POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
INSTITUTE OF TEHNOLOGY
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop (Part 1)
MODULE 5
IN
MEEN 202
WORSHOP THEORY AND PRACTICE
Marcaida, Jay Ar D.
Instructor II
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Occupational Health and Safety Standards (OSHS)
Republic Act 11058 or Occupational Health and Safety Standards strengthens the
protection of employees who works on high risk jobs. This law ensures that the country provide for its
citizens support as they are an integral aspect of the nation building. It enforces that the employers,
contractors or subcontractors shall give their employee a safe and conducive place to work. This
includes all guidelines and orientation regarding the different safety processes employed by the
institution, inform the employee of the possible health risks related to their supposed work, provide
only approved tools and equipment inside the workplace and comply with the occupational safety and
health (OSH) standards by providing personal protective equipment (PPE) and other machine safety
equipment (Department of Labor and Employment, 2018).
This law is created to protect the safety and health of all workers. It shall promote
strict, dynamic and gender sensitive measures so that it address the needs of the employees without
compromising the companies.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Safety Practices inside the Workshop
Given that we are soon to practice this profession, we need to be familiar with the
common safety practices. Here are the common rules to be considered when working inside the workshop.
-The area (floors, walls, ceiling) should be kept tidy and dry as there are many
electrical components inside like machines and power tools.
- Walkways and workplaces should be free from obstruction as these areas is where
movements commonly happen.
- No Horse Play
- Clean as you go.
- Emergency equipments like fire extinguishers and first aid kits should be easily
located and unobstructed.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Safety Practices inside the Workshop
- Remove all accessories and loose clothings as these may get caught in the moving
parts of the machines and can cause serious injuries.
- Use the right tool for the right job. Each tool and equipment has its own purpose.
Make sure to use it according to the function that it is intended for.
- Make sure that you are using machines that you are knowledgable with. Ample
training and practice should be done before operating machineries.
- Personal Protective Equipment should be worn at all times. Refrain from working
inside the workshop without proper PPE.
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Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Personal Protective Equipment
— gear designed to safeguard individuals from health and safety
hazards in the workplace or other risky environments.
PPE can protect various parts of the body depending on the
hazard:
•Head: Helmets, hard hats
•Eyes & Face: Goggles, face shields
•Ears: Earplugs, earmuffs
•Respiratory System: Masks, respirators
•Hands: Gloves (chemical-resistant, cut-resistant, etc.)
•Body: Aprons, coveralls, hazmat suits
•Feet: Safety boots, steel-toe shoes
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Personal Protective Equipment
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
What is an Ideal Housekeeping?
1. A clean and orderly place makes trainers, employees, and
trainees respect the training center and office premises.
2. It assists in improving the quality of the learning, the efficiency
and safety of trainees, their morale, and pride. In the offices, it
enhances work efficiency due to conductive ambience.
3. Visitors have more confidence in a training center or office if they
find things properly taken care of.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Keys to ideal housekeeping
1. Adequate disposal of craps, waste, and surplus materials.
2. Sufficient work areas and adequate aisles.
3. Keeping each object in the designated place.
4. Cleanliness of surrounding rooms and equipment.
5. Orderly arrangement of chairs, desks and tables inside the training
room; tools, equipment and materials inside the workshop
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
•The 5S system is a lean manufacturing tool that improves workplace efficiency
and eliminates waste.
•5S is a five step methodology for creating a more organized and productive
workspace.
• 5S serves as a foundation for deploying more advanced lean production tools and
processes.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
5S FOR IDEAL HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES – THE JAPANESE WAY
- 5S which stands for good housekeeping concept is considered the
basis of continuous productive and quality improvements in Japan.
- It is believed that good housekeeping and workplace organization
are directly linked to achieving discipline in manufacture
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF A 5S PROGRAM?
Key benefits of a 5S program include:
• Creating space within your facility by removing unnecessary tools and equipment
• Reducing waste from unnecessary motion by organizing the workspace
• Reducing down time and improving quality by consistently maintaining equipment
• Engaging operators by granting them more responsibility for their work environment
• Creating a safer work environment by ensuring it is clean and well-maintained
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
THERE ARE FIVE STEPS IN THE SYSTEM,
EACH STARTING WITH THE LETTER S:
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Step 1: Sort
The Sort step separates items in your workspace that you know you need
from those that you do not need or may not need by moving the latter to a
“red tag” holding area. Clearing The Work Area
-Red-Tagging Unknown Items
-Reassigning Tagged Items
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Four Categories in Sorting.
1. Items needed in this work
area.
2. Items needed in another
work area.
3. Items you may need.
4. Items you do not need
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Step 2: Set In Order
The second step, Set In Order, was originally called “seiton,” which
translates to “orderliness.” A variety of names have been used in English:
“Systematic Organization,” “Straightening Out,” and “Simplify,” for
example. No matter what it’s called, the goal of this step is to organize the
work area. Each item should be easy to find, use, and return: a place for
everything, and everything in its place.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Building a 5S Map
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT STRAIGHTEN?
After you’ve sorted items, it’s time to decide how you want to organize them. We recommend the following
methodology:
Provide easy access to frequently used items. The key to reducing waste from excess motion is to place frequently
used items within easy reach.
Group like items. Group the remaining items into logical categories and brainstorm the best way to organize and
store each of these categories.
Visualize item homes. For each group, decide on the best way to make it clear when an item is missing or
misplaced. A classic example is creating a shadow board for tools.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT STRAIGHTEN?
Use containers. If it is appropriate for the type of item, consider organizing it within a container.
Unleash the labeler. If an item is too big to put into a container, consider giving it a frame and putting a label on
the item in addition to the frame.
Be agile. Your initial straighten pass will likely deliver a significant improvement - but you are also likely to
overlook some potential improvements. Meet with your team after one week and again after two weeks to
brainstorm further improvements as part of your initial implementation.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Step 3: Shine
The third step of 5S is Shine, or “seiso,” which means “cleanliness.” While the first and second steps
cleared up space and arranged the area for efficiency, this step attacks the dirt and grime that inevitably
builds up underneath the clutter, and works to keep it from coming back. The Shine step elevates the
work area by thoroughly cleaning and inspecting tools, equipment, and other items.
Importantly, the Shine step is not meant to be a job for the maintenance or janitorial staff. Each worker
should clean their own work area, and the equipment they use.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT SHINE?
After you’ve straightened items, it’s time to elevate the work area by cleaning, inspecting, and in some cases
performing routine maintenance. We recommend the following:
Grab the metaphorical spray bottle. Using appropriate cleaners and cleaning tools, make the work area sparkle.
With every sweep, mop, brush, wipe, wash, and wax, strive to return your workspace to its former glory.
Find the source. The guiding principle of this step is “clean to understand”. If there are any signs of leaks, spills,
or unexpected debris, strive to understand the source. It is likely an early warning of an future problem.
Inspect. After cleaning each item, take a moment to look it over and examine its condition. Does it need
updating, maintenance or repair?
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Step 4: Standardize
The first three steps of 5S cover the basics of clearing, organizing, and cleaning a work space; on their
own, those steps will provide short-term benefits. The fourth step is Standardize, or “seiketsu,” which
simply means standardization. By writing down what is being done, where, and by whom, you can
incorporate the new practices into normal work procedure. This paves the way for long-term change.
The Standardize step is a bridge between the first three steps (Sort, Straighten, Shine) and the last step
(Sustain). In this step your goal is to capture best practices for 5S as standardized work for your team.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
How Do You Implement Standardize?
It’s time to make sure all your hard work continues to pay dividends into the future. Set expectations for the future
with a documented 5S process. To do so, we recommend that you:
Document in pairs. Have one team member walk through each task as another documents it to ensure nothing
important is missed.
Capture the essence. We are huge proponents of simplicity (and agile). Capture the essence of each task and no
more. Otherwise your documentation will very likely not be maintained.
Prefer checklists. Checklists feel easy. Short checklists feel even easier. A great format is to have a name for each task
that serves as a quick reminder and a more detailed description for training.
Organize to simplify. Organize your checklists by role, by shift, and by frequency (daily, weekly, monthly). This will
make the 5S process much less intimidating to your team.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
Step 5: Sustain
The fifth step of a 5S program is Sustain, or “shitsuke,” which literally means “discipline.” The idea here
is continuing commitment. It’s important to follow through on the decisions that you’ve made — and
continually return to the earlier steps of 5S, in an ongoing cycle. The Sustain step assures that 5S is
applied on an ongoing basis. It transforms your standardized 5S processes into regularly completed tasks.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards in a Workshop
Practicing Proper Housekeeping Procedure in a Workshop
HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT SUSTAIN?
Once you’ve standardized, it’s time to continually act upon those standards. We recommend you:
Create a schedule. Embed 5S practices as scheduled tasks (by role, shift, and frequency).
Teach through demonstration. Instruct employees on how to conduct 5S tasks through demonstration and training.
Showing employees what is expected of them will prepare them to enact tasks on their own.
Supervise to solo. After initial 5S training for employees, gently supervise while they continue to form habits. It is easy to
make mistakes or fall off the wagon, so patiently and helpfully offer corrections when necessary.
Adapt as necessary. When giving or receiving feedback on tasks, see where changes can be made to make the tasks easier
and more efficient. Standardized work is intended to be living documentation.
THANK
YOU!