Environmental Studies and E-Waste Management - BCS508

Module 4: Waste management: Waste management: Solid Waste Management, types and sources,
functional elements of SWM, Biomedical Waste Management - Sources, Characteristics Environmental
Legislation: Solid Waste Management Rules,2016, Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 Self-
Study Component (SSC): Case studies on waste management options
1 Waste management primarily deals with —
a) Collection & disposal of waste b) Pollution of air c) Water purification d) Power
generation
Ans: a
2 The main goal of waste management is —
a) To increase waste b) To reduce and reuse c) To burn everything d) To export waste
Ans: b
3 “Municipal Solid Waste” mainly originates from —
a) Households b) Hospitals c) Power plants d) Forests
Ans: a
4 The biodegradable fraction of municipal waste includes —
a) Food waste b) Plastic c) Glass d) Metal scraps
Ans: a
5 Non-biodegradable waste is —
a) Paper b) Plastic c) Vegetable d) Wood
Ans: b
6 The 3R concept stands for —
a) Reuse-Reduce-Recycle b) Restore-Refill-Recover c) Remove-Return-Repair d)
Retain-Reuse-Ration
Ans: a
7 Open dumping of waste leads to —
a) Soil & groundwater pollution b) Air purification c) Cooling effect d) Fertility
improvement
Ans: a
8 Leachate is —
a) Liquid draining from waste b) Air pollutant c) A fertilizer d) Solid residue
Ans: a
9 Sanitary landfill is designed to —
a) Minimize pollution b) Produce CO₂ c) Burn waste d) Increase leachate
Ans: a
10 Composting converts —
a) Biodegradable waste to manure b) Plastic to oil c) Metal to slag d) Dust to sand
Ans: a
11 Sources of solid waste —
a) Domestic b) Commercial c) Industrial d) All of these
Ans: d
12 Functional elements of SWM include —
a) Collection b) Transportation c) Processing & disposal d) All of these
Ans: d
13 The first step in SWM is —
a) Waste generation b) Disposal c) Composting d) Segregation
Ans: a
14 Waste segregation means —
a) Separation at source b) Burning c) Dumping d) Collecting only plastics
Ans: a
15 Example of recyclable waste —
a) Paper b) Glass c) Metals d) All of these
Ans: d
16 Organic waste can be converted to biogas by —
a) Incineration b) Anaerobic digestion c) Open burning d) Pyrolysis
Ans: b
17 Incineration is —
a) Controlled burning of waste b) Composting c) Recycling d) Landfilling
Ans: a
18 Major drawback of incineration —
a) Air pollution b) No energy gain c) Waterlogging d) Expensive compost
Ans: a
19 Composting requires —
a) Microbial activity b) Sunlight c) Pressure d) Electric current
Ans: a
20 Vermicomposting uses —
a) Earthworms b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) Algae
Ans: a
21 Landfill gases primarily contain —
a) CH₄ and CO₂ b) O₂ and N₂ c) SO₂ and NO₂ d) CO and H₂
Ans: a
22 Which waste is generated in largest quantity in India?
a) Municipal solid waste b) Industrial waste c) E-waste d) Biomedical waste
Ans: a
23 Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) emphasizes —
a) Hierarchical approach b) Only disposal c) Export of waste d) Burning
Ans: a
24 Biomedical waste in municipal bins is —
a) Hazardous b) Non-hazardous c) Compostable d) Inert
Ans: a
25 Fly-ash is a by-product of —
a) Thermal power plants b) Plastic industry c) Textile mills d) Fertilizer units
Ans: a
26 Waste collection efficiency depends on —
a) Vehicle design b) Road width c) Population density d) All of these
Ans: d
27 RDF stands for —
a) Refuse Derived Fuel b) Residual Dumped Fuel c) Renewable Dry Fraction d)
Reduced Degradable Fraction
Ans: a
28 Plastic waste can be managed by —
a) Reuse b) Recycling c) Pyrolysis d) All of these
Ans: d
29 The most environment-friendly disposal method —
a) Composting b) Open dumping c) Ocean dumping d) Incineration
Ans: a
30 “Zero Waste” concept promotes —
a) Complete recycling b) Mixed dumping c) Landfilling d) None
Ans: a
31 Biomedical waste originates from —
a) Hospitals b) Clinics c) Laboratories d) All of these
Ans: d
32 Biomedical waste includes —
a) Syringes, dressings b) Kitchen waste c) Plastic bottles d) Newspaper
Ans: a
33 Colour coding of BMW containers ensures —
a) Safe segregation b) Decoration c) Marketing d) Storage only
Ans: a
34 Yellow-coloured bags are used for —
a) Human/animal anatomical waste b) Sharps c) Plastic waste d) Glassware
Ans: a
35 Red-coloured containers are for —
a) Contaminated plastics b) Paper c) Metal d) Expired medicines
Ans: a
36 Blue-coloured containers are used for —
a) Glass and metallic implants b) Human tissue c) Food waste d) Bandages
Ans: a
37 White (translucent) containers are meant for —
a) Sharps waste b) Plastics c) Paper d) Compost
Ans: a
38 Treatment of infectious waste is done by —
a) Autoclaving b) Landfill c) Composting d) Dumping
Ans: a
39 Disinfection method for liquid biomedical waste —
a) Chemical treatment b) Filtration c) Aeration d) Chlorination only
Ans: a
40 Sharp waste should be —
a) Mutilated and disinfected b) Reused c) Sold d) Buried directly
Ans: a
41 Improper BMW disposal can lead to —
a) Spread of diseases b) Soil fertility c) Clean air d) Odourless environment
Ans: a
42 BMW Rules 2016 replaced Rules of year —
a) 1998 b) 2000 c) 2011 d) 2014
Ans: a
43 Biomedical Waste Rules 2016 emphasize —
a) Segregation at source b) Mixing c) Burning openly d) Importing waste
Ans: a
44 Responsible authority for BMW management in India —
a) State Pollution Control Board b) Municipal Council c) NHAI d) None
Ans: a
45 Colour-coded bag labels must include —
a) Bio-hazard symbol b) Hospital name c) Date d) All of these
Ans: d
46 Solid Waste Management Rules were notified in —
a) 2016 b) 2000 c) 2018 d) 1995
Ans: a
47 SWM Rules 2016 extended responsibility to —
a) Local bodies b) Waste generators c) Producers d) All of these
Ans: d
48 Segregation of waste at source is mandatory under SWM Rules 2016 —
a) Yes b) No c) Optional d) Only for cities
Ans: a
49 Construction & demolition waste shall be —
a) Reused or recycled b) Dumped openly c) Burned d) Sent to landfill directly
Ans: a
50 Compost plant emissions are controlled by —
a) Odour management system b) High chimney c) Plastic lining d) Chemical wash
Ans: a
51 “Producer Responsibility” concept relates to —
a) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) b) Pollution permit
c) Waste-to-energy d) Tax relief
Ans: a
52 Major pollutant from open dumping sites —
a) Methane b) Oxygen c) Nitrogen d) Helium
Ans: a
53 Biomedical waste should be transported —
a) In covered, labelled vehicles b) Open carts c) Motorbikes d) Unmarked vans
Ans: a
54 Incineration temperature for BMW should be —
a) ≥ 1100 °C b) 100 °C c) 500 °C d) 250 °C
Ans: a
55 Landfill siting criteria include —
a) Away from habitation b) Near rivers c) Over aquifers d) On steep slopes
Ans: a
56 Who enforces SWM Rules 2016?
a) State Pollution Control Boards & ULBs b) Police c) NGOs d) Corporates
Ans: a
57 “Segregate → Store → Transport → Treat → Dispose” indicates —
a) Functional chain of SWM b) Water cycle c) Carbon cycle d) Energy cycle
Ans: a
58 A successful case study in waste management in India —
a) Indore city (Cleanest city initiative) b) Delhi smog c) Bhopal gas d) Taj trapezium
Ans: a
59 Improper solid waste disposal causes —
a) Vector-borne diseases b) Improved fertility c) Less pollution d) None
Ans: a
60 “Swachh Bharat Mission” mainly promotes —
a) Cleanliness & scientific waste management b) Air pollution control only
c) Deforestation d) Industrialization
Ans: a