medium -
11 1.1 What is the need for determining Miller indices? CO1 Remembering
-T

Medium -
12 1.1 What are equivalent plane? CO1 Understanding
-T

Medium -
13 1.1 Distinguish between between slip & twinning. CO1 Understanding
-T
 Medium -
14 1.1 Correlate modulus of elasticity with properties from chemical bonding? Why Titanium is difficult to machine explain? CO1
Applying - T

Medium -
15 1.1
What is the importance of miller indices for evaluating plastic deformation? CO1 Understanding
Postulate -T

Medium -
16 1.1 What is the difference between crystal structure and crystal system? CO1 Understanding
-A

Medium -
17 1.1 How does the packing factor influence the strength of metals? CO1 Understanding
-A

Medium -
18 1.1 Why is Titanium difficult to machine? correlate with the modules of the material. CO1
Applying - A

Explain the good electrical and thermal conductivity of metals with respect to their atomic bonding? Medium -
19 1.1 CO1
Applying - A

Medium -
How high angle grain boundary differ from low angle grain boundary?
20 2.1 CO2 Understanding
-A

Medium -
21 2.1 What is forest of dislocation? CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
22 2.1 What are the distinct features of Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM)? CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
23 2.1 Why are grain boundaries often the cause of creep failure of metals? CO2 Understanding
-A

Medium -
24 2.1 What is the need for etching? CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
25 2.1 Explain how grain size influences mechanical properties. CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
26 2.1 What is the driving force for diffusion? CO2 Understanding
-A

Easy -
27 2.1 What are the attributes of grain boundary and dislocation? CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
28 2.1 Explain the fundamental of nano structures possesses high strength. CO1
Applying - T

Easy -
29 2.1 How point imperfections are governing welding process? Postulate. CO1
Applying - T

Medium -
30 2.1 What is the need of etching process? Which portion will be normally etched on the structure? Why is it so? CO1 Understanding
-T

Medium -
31 2.1 Explain the effects of grain boundary on dislocation movement CO1
Applying - T

Challenging -
32 2.1 What is the concept of nano? Correlate the significance of dislocation density to a guitar wire. CO1
Analysing - T

Easy -
33 2.1 Attributes of Burgers vector CO1 Remembering
-T

Medium -
34 2.1 Explain the different mechanisms by which plastic deformation takes place in CO1 Understanding
materials -T

Challenging -
35 2.1 Expalin a mechanism of dislocation multiplication. CO1
Applying - T

Easy -
36 2.1 What are the fundamentals involved in using Xrays for the X-ray diffraction method? CO2
Applying - T

Explain the driving force for grain growth at elevated temperatures Challenging -
37 2.1 CO1
Analysing - T

Challenging -
38 2.1 What is the driving force for recrystallisation and grain growth of metallic crystals? CO2
Applying - T
 Challenging -
39 2.1 What is the role of surface defects in crack initiation? CO1
Analysing - T

Easy -
40 2.1 Explain Bragg's law CO2 Remembering
-T

Medium -
41 3.1 What are the limitations of austempering? CO3 Understanding
-A

Medium -
42 3.1 How phase amounts can be determined using a phase diagram? CO3 Understanding
-A

Medium -
43 3.1 Discuss the effects of rapid cooling from the liquid state on the structure of binary alloys. CO3 Understanding
-T

Medium -
44 3.1 What do you mean by a critical cooling rate in TTT diagram? CO3 Understanding
-T

Medium -
What are the stages involved in normalizing the heat treatment process?
45 3.1 CO3 Understanding
-T

Medium -
46 3.1 Distiguish between Annealing and normalizing CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
47 3.1 Explain the need for stress relief annealing and how it is performed. CO2
Applying - T

Challenging -
48 3.1 What is the need for tempering of martensite? CO2
Analysing - T

Easy -
49 3.1 Briefly state the Hume-Rothery rules and explain the rationale. CO2 Understanding
-T

Easy -
50 3.1 What is coring? Explain with neat sketches and implications? CO1 Understanding
-T

Medium -
51 3.1 Why do jewelers add small amounts of copper to gold and silver? CO2
Applying - T

Challenging -
52 3.1 Why carbon has more solubility in FCC than BCC? CO2
Analysing - T

Medium -
53 3.1 Describe the special features of martensite transformation compared to other transformations in steel. CO2 Understanding
-T

Easy -
54 3.1 Explain the difference between hardness and hardenability. CO2 Understanding
-T

What is carburizing? Explain why this process is expected to cause an increase in the hardness of the surface of plain carbon Easy -
55 3.1 CO2
steels? Applying - T

Easy -
What is the need of surface hardening process? What is the minimum percentage of carbon required during the process of
56 3.1 CO2 Understanding
surface hardening?
-T

Easy -
57 3.1 What is the driving force for recrystallisation and for grain growth. CO2
Applying - T

Explain the phase reactions which occur during the cooling of 4.3% carbon alloy from liquid state to room temperature on an Challenging -
58 3.1 CO2
Iron – Carbon phase diagram. Applying - T

Challenging -
59 3.1 What is the need to perform an end quench test? CO1
Analysing - T

Medium -
60 3.1 Distinguish between TTT and CCT diagrams CO2 Understanding
-T

Challenging -
61 3.1 What is the need for quenching of steel? Postulate. CO2
Analysing - T

Medium -
62 3.1 Explain Gibbs phase rule. CO3 Understanding
-T
 Easy -
63 3.1 What is tempered martensite? draw microstructure. CO3 Understanding
-T

Medium -
64 3.1 What is meant by quenching? CO3 Understanding
-T

Medium -
65 3.1 What is the need of quenching? CO2 Understanding
-T

Easy -
66 3.1 What is the primary function of alloying? Explain with sketches. CO2 Understanding
-T

Challenging -
67 3.1 Why does the martensite phase not appear on the Fe-Fe3 C phase diagram? CO2 Analysing - T

Easy -
68 3.1 Differentiate pure substance and alloy. CO2 Understanding
-T

Easy -
69 3.1 What is the need of alloying ? Explain the classification of alloys and solid solutions. CO2 Understanding
-T

Medium -
70 4.1 Describe precipitation hardening mechanism in materials. CO4 Understanding
-T

Medium -
71 4.1 List the composition, properties, and use of Gun metal. CO4 Understanding
-T

Medium -
What is HSLA steel?
72 4.1 CO4 Understanding
-T

Medium -
73 4.1 What is malleable iron? CO4 Understanding
-T

Medium -
74 4.1 How are properties of aluminum affected by the inclusion of (a) copper and (b) silicon as alloying elements? CO4 Understanding
-A

Medium -
75 4.1 Postulate, why cast irons are brittle? CO4 Understanding
-A

Easy -
76 4.1 Postulate why cast irons are brittle. CO4 Understanding
-A

Easy -
77 4.1 Distinguish between brass and bronzes. CO4 Understanding
-T

Easy -
78 4.1 How do properties of steel depend upon its alloying elements? CO4 Understanding
-T

Easy -
79 4.1 Describe precipitation hardening mechanism in materials. CO4 Understanding
-T

Medium -
80 4.1 List the composition, properties, and use of Gun metal. CO4 Understanding
-T

Easy -
81 4.1 What is HSLA steel? CO4 Understanding
-T

Easy -
82 4.1 Give the composition and applications of i) high speed steel ii) white cast iron. CO4 Understanding
-T

Easy -
83 4.1 What is 18:4:1 CO4 Remembering
-T

Easy -
84 4.1 How cold working increases the strength of a material? CO4
Applying - T

Easy -
85 4.1 Explain the effects of following alloying elements in steel, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, lead and tungsten. CO4 Remembering
-T
 Challenging -
86 4.1 Justify the statement "pure metals can be effectively strengthened only by cold working" CO3
Analysing - A

Easy -
87 4.1 Why stainless steels are corrosion resistant? CO4 Remembering
-T

Easy -
88 4.1 What are the bearing materials? CO4 Remembering
-T

Easy -
89 4.1 What are the common tool steels? Give their compositions CO4 Remembering
-T

Easy -
90 4.1 What is the Bauchinger effect ? explain with a neat sketch. CO4 Remembering
-T

Easy -
91 4.1 Distinguish between Brasses and Bronzes CO4 Remembering
-T

Medium -
92 5.1 What are composites? Give one example and its application. CO5 Remembering
-T

Medium -
93 5.1 Differentiate Creep & Fatigue. CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
94 5.1 What is deformation by creep? CO5 Understanding
-T

Easy -
95 5.1 How composite differ from metals, polymers and ceramics? CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
96 5.1 What is the grain size preferred for creep applications? Why. Explain thermal fatigue? CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
97 5.1 Explain fracture toughness and its attributes into a screw jack? CO5
Applying - A

Easy -
98 5.1 What are the attributes of DBTT? Explain with neat sketches. CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
99 5.1 Explain four methods to increase the resistance to fatigue of a metal alloy. CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
100 5.1 Explain the effect of plastic deformation on crack propagation. CO5 Understanding
-A

Medium -
101 5.1 Discuss the effect of stress concentration on fatigue. CO5 Understanding
-A

Medium -
102 5.1 Explain the factors affecting the fatigue strength. CO5 Understanding
-T

Medium -
103 5.1 Differentiate Creep & Fatigue. CO5 Understanding
-A

Challenging -
104 5.1 Describe the kind of fracture, which may occur in a propeller shaft of an automobile. CO5 Analysing - A

Challenging -
105 5.1 Describe the kind of fracture which may occur as a result of a loose fitting key on a shaft CO3
Analysing - A

Challenging -
106 5.1 What is the importance of thermal fatigue in metal cutting processes? CO3
Applying - A

Easy -
107 5.1 What are the specialities of maraging steels ? CO4 Understanding
-T

Challenging -
108 5.1 Explain, how a creep-resistant design can be made. CO3
Analysing - A

Easy -
109 5.1 Explain with neat sketch the endurance limit. CO3 Remembering
-A
 Easy -
110 5.1 Expalin the need and application of Superplasticity CO3
Applying - A

Part B

# Unit Question COS Categorized

Easy -
1 1.1 Distinguish between characteristics of Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. CO1 Remembering
-T

Easy -
What do you mean by nucleation ? Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, with neat
2 1.1 CO1 Remembering
sketches. Discuss the dendritic growth.
-T

Easy -
With neat sketches, estimate the effective number of atoms, coordination number, and atomic packing factor for a
3 1.1 CO1 Remembering
simple cubic, BCC, and FCC.
-T

A. Aniron wire of 1mm² could support a mass of around 1000 Kg (weight of a small car)
4 1.1 CO1,CO1 Easy - - A
but actually supports a mass of only 2kg. Why? (3 marks)
B. Calculate the CN and APF simple cubic, BCC and FCC unit cells. (11 marks)

Draw and expalin a stress -strain curve of a mild steel, yield pont, ultimate tensile strength, breaking point, toughness, Medium -
5 1.1 CO1 Understanding
hardness and resilience . -T

Copper has an atomic radius of 0.128 nm (1.28A° ), an FCC crystal structure, and an
Medium -
6 1.1 atomic weight of 63.5 g/mol. Compute its theoretical density and compare the answer CO1
Applying - T
with its measured density
Narrate the slip systems of BCC, FCC, and HCP. Why do B C C a n d HCP Medium -
7 1.1 CO1
exhibit a brittle nature and FCC ductile nature? Applying - T

A. Explain with a neat sketch the significance of directional and non-directional bonds on
8 1.1 mechanical properties. (7 marks) CO1,CO1 Medium - - A
B. On the basis of primary and secondary bonds, explain the need for high pressurized
injection of diesel. (7 marks)

A. Draw (110) and (111) planes and [110] and [111] directions in a simple cubic crystal. (8
9 1.1 CO1,CO1 Medium - - A
marks)
B. What is the need for determining Miller indices? (6 marks)

A. NASA's Parker Solar Probe will be the first-ever mission to "touch" the Sun. The spacecraft, about the size of a
Medium -
small car, will travel directly into the Sun's atmosphere about 4 million miles from the Earth's surface. It is expected to
10 1.1 CO1,CO1,CO1 Understanding
reach there in 2025. Postulate the coolant used in the Parker solar probe with chemical bonds and amu. (7 marks)
-A
B. Explain how grain size influences the mechanical properties. (4 marks)
C. On the basis of hydrogen bond, explain the anomalous behavior of ice float on water.(3 marks)

Explain the slip systems of BCC, FCC and HCP. Why BCC and HCP exhibit brittle Medium -
11 1.1 CO1
nature and FCC ductile nature? Applying - A

A. Explain the procedure to find Miller indices for a plane. (5 marks)

12 1.1 B. CO1,CO1 Medium - - A
What are miller indices? Sketch (101), (632), (011) planes on a cubic unit cell with an example.
(9 marks)

A. BCC has 48 slip systems; therefore, it is expected to be an excellent ductile metal, but Challenging - -
13 1.1 CO1,CO1
why is it brittle? (9 marks) A
B. Strength is increased by sacrificing ductility. Why? (5 marks)

Explain Hall-Petch relation. Explain the effect of fine and coarse grain sizes on Challenging -
14 1.1 mechanical strength at room temperature and in creep applications. CO1
Analysing - A

A. What are the modes of plastic deformation? What is slip system and derive the schmid’s equation with neat sketch
and explain the attributes of schmid’s law? (7 marks) Challenging - -
15 1.1 CO1,CO1
B. Explain the effects of crystalline and non-crystalline structures on mechanical A

properties. (7 marks)
 A. Explain how grain size influences the mechanical properties with neat sketches. (9 Challenging -
16 1.1 CO1,CO1
marks) Applying - A
B. Why carbon has more solubility in FCC than BCC? (5 marks)

17 2.1 A. Write a short note on different types of Line defects occur in crystals.(7 marks) CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
B. Explain unsteady state diffusion. Derive the equation for Fick’s second law. (7 marks)

Describe the following defects in crystalline materials:

A. Point defects (4 marks)
18 2.1 CO2,CO2,CO2 Medium - - T
B. Dislocations or linear defects (6 marks)
C. Surface defects (4 marks)

19 2.1 A. Derive expression for Fick's laws of diffusion. (10 marks) CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
B. What are the applications of diffusion? (4 marks)

A. What is the need for etching? Which portion is normally etched on the structure? Why?
20 2.1 (7 marks) CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
B. Explain two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy
diffusion. (7 marks)

A. Explainthe significance of low and high-angle grain boundaries in dislocation

21 2.1 CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
movement. (7 marks)
B. How do point imperfections govern solid-state diffusion? Postulate. (7 marks)

A. Explain two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy
22 2.1 CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
diffusion. (7 marks)
B. Why is carbon more soluble in FCC than in BCC? (7 marks)

A. Explain with neat sketches why small-angle grain boundaries are not as effective in
23 2.1 interfering with the slip process as high-angle grain boundaries. (8 marks) CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
B. Describe the different mechanisms of diffusion and their applications in mechanical
engineering. (6 marks)
Easy -
24 2.1 What is Frank-Read source? CO2 Remembering
-T

A. A hardening process is performed at 1000oC on an iron-carbon alloy. The initial concentration of carbon in the alloy
is 0.20 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.30 wt% C. Determine the carburizing time needed
25 2.1 to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.45 wt% at a position 2 mm. Assume the error function value ‘z’ as 0.85. The CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
temperature-independent preexponential of diffusion is 2.3*10-5 m2 /sec and the activation energy is 148 kJ/mol. (10
marks)
B. How X-Ray diffraction technique is utilized for the determination of crystal structures?(4 marks)

Explain the role of surface defects on crack initiation Medium -

26 2.1 CO1
Applying - T

Medium -
Explain various steps in metallographic specimen preparation. What is the need of etching process? Which portion will
27 2.1 CO1 Understanding
be normally more etched on the structures during etching process?
-T

Explain the attributes of grain boundaries. Explain with neat sketches why small angle grain boundaries are not as
Medium -
28 2.1 effective in interfering with CO1
Applying - T
the dislocation as are high-angle grain boundaries.

The yield strength of mild-steel with an average grain size of 0.05 mm is 138 MPa. The yield stress of the same steel
Medium -
with a grain size of 0.007 mm is 276 MPa. What will be the average grain size of the same steel with a yield stress of
29 2.1 CO1 Understanding
207 MPa ? Assume the Hall-Petch relation is valid and that changes in the observed yield stress are due to changes
-T
in the grain size.

Explain the stages involved in the specimen preparation to determine the micro structure and Medium -
30 2.1 CO1
gran size. Applying - T

31 2.1
Why mechanical engineers can deform metals? Postulate the mechanism CO1
Challenging -
involved with neat sketches and equations. Applying - T

Medium -
32 2.1 Explain with neat sketches the edge, screw, and mixed dislocations. CO1 Understanding
-T
 Medium -
33 2.1 What are the fundaments involved in viewing an object? Distinguish between SEM and TEM with neat sketches CO1
Analysing - T

A. What is the difference between hardness, hardening process and hardenability?

34 3.1 (7 marks) CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
B. What is surface hardening? Compare induction hardening process with surface
diffusion hardening process. (7 marks)
Medium -
35 3.1 With a neat sketch explain binary isomorphous phase diagram. CO3 Remembering
-T

Postulate with neat sketches, why 100% pure metals are weaker? What are the primary functions of alloying? Explain
Medium -
36 3.1 the fundamental rules governing the alloying with neat sketches and how is it accomplished in substitution and CO3
Applying - A
interstitial solid solutions.

Draw the isothermal transformation diagram of eutectoid steel and then sketch and label (1) A time temperature path
that will produce 100% pure coarse and fine pearlite (2) A time temperature path that will produce 50% martensite and Medium -
37 3.1 CO3
50% bainite (3) A time temperature path that will produce 100% martensite (4) A time temperature path that will Applying - A
produce 100% bainite.

A. Draw the iron carbon equilibrium diagram, label it and show the invariant points.(9 marks)
38 3.1 CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
B. Write the reactions occurring at the invariant points indicating the temperature and composition of each phase. (5
marks)

Describe the following with neat sketches

A. Austempering (5 marks)
39 3.1 CO3,CO3,CO3 Medium - - T
B. Martempering (5 marks)
C. Ausforming (4 marks)

Medium -
40 3.1 Write the procedure for constructing a TTT diagram. Mark all regions in a TTT diagram for Fe-C, 0.8%C alloy system. CO3
Applying - A

Explain the following terms with structure and property. (a) quenching (b) tempering (c) Medium -
41 3.1 CO3 Remembering
retained austenite (d) martempering. -T

With the help of an Iron -Iron carbon equilibrium diagram, explain the eutectoid, the Medium -
42 3.1 CO3 Understanding
eutectic, and peritectic reaction of iron-carbon alloy system. -T

Construct a Iron -Iron carbide equilibrium diagram, explain the eutectoid, the eutectic, peritectic reactions and Medium -
43 3.1 CO2
ledeburite peralite etc with neat microstructure. Applying - T

A. a. What is bainite? Why do steels containing bainite exhibit higher levels of toughness? draw neat micro-structure. Challenging - -
44 3.1 CO2,CO2
(7 marks) T
B. What is the driving force for the formation of spheroidite. Draw neat micro-structure(7 marks)

Compare the mechanical properties, applications of martensite, pearlite, and bainite, tempared martensite and Challenging -
45 3.1 CO2
shperiodite formed from eutectoid steel composition with micro-structure Analysing - T

46 3.1 A. What is tempered martensite? explain with microstructure and applications. (7 marks) CO2,CO2 Easy - - T
B. What is the tempering of steels? Why is tempering necessary?(7 marks)

A. Explain a suitable surface hardening process which is changing the composition of the surface layers.(7 marks)
Challenging - -
47 3.1 B. Postulate with neat sketches, why 100 % pure metals are weaker? What are the primary functions of alloying? CO2,CO2
T
Explain the fundamental rules governing the alloying with neat sketches and how is it accomplished in substitution and
interstitial solid solutions? (7 marks)

A. Explain the fundamental difference between the surface heat treatment which has no change in surface Challenging - -
48 3.1 composition and change in surface composition. (7 marks) CO2,CO2 T
B. What are the principal advantages of austempering compared with the conventional quench and temper method?(7
marks)
 Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition specifies the nature of
the final microstructure of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatments. In
each case assume that the specimen begins at 760°C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to
have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure a. Cool rapidly to 700°C, hold for 104s, then quench
to room temperature
b. Cool rapidly to 250°C, hold for 1s, then quench to room temperature
c. Cool rapidly to 450°C, hold for 100s, then quench to room temperature
d. Rapidly cool to 570°C, hold for 11s, rapidly cool to 350°C, hold for 90 s, then quench to room temperature
e. Rapidly cool to 700°C, hold at this temperature for 105.5S, then quench to room temperature

Challenging -
49 3.1 CO2
Analysing - T
 Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an Iron–Carbon alloy of
eutectoid composition specifies the nature of the final microstructure of a
small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature
treatments. In each case assume that the specimen begins at 760°C and that
it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a
complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.
a. Cool rapidly to 700°C, hold for 104s, and then quench to room
temperature.
b. Rapidly cool to 600 ∘C, hold for 4s, rapidly cool to 450 ∘C, hold for 10s,
and then quench to room temperature.
c. Cool rapidly to 250°C, hold for 1s, and then quench to room
temperature.
d. Cool rapidly to 400 ∘C, hold for 200s, and then quench to room
temperature.
e. Cool rapidly to 450°C, hold for 100s, then quench to room temperature
f. Rapidly cool to 570°C, hold for 11s, rapidly cool to 350°C, hold for 90s,
then quench to room temperature.
g. Rapidly cool to 575 ∘C, hold for 20s, rapidly cool to 350 ∘C, hold
for 100s, and then quench to room temperature.
h. Rapidly cool to 700°C, hold at this temperature for 105.5s, then
quench to room Temperature.

Challenging -
50 3.1 CO2
Analysing - T

i.

51 3.1 A. Explain the special features of martensite (7 marks) CO1,CO2 Medium - - T

B. What is the effect of %C in forming martensite at room temperature?(7 marks)

A. Why surface hardening processes are done on steels? Explain any two surface hardening methods with
52 3.1 CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
applications. (10 marks)
B. What is invariant reaction? Compare eutectoid and peritectoid reaction.(4 marks)
53 3.1 A. With a neat sketch explain binary isomorphous phase diagram. (6 marks) CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
B. How composition and relative phase fraction can be determined in the two-phase region in a binary isomorphous
phase diagram? (8 marks)

A. Draw the phase diagram of an alloy which is completely soluble in liquid state and insoluble in solid state. Explain
54 3.1 the solidification of any two compositions. (7 marks) CO2,CO2 Medium - - A
B. Draw and label various areas of an isomorphous system (phase diagram) in which two metals are completely
soluble in solid as well as in liquid state. (7 marks)

Easy -
55 3.1 Define hardenability. How is it assessed? Describe a method for determining hardenability of steel. CO5
Applying - A

Explain about nitriding surface hardening process and write its advantages and limitations over other surface Medium -
56 3.1 CO3
hardening methods with neat sketches. Applying - A

Easy -
57 3.1 Explain the various surface hardening processeswith neat sketches. CO3 Understanding
-T

A. Explain the following strengthening mechanism in metals. Challenging - -

58 4.1 i) Strengthening by grain size reduction CO4,CO4 A
ii) Solid solution strengthening (10 marks)
B. What are non-ferrous alloys? Give two examples and their applications.(4 marks)

A. Explain the phenomena of recovery, recrystallisaion and grain growth intimately associated with the annealing of a
59 4.1 CO4,CO4 Medium - - A
plastically deformed crystalline material. (9 marks)
B. How Bauschinger effect help in metal forming of materials?(5 marks)

60 4.1 A. How alloying effects the Polymorphic transformation temperature and critical cooling rate of the steels? (8 marks) CO4,CO4 Medium - - A
B. Name any 6 alloying elements, their concentration and function when added to steels.(6 marks)

Explain the effect of, polymorphic transformation temperature, formation and stability of carbides, grain growth,
Medium -
61 4.1 displacement of the eutectoid point, retardation of the transformation rates, improvement of corrosion resistance on CO4
Applying - A
adding alloy elements to steel.

Give the composition, microstructure, properties and applications of (i) Gray iron and SG iron. (ii) White iron and Gray Medium -
62 4.1 CO4
iron. (iii) Malleable iron and Gray iron. (iv) Gray iron and Mottled iron, (v) SG iron and Vermicullar Graphite Iron. Applying - A

63 4.1 A. Differentiate hot working and cold working. (7 marks) CO4,CO4 Medium - - A
B. Give the factors affecting recrystallisation. (7 marks)

Medium -
64 4.1 Explain how the properties of steel depend on alloying elements with neat sketches. CO4 Understanding
-A

Medium -
65 4.1 Explain the different strengthening mechanisms of metallic crystals with neat sketches. CO4
Applying - A

A. What is the strengthening of metals? Why is strengthening carried out?

66 4.1 CO4,CO4 Medium - - A
(7 marks)
B. Compare solid solution hardening with age hardening. (7 marks)

A. Differentiate between hot working and cold working?

67 4.1 CO4,CO4 Medium - - A
(7 marks)
B. Compare phase transformation hardening with strain hardening. (7 marks)
Medium -
68 4.1 How do alloying elements influence the properties of steel? CO4
Applying - A

Easy -
69 4.1 Name any six alloying elements, their concentration and functions when added to steels. CO4 Understanding
-A

Medium -
70 4.1 Classify Grey cast iron and explain their composition, microstructure and applications. CO4 Understanding
-A

Medium -
71 4.1 What is work hardening? Explain the mechanisms of the strain-hardening process. CO2 Understanding
-T

Explain the fundamentals with neat sketches the need of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth of the metal after Easy -
72 4.1 CO4
the cold working process. Applying - A

Medium -
73 4.1 Classify Grey cast iron and explain their composition, microstructure and applications. CO4 Understanding
-T
 What is work hardening? Explain with neat sketch what changes takes place when work hardened material is Challenging -
74 4.1 CO5
subjected to heat treatment process. Name the type of process employed. Analysing - A

Easy -
Explain the fundamental effects of alloying elements on polymorphic transformation temperatures, grain growth,
75 4.1 CO4 Remembering
eutectoid point, retardation of the transformation rates, formation and stability of carbides with neat sketches.
-T

Easy -
76 4.1 Discuss different types of copper alloys and their applications CO4 Remembering
-T

Write the properties and applications of the following :— Easy -

77 4.1 (a) Magnesium alloys. CO4 Remembering
(b) Nickel super alloys. -T

Easy -
Explain the features of the following alloys with examples. 1. Aluminum alloys 2. Copper alloys 3. Titanium alloys 4.
78 4.1 CO4 Remembering
Nickel alloys
-T

Challenging -
79 4.1 Describe an appropriate strengthening mechanism that aims to increase the material's yield point. CO3
Analysing - A

Easy -
80 4.1 %What are the various strengthening mechanisms of metals ? with neat sketches. CO4 Understanding
-T

81 4.1 A. What are the various aluminium alloys and what are its uses ?(7 marks) CO4,CO4 Easy - - T
B. What are the various copper alloys and what are its uses ?(7 marks)

82 5.1 A. What is fatigue failure? Explain various factors that affect the fatigue life of a material.(10 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. What is maraging steel? Write any two engineering applications (4 marks)

A. Describe the mechanism and structural features of fatigue failure.

83 5.1 CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
(8 marks)
B. Discuss the property super-plasticity. What are its engineering applications? (6 marks)

84 5.1 A. Explain Griffith theory of brittle fracture.(10 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A

B. List out various methods of protection against fracture. (4 marks)

A. A small hole is drilled through a steel plate ahead of a crack, whether it can stop the crack’s progress until repairs
85 5.1 can be made or not? Explain in detail and derive the equation. (7 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - T
B. What is ductile to brittle transition in steel DBTT? What are the factors affecting ductile to brittle transition? Narrate
with neat sketch. (7 marks)

Classify ceramics with radius ratio with neat sketches. Explain with an example for each of the AX, AmXp, AmBmXp Medium -
86 5.1 CO5
type structures in ceramics with neat sketch. Applying - A

A. Explain both “Creep and Fatigue” failure of materials and state how to prevent them. (7
87 5.1 CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
marks)
B. Describe the crack initiation, growth, and crack arrest. (7 marks)

A. Explain Griffith’s Theory of crack propagation. (7 marks)

88 5.1 CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. What is fatigue failure? Explain various factors that affect the fatigue life of a material.
(7 marks)

89 5.1 A. With the aid of the S-N curve explain the mechanism of Fatigue. (7 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. What are super alloys? List is an application's advantage. (7 marks)

90 5.1 A. Explain the phenomenon of thermal fatigue and its applications. (7 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. Explain the role of dislocation in the deformation of metals. (7 marks)

91 5.1 A. Write notes on: (i) Superplasticity (ii) creep resistant materials. (8 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. Define creep and briefly explain the factors affecting creep. (6 marks)

Explain how will you proceed to stop a crack just propagated in a metal. Give the reasons to do so, what would be the Challenging -
92 5.1 CO5
stress at the crack tip. Evaluating - A

A. A small hole is drilled through a steel plate ahead of a crack, whether it can stop the crack’s progress until repairs Challenging - -
93 5.1 CO5,CO5
can be made or not? Explain in detail and derive the equation. (7 marks) A
B. Explain crack initiation, growth and crack arrest with neat sketches.(7 marks)

94 5.1 A. Explain with neat sketches, the effects of stress concentration, size effect and surface texture on fatigue.(7 marks) CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
B. Explain four methods that may be taken to increase the resistance to fatigue of a metal alloy(7 marks)
 Easy -
Draw and explain S-N curves for ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Explain different methods to improve fatigue
95 5.1 CO3 Remembering
resistance, with neat sketches.
-A

A. Explain the effect of impact loading as a ductile material. How is it useful in metal working such as forging ?(7
96 5.1 CO3,CO3 Medium - - A
marks)
B. Explain the different factors leading to crack propagation (7 marks)

97 5.1 A. With the aid of S-N curve explain the mechanism of fatigue.(10 marks) CO5,CO5 Medium - - A
B. What are super alloys? List its advantages and applications(4 marks)

Easy -
98 5.1 A. Explain various methods of protection against fracture. (7 marks) CO3,CO3 Remembering
B. Explain in detail about the mechanism of creep deformation. (7 marks) -T

Medium -
99 5.1 Draw and explain a creep curve. Explain, how a creep-resistant design can be made. CO3
Applying - A