5.
FLUIDS
1. A water bed is 2 m wide, 2 m long, and 30 cm high:
a) determine the weight;
b) Calculate the pressure created by the water on the surface. Let’s assume that the entire lower
surface of the bed touches the floor of the room (ρ water = 1 g/m3, g = 9.81 m/s2).
2. A patient receives a transfusion through a needle with a radius of 0.2 mm and a length of 2 cm.
The density of the blood is 1050 kg/m3. The transfusion bottle with blood is placed 0.5 m above
the patient's shoulder. Determine the blood flow through the needle if the viscosity of the blood
is 2.7 ·10-3 Ns/m2.
3. Arterioles (small arteries), which lead to a given organ, are narrowed, and this also reduces the
blood flow. If the flow is reduced by 1%, calculate how much the radius of arterioles is decreased?
4. Calculate the force acting on the eardrum of a diver, who dives at depth of 5 m. The surface of
the eardrum is about 1cm2.
5. How many cubic meters of blood does the human heart pump during a period of 78 years if we
assume that the mean flow is 5 l/min?
6. If the mean venous pressure is 2.66·105 Pa, what should be the minimum height at which the
glucose infusion bag should be placed for the solution can flow into the vein. For the density of
the solution take the value 1050 kg/m3.
7. The pulmonary artery, which connects the heart and lungs, has an internal radius of 2.6 mm and
length of 8.4 cm. If the pressure drops between the heart and the lungs is 400 Pa, determine the
average velocity of blood in the lungs artery?
6. THERMODYNAMICS
1. The temperature gradient between the human skin and the air in the environment is regulated
by the blood circulation (flow) in the skin. When blood vessels narrow, the skin cools, and when
spreading more blood is included in the surface circulation, so the skin heats up. In case of
expansion of the blood vessels, the skin is heated from 22 °C to 29 °C. Find the temperature
difference in degrees Celsius and degrees Kelvin.
2. Calculate how much the body temperature would rise in a man with a mass of 80 kg and 2200
kcal of energy from food is consumed for one day if there is no release of the energy. The specific
heat capacity of the human body is c = 3500 J/ (kg °С).
3. Calculate the energy losses from a person with an internal temperature of 37 °C and a skin
temperature of 27 °C? Is the ambient air expected to be warmer than 27 °C, colder than 27 °C or
have a temperature of 27 °C. Human skin can be presented as a heat insulator with a thickness of
1 cm, an area of 1.2 m2 and thermal conductivity coefficient 0.2 W/m K.
4. During light activities, a person with a mass of 75 kg spend 250 kcal/h. Considering that 20% of
the energy is converted into useful work, and the remaining 80% is converted into heat, calculate
the change in body temperature after 1 hour. The specific heat capacity of the human body is c =
3500 J/ (kg °C).
5. After various physical activities, the body temperature of a person with a mass of 75 kg is 41 °С.
Determine the change of energy in a unit of time during which the body temperature will decrease
to 37 °C within 30 minutes. The specific heat capacity of the human body is c = 3500 J/(kg·°C).