Summary Writing Guide
Key Tips and Conjunctives Table
■ Key Tips for Writing a Good Summary
1. Read and understand the passage carefully.
2. Underline or note the main ideas (ignore examples and details).
3. Use your own words — avoid copying sentences directly.
4. Combine related points into short, clear sentences.
5. Use simple and correct conjunctives (linking words).
6. Keep your writing brief, clear, and objective.
7. Arrange ideas logically, usually in the same order as the text.
8. Stick to the word limit (if given).
9. Check your summary for clarity and completeness.
■ Conjunctives (Linking Words) by Function
Function / Use Common Conjunctives Example
Addition and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, The
as well
project
as, besides
was successful and everyone was satisfied
Contrast but, however, although, whereas, on the otherThe
hand,
weather
while was cold, but we continued working.
Cause / Reason because, since, as, due to, owing to The roads were closed because of the heavy rain.
Effect / Result so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, Ithence
rained heavily; therefore, the match was cancelled.
Comparison similarly, likewise, in the same way Lions hunt in groups; similarly, wolves hunt in packs.
Time / Sequence first, next, then, after that, later, before, finallyFirst, mix the ingredients; then, bake for 20 minutes.
Condition if, unless, provided that, as long as You'll pass if you study hard.
Purpose so that, in order to, for the purpose of He spoke slowly so that everyone could understand.
Example / Illustration for example, for instance, such as, namely Many fruits, such as oranges and lemons, contain vitam
Conclusion / Summaryin conclusion, to sum up, overall, in summary,Ininsummary,
brief pollution affects both humans and animals
Emphasis indeed, in fact, above all, especially, particularly
She is talented; indeed, one of the best in her class.